Chicken Development - Revision history

Z8600021 at 00:18, 3 December 2019

2019-12-03T00:18:29Z

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	:'''Links:''' [[Embryology History - Nicole Le Douarin\|Nicole Le Douarin]] \| [[Quail Gastrulation ECM Movie]] \| [http://quail.anatomyportal.org quail anatomy portal]		:'''Links:''' [[Embryology History - Nicole Le Douarin\|Nicole Le Douarin]] \| [[Quail Gastrulation ECM Movie]] \| [http://quail.anatomyportal.org quail anatomy portal]

Z8600021 at 00:16, 3 December 2019

2019-12-03T00:16:57Z

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	===Quail===		===Quail===
	[[File:LeDouarin.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Nicole Le Douarin\|link=Embryology History - Nicole Le Douarin\|Nicole Le Douarin]]		[[File:LeDouarin.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Nicole Le Douarin\|link=Embryology History - Nicole Le Douarin\|Nicole Le Douarin]]
	Quail average egg development 16 days. The quail historically was used extensively by [[Embryology History - Nicole Le Douarin\|Nicole Le Douarin]] in chimera studies with chicken, particularly for {{neural crest}} development. See also the [http://quail.anatomyportal.org quail anatomy portal] (For review username: demo, password: quail123).{{#pmid:24715219\|PMID24715219}}		Quail average egg development 15-16 days. The quail historically was used extensively by [[Embryology History - Nicole Le Douarin\|Nicole Le Douarin]] in chimera studies with chicken, particularly for {{neural crest}} development. See also the [http://quail.anatomyportal.org quail anatomy portal] (For review username: demo, password: quail123).{{#pmid:24715219\|PMID24715219}}

	* Japanese Quail (''Coturnix japonica'').		* Japanese Quail (''Coturnix japonica'').

Z8600021 at 00:16, 3 December 2019

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	==Other Avian Models==		==Other Avian Models==
	===Pigeon===		===Pigeon===
	The domestic pigeon (''Columba livia f. domestica'') has an average egg development 18 days. A recent paper describes pigeon development and staging.{{#pmid:31786777}}		The domestic pigeon (''Columba livia f. domestica'') has an average egg development 18 days. A recent paper describes pigeon development and staging.{{#pmid:31786777\|PMID31786777}}


	===Quail===		===Quail===
	[[File:LeDouarin.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Nicole Le Douarin\|link=Embryology History - Nicole Le Douarin\|Nicole Le Douarin]]		[[File:LeDouarin.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Nicole Le Douarin\|link=Embryology History - Nicole Le Douarin\|Nicole Le Douarin]]
	Quail average egg development 16 days. The quail historically was used extensively by [[Embryology History - Nicole Le Douarin\|Nicole Le Douarin]] in chimera studies with chicken, particularly for {{neural crest}} development.		Quail average egg development 16 days. The quail historically was used extensively by [[Embryology History - Nicole Le Douarin\|Nicole Le Douarin]] in chimera studies with chicken, particularly for {{neural crest}} development. See also the [http://quail.anatomyportal.org quail anatomy portal] (For review username: demo, password: quail123).{{#pmid:24715219\|PMID24715219}}

	* Japanese Quail (''Coturnix japonica'').		* Japanese Quail (''Coturnix japonica'').

	:Links: [[Quail Gastrulation ECM Movie]]
			:'''Links:''' [[Embryology History - Nicole Le Douarin\|Nicole Le Douarin]] \| [[Quail Gastrulation ECM Movie]] \| [http://quail.anatomyportal.org quail anatomy portal]


	{{Animals}}		{{Animals}}

Z8600021 at 00:06, 3 December 2019

2019-12-03T00:06:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:06, 3 December 2019
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	==Other Avian Models==		==Other Avian Models==
	===Pigeon===		===Pigeon===
			The domestic pigeon (''Columba livia f. domestica'') has an average egg development 18 days. A recent paper describes pigeon development and staging.{{#pmid:31786777}}
	~~Pigeon~~ average egg development 18 days. ~~Recent~~ paper on pigeon development and staging.{{#pmid:31786777}}


	===Quail===		===Quail===
			[[File:LeDouarin.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Nicole Le Douarin\|link=Embryology History - Nicole Le Douarin\|Nicole Le Douarin]]
			Quail average egg development 16 days. The quail historically was used extensively by [[Embryology History - Nicole Le Douarin\|Nicole Le Douarin]] in chimera studies with chicken, particularly for {{neural crest}} development.

	Quail ~~average egg development 16 days. The quail has been used extensively in chimera studies with chicken, particularly for {{neural crest}} development~~.		* Japanese Quail (''Coturnix japonica'').

			:Links: [[Quail Gastrulation ECM Movie]]

	{{Animals}}		{{Animals}}

Z8600021 at 23:52, 2 December 2019

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 [[Book_-_The_Elements_of_Embryology_-_Figures|Elements of Embryology - Volume 1 - Figures]]
 ==References==
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 </gallery>

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	File:Foster033.jpg\|Fig. 33. Surface view from below of the posterior end pellucid area of a thirty-six hours' chick.		File:Foster033.jpg\|Fig. 33. Surface view from below of the posterior end pellucid area of a thirty-six hours' chick.
	</gallery>		</gallery>

			{{Ref-Keibel1900}}

			{{Ref-Lille1908}}

	[[Book_-_The_Elements_of_Embryology_-_Figures\|Elements of Embryology - Volume 1 - Figures]]		[[Book_-_The_Elements_of_Embryology_-_Figures\|Elements of Embryology - Volume 1 - Figures]]

Z8600021 at 00:49, 9 February 2019

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	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Chicken+Embryology ''Chicken Embryology'']		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Chicken+Embryology ''Chicken Embryology''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Chicken+Development ''Chicken Development'']

	~~<pubmed limit=5>Chicken Embryology</pubmed>~~
	\|}		\|}

Z8600021 at 00:44, 9 February 2019

2019-02-09T00:44:21Z

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	{{Header}}		{{Header}}
	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==
	[[File:Chick E12.jpg\|thumb\|Chicken embryo (day 12)]]The chicken (taxon -''Gallus gallus'') embryo develops and hatches in 20 to 21 days and has been extensively used in embryology studies. Historically, the chicken embryo was one of the first embryos studied, readily available and easy to incubate, embryo development can be directly observed by cutting a small window in the egg shell. A key to this model organism study was the establishment of a staging atlas by Hamburger & Hamilton in 1951{{#pmid:1304821\|PMID1304821}}, which allowed specifc developmental landmarks to be seen and correlated with experimental manipulations of development. This much cited paper included images of all key stages and was more recently republished in the journal Developmental Dynamics (1993), for a new generation of avian researchers. Probably just as important has been the recent chicken genome sequencing, providing a resource to extend our knowledge of this excellent developmental model.		[[File:Chick E12.jpg\|thumb\|Chicken embryo (day 12)]]The {{chicken}} (taxon -''Gallus gallus'') embryo develops and hatches in 20 to 21 days and has been extensively used in embryology studies. Historically, the chicken embryo was one of the first embryos studied, readily available and easy to incubate, embryo development can be directly observed by cutting a small window in the egg shell. A key to this model organism study was the establishment of a staging atlas by Hamburger & Hamilton in 1951{{#pmid:1304821\|PMID1304821}}, which allowed specifc developmental landmarks to be seen and correlated with experimental manipulations of development. This much cited paper included images of all key stages and was more recently republished in the journal Developmental Dynamics (1993), for a new generation of avian researchers. Probably just as important has been the recent chicken genome sequencing, providing a resource to extend our knowledge of this excellent developmental model.

Z8600021 at 22:34, 27 November 2018

2018-11-27T22:34:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:34, 28 November 2018
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	! Older papers		! Older papers
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\| {{Older papers}}
			* '''MORN5 Expression during Craniofacial Development and Its Interaction with the BMP and TGFβ Pathways'''{{#pmid:27630576\|PMID27630576}} "MORN5 (MORN repeat containing 5) is encoded by a locus positioned on chromosome 17 in the chicken genome. The MORN motif is found in multiple copies in several proteins including junctophilins or phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase family and the MORN proteins themselves are found across the animal and plant kingdoms. MORN5 protein has a characteristic punctate pattern in the cytoplasm in immunofluorescence imaging. Previously, MORN5 was found among differentially expressed genes in a microarray profiling experiment of the chicken embryo head. Here, we provided in situ hybridization to analyse, in detail, the MORN5 expression in chick craniofacial structures. The expression of MORN5 was first observed at stage HH17-18 (E2.5). MORN5 expression gradually appeared on either side of the primitive oral cavity, within the maxillary region. At stage HH20 (E3), prominent expression was localized in the mandibular prominences lateral to the midline. From stage HH20 up to HH29 (E6), there was strong expression in restricted regions of the maxillary and mandibular prominences. The frontonasal mass (in the midline of the face) expressed MORN5, starting at HH27 (E5). The expression was concentrated in the corners or globular processes, which will ultimately fuse with the cranial edges of the maxillary prominences. MORN5 expression was maintained in the fusion zone up to stage HH29. In sections MORN5 expression was localized preferentially in the mesenchyme. Previously, we examined signals that regulate MORN5 expression in the face based on a previous microarray study. Here, we validated the array results with in situ hybridization and QPCR. MORN5 was downregulated 24 h after Noggin and/or RA treatment. We also determined that BMP pathway genes are downstream of MORN5 following siRNA knockdown. Based on these results, we conclude that MORN5 is both regulated by and required for BMP signaling. The restricted expression of MORN5 in the lip fusion zone shown here supports the human genetic data in which MORN5 variants were associated with increased risk of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate." [http://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fphys.2016.00378/ DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00378]

	* '''FGF8 coordinates tissue elongation and cell epithelialization during early kidney tubulogenesis'''{{#pmid:26130757\|PMID26130757}} "When a tubular structure forms during early embryogenesis, tubular elongation and lumen formation (epithelialization) proceed simultaneously in a spatiotemporally coordinated manner. We here demonstrate, using the Wolffian duct (WD) of early chicken embryos, that this coordination is regulated by the expression of FGF8, which shifts posteriorly during body axis elongation. FGF8 acts as a chemoattractant on the leader cells of the elongating WD and prevents them from epithelialization, whereas static ('rear') cells that receive progressively less FGF8 undergo epithelialization to form a lumen. Thus, FGF8 acts as a binary switch that distinguishes tubular elongation from lumen formation. The posteriorly shifting FGF8 is also known to regulate somite segmentation, suggesting that multiple types of tissue morphogenesis are coordinately regulated by macroscopic changes in body growth." [[Developmental Signals - Fibroblast Growth Factor\|Fibroblast Growth Factor]] \| [[Renal System Development]]		* '''FGF8 coordinates tissue elongation and cell epithelialization during early kidney tubulogenesis'''{{#pmid:26130757\|PMID26130757}} "When a tubular structure forms during early embryogenesis, tubular elongation and lumen formation (epithelialization) proceed simultaneously in a spatiotemporally coordinated manner. We here demonstrate, using the Wolffian duct (WD) of early chicken embryos, that this coordination is regulated by the expression of FGF8, which shifts posteriorly during body axis elongation. FGF8 acts as a chemoattractant on the leader cells of the elongating WD and prevents them from epithelialization, whereas static ('rear') cells that receive progressively less FGF8 undergo epithelialization to form a lumen. Thus, FGF8 acts as a binary switch that distinguishes tubular elongation from lumen formation. The posteriorly shifting FGF8 is also known to regulate somite segmentation, suggesting that multiple types of tissue morphogenesis are coordinately regulated by macroscopic changes in body growth." [[Developmental Signals - Fibroblast Growth Factor\|Fibroblast Growth Factor]] \| [[Renal System Development]]

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	==Chicken Head==		==Chicken Head==

			A recent study of chicken mandible development{{#pmid:27630576\|PMID27630576}} has shown MORN5 (MORN repeat containing 5, on chromosome 17, was expressed in chick craniofacial structures from stage HH17-18 (E2.5). At stage HH20 (E3) expression was localized in the mandibular prominences lateral to the midline. and from stage HH20 up to HH29 (E6), there was strong expression in restricted regions of the maxillary and mandibular prominences. [http://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fphys.2016.00378/ DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00378]


	The following gene expression data is from a study of different head regions during development.{{#pmid:19941351\|PMID19941351}}		The following gene expression data is from a study of different head regions during development.{{#pmid:19941351\|PMID19941351}}
	* '''Frontonasal Prominence''' - CASH1/ASCL1, POSTN, OGN, CYP26A1, NR2E1, and SCARA5.		* '''Frontonasal Prominence''' - CASH1/ASCL1, POSTN, OGN, CYP26A1, NR2E1, and SCARA5.
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	* '''Mandibular''' - DLX1, HAND2 (highest), LHX8, MSX2, PITX2, and TWIST2.		* '''Mandibular''' - DLX1, HAND2 (highest), LHX8, MSX2, PITX2, and TWIST2.
	** Mandibular/maxillary prominences differentially expressed - BETA3, HAND2, and MSX2.		** Mandibular/maxillary prominences differentially expressed - BETA3, HAND2, and MSX2.


	==Chicken Skin==		==Chicken Skin==

Z8600021 at 05:11, 16 July 2018

2018-07-16T05:11:18Z

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			* '''Review - The {{chicken}} {{limb}} - embryology, genetics and teratology'''{{#pmid:29616743\|PMID29616743}} "The chick embryo has a long history in investigations of vertebrate limb development because of the ease with which its limbs can be experimentally manipulated. Early studies elucidated the fundamental embryology of the limb and identified the key signalling regions that govern its development. The chick limb became a leading model for exploring the concept of positional information and understanding how patterns of differentiated cells and tissues develop in vertebrate embryos. When developmentally important molecules began to be identified, experiments in chick limbs were crucial for bridging embryology and molecular biology. The embryological mechanisms and molecular basis of limb development are largely conserved in mammals, including humans, and uncovering these molecular networks provides links to clinical genetics. We emphasise the important contributions of naturally occurring chick mutants to elucidating limb embryology and identifying novel developmentally important genes. In addition, we consider how the chick limb has been used to study mechanisms involved in teratogenesis with a focus on thalidomide. These studies on chick embryos have given insights into how limb defects can be caused by both genetic changes and chemical insults and therefore are of great medical significance." More? {{limb}}

	* '''Divergent axial morphogenesis and early shh expression in vertebrate prospective floor plate'''{{#pmid:29423139\|PMID29423139}} "The notochord has organizer properties and is required for floor plate induction and dorsoventral patterning of the neural tube. This activity has been attributed to sonic hedgehog (shh) signaling, which originates in the notochord, forms a gradient, and autoinduces shh expression in the floor plate. However, reported data are inconsistent and the spatiotemporal development of the relevant shh expression domains has not been studied in detail. We therefore studied the expression dynamics of shh in rabbit, chicken and Xenopus laevis embryos (as well as indian hedgehog and desert hedgehog as possible alternative functional candidates in the chicken). ...While shh expression patterns in rabbit and X. laevis embryos are roughly compatible with the classical view of "ventral to dorsal induction" of the floor plate, the early shh expression in the chick floor plate challenges this model. Intriguingly, this alternative sequence of domain induction is related to the asymmetrical morphogenesis of the primitive node and other axial organs in the chick. Our results indicate that the floor plate in X. laevis and chick embryos may be initially induced by planar interaction within the ectoderm or epiblast. Furthermore, we propose that the mode of the floor plate induction adapts to the variant topography of interacting tissues during gastrulation and notochord formation and thereby reveals evolutionary plasticity of early embryonic induction." [[Developmental_Signals_-_Sonic_hedgehog\|Sonic hedgehog]]		* '''Divergent axial morphogenesis and early shh expression in vertebrate prospective floor plate'''{{#pmid:29423139\|PMID29423139}} "The notochord has organizer properties and is required for floor plate induction and dorsoventral patterning of the neural tube. This activity has been attributed to sonic hedgehog (shh) signaling, which originates in the notochord, forms a gradient, and autoinduces shh expression in the floor plate. However, reported data are inconsistent and the spatiotemporal development of the relevant shh expression domains has not been studied in detail. We therefore studied the expression dynamics of shh in rabbit, chicken and Xenopus laevis embryos (as well as indian hedgehog and desert hedgehog as possible alternative functional candidates in the chicken). ...While shh expression patterns in rabbit and X. laevis embryos are roughly compatible with the classical view of "ventral to dorsal induction" of the floor plate, the early shh expression in the chick floor plate challenges this model. Intriguingly, this alternative sequence of domain induction is related to the asymmetrical morphogenesis of the primitive node and other axial organs in the chick. Our results indicate that the floor plate in X. laevis and chick embryos may be initially induced by planar interaction within the ectoderm or epiblast. Furthermore, we propose that the mode of the floor plate induction adapts to the variant topography of interacting tissues during gastrulation and notochord formation and thereby reveals evolutionary plasticity of early embryonic induction." [[Developmental_Signals_-_Sonic_hedgehog\|Sonic hedgehog]]

	* '''Skin transcriptome reveals the dynamic changes in the Wnt pathway during integument morphogenesis of chick embryos'''{{#pmid:29351308\|PMID29351308}} "Avian species have a unique integument covered with feathers. Skin morphogenesis is a successive and complex process. To date, most studies have focused on a single developmental point or stage. ...Hierarchical clustering showed that E6 to E14 is the critical period of feather follicle morphogenesis. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the DEGs, two kinds of Wnt signaling pathways (a canonical pathway and a non-canonical pathway) changed during feather follicle and feather morphogenesis. The gene expression level of inhibitors and ligands related to the Wnt signaling pathway varied significantly during embryonic development. The results revealed a staggered phase relationship between the canonical pathway and the non-canonical pathway from E9 to E14." [[Integumentary Development]]		* '''Skin transcriptome reveals the dynamic changes in the Wnt pathway during integument morphogenesis of chick embryos'''{{#pmid:29351308\|PMID29351308}} "Avian species have a unique integument covered with feathers. Skin morphogenesis is a successive and complex process. To date, most studies have focused on a single developmental point or stage. ...Hierarchical clustering showed that E6 to E14 is the critical period of feather follicle morphogenesis. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the DEGs, two kinds of Wnt signaling pathways (a canonical pathway and a non-canonical pathway) changed during feather follicle and feather morphogenesis. The gene expression level of inhibitors and ligands related to the Wnt signaling pathway varied significantly during embryonic development. The results revealed a staggered phase relationship between the canonical pathway and the non-canonical pathway from E9 to E14." [[Integumentary Development]]

	* '''FGF8 coordinates tissue elongation and cell epithelialization during early kidney tubulogenesis'''{{#pmid:26130757\|PMID26130757}} "When a tubular structure forms during early embryogenesis, tubular elongation and lumen formation (epithelialization) proceed simultaneously in a spatiotemporally coordinated manner. We here demonstrate, using the Wolffian duct (WD) of early chicken embryos, that this coordination is regulated by the expression of FGF8, which shifts posteriorly during body axis elongation. FGF8 acts as a chemoattractant on the leader cells of the elongating WD and prevents them from epithelialization, whereas static ('rear') cells that receive progressively less FGF8 undergo epithelialization to form a lumen. Thus, FGF8 acts as a binary switch that distinguishes tubular elongation from lumen formation. The posteriorly shifting FGF8 is also known to regulate somite segmentation, suggesting that multiple types of tissue morphogenesis are coordinately regulated by macroscopic changes in body growth." [[Developmental Signals - Fibroblast Growth Factor\|Fibroblast Growth Factor]] \| [[Renal System Development]]

	* '''4D fluorescent imaging of embryonic quail development'''{{#pmid:22046043\|PMID22046043}} "Traditionally, our understanding of developmental biology has been based on the fixation and study of embryonic samples. Detailed microscopic scrutiny of static specimens at varying ages allowed for anatomical assessment of tissue development. The advent of confocal and two-photon excitation (2PE) microscopy enables researchers to acquire volumetric images in three dimensions (x, y, and z) plus time (t). Here, we present techniques for acquisition and analysis of three-dimensional (3D) time-lapse data. Both confocal microscopy and 2PE microscopy techniques are used. Data processing for tiled image stitching and time-lapse analysis is also discussed. The development of a transgenic Japanese quail system, as discussed here, has provided an embryonic model that is more easily accessible than mammalian models and more efficient to breed than the classic avian model, the chicken."
	\|}		\|}
	{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"		{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
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			{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
			! Older papers
			\|-
			\|
			* '''FGF8 coordinates tissue elongation and cell epithelialization during early kidney tubulogenesis'''{{#pmid:26130757\|PMID26130757}} "When a tubular structure forms during early embryogenesis, tubular elongation and lumen formation (epithelialization) proceed simultaneously in a spatiotemporally coordinated manner. We here demonstrate, using the Wolffian duct (WD) of early chicken embryos, that this coordination is regulated by the expression of FGF8, which shifts posteriorly during body axis elongation. FGF8 acts as a chemoattractant on the leader cells of the elongating WD and prevents them from epithelialization, whereas static ('rear') cells that receive progressively less FGF8 undergo epithelialization to form a lumen. Thus, FGF8 acts as a binary switch that distinguishes tubular elongation from lumen formation. The posteriorly shifting FGF8 is also known to regulate somite segmentation, suggesting that multiple types of tissue morphogenesis are coordinately regulated by macroscopic changes in body growth." [[Developmental Signals - Fibroblast Growth Factor\|Fibroblast Growth Factor]] \| [[Renal System Development]]

			* '''4D fluorescent imaging of embryonic quail development'''{{#pmid:22046043\|PMID22046043}} "Traditionally, our understanding of developmental biology has been based on the fixation and study of embryonic samples. Detailed microscopic scrutiny of static specimens at varying ages allowed for anatomical assessment of tissue development. The advent of confocal and two-photon excitation (2PE) microscopy enables researchers to acquire volumetric images in three dimensions (x, y, and z) plus time (t). Here, we present techniques for acquisition and analysis of three-dimensional (3D) time-lapse data. Both confocal microscopy and 2PE microscopy techniques are used. Data processing for tiled image stitching and time-lapse analysis is also discussed. The development of a transgenic Japanese quail system, as discussed here, has provided an embryonic model that is more easily accessible than mammalian models and more efficient to breed than the classic avian model, the chicken."
			\|}
	== Gallus gallus ==		== Gallus gallus ==
	Taxonomy Id: 9031		Taxonomy Id: 9031