Cardiovascular System - Lymphatic Development - Revision history

Z8600021 at 00:56, 19 Haziran 2020

2020-06-19T00:56:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:56, 19 Haziran 2020
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			* '''MAFB Modulates the Maturation of Lymphatic Vascular Networks in Mice'''{{#pmid:32525258\|PMID32525258}} "Lymphatic vessels play key roles in tissue fluid homeostasis, immune cell trafficking and in diverse disease settings. Lymphangiogenesis requires lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) differentiation, proliferation, migration and co-ordinated network formation, yet the transcriptional regulators underpinning these processes remain to be fully understood. The transcription factor MAFB was recently identified as essential for lymphangiogenesis in {{zebrafish}} and in cultured human LECs. MAFB is activated in response to {{VEGF}}C-VEGFR3 signalling and acts as a downstream effector. However, it remains unclear if the role of MAFB in lymphatic development is conserved in the mammalian embryo. We generated a Mafb loss-of-function mouse using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Mafb mutant mice presented with perinatal lethality associated with cyanosis. Mafb mutant lymphatics were normal during initial LEC differentiation and sprouting. However, we identify a role for MAFB in modifying lymphatic network morphogenesis in the developing dermis, as well as developing and postnatal diaphragm. Furthermore, mutant vessels displayed excessive smooth muscle cell coverage, suggestive of a defect in the maturation of lymphatic networks."

	* '''Paraxial Mesoderm Is the Major Source of Lymphatic Endothelium'''{{#pmid:31130354\|PMID31130354}} " Endothelial cells (ECs), which line blood and lymphatic vessels, are generally described to come from the lateral plate mesoderm despite experimental evidence for a broader source of origin, including the paraxial mesoderm (PXM). Current dogma suggests that following specification from mesoderm, local environmental cues establish the distinct molecular and functional characteristics of ECs in different vascular beds. Here we present evidence to challenge this view, showing that lymphatic EC fate is imprinted during transition through the PXM lineage. We show that PXM-derived cells form the lymphatic endothelium of multiple organs and tissues, with a more restricted contribution to blood vessel endothelium. By deleting Prox1 specifically in PXM-derived cells, we show that this lineage is indispensable for lymphatic vessel development. Collectively, our data establish lineage history as a critical determinant of EC specialization, a finding with broad implications for our understanding of vascular development and heterogeneity."		* '''Paraxial Mesoderm Is the Major Source of Lymphatic Endothelium'''{{#pmid:31130354\|PMID31130354}} " Endothelial cells (ECs), which line blood and lymphatic vessels, are generally described to come from the lateral plate mesoderm despite experimental evidence for a broader source of origin, including the paraxial mesoderm (PXM). Current dogma suggests that following specification from mesoderm, local environmental cues establish the distinct molecular and functional characteristics of ECs in different vascular beds. Here we present evidence to challenge this view, showing that lymphatic EC fate is imprinted during transition through the PXM lineage. We show that PXM-derived cells form the lymphatic endothelium of multiple organs and tissues, with a more restricted contribution to blood vessel endothelium. By deleting Prox1 specifically in PXM-derived cells, we show that this lineage is indispensable for lymphatic vessel development. Collectively, our data establish lineage history as a critical determinant of EC specialization, a finding with broad implications for our understanding of vascular development and heterogeneity."

Z8600021 at 00:52, 19 Haziran 2020

2020-06-19T00:52:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:52, 19 Haziran 2020
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	* '''Review - Key molecules in lymphatic development, function, and identification'''{{#pmid:29842991\|PMID29842991}} "While both blood and lymphatic vessels transport fluids and thus share many similarities, they also show functional and structural differences, which can be used to differentiate them. Specific visualization of lymphatic vessels has historically been and still is a pivot point in lymphatic research. Many of the proteins that are investigated by molecular biologists in lymphatic research have been defined as marker molecules, i.e. to visualize and distinguish lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) from other cell types, most notably from blood vascular endothelial cells (BECs) and cells of the hematopoietic lineage. Among the factors that drive the developmental differentiation of lymphatic structures from venous endothelium, Prospero homeobox protein 1 (PROX1) is the master transcriptional regulator. PROX1 maintains lymphatic identity also in the adult organism and thus is a universal LEC marker. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) is the major tyrosine kinase receptor that drives LEC proliferation and migration. The major activator for VEGFR-3 is vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C). However, before VEGF-C can signal, it needs to be proteolytically activated by an extracellular protein complex comprised of Collagen and calcium binding EGF domains 1 (CCBE1) protein and the protease A disintegrin and metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 3 (ADAMTS3)."		* '''Review - Key molecules in lymphatic development, function, and identification'''{{#pmid:29842991\|PMID29842991}} "While both blood and lymphatic vessels transport fluids and thus share many similarities, they also show functional and structural differences, which can be used to differentiate them. Specific visualization of lymphatic vessels has historically been and still is a pivot point in lymphatic research. Many of the proteins that are investigated by molecular biologists in lymphatic research have been defined as marker molecules, i.e. to visualize and distinguish lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) from other cell types, most notably from blood vascular endothelial cells (BECs) and cells of the hematopoietic lineage. Among the factors that drive the developmental differentiation of lymphatic structures from venous endothelium, Prospero homeobox protein 1 (PROX1) is the master transcriptional regulator. PROX1 maintains lymphatic identity also in the adult organism and thus is a universal LEC marker. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) is the major tyrosine kinase receptor that drives LEC proliferation and migration. The major activator for VEGFR-3 is vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C). However, before VEGF-C can signal, it needs to be proteolytically activated by an extracellular protein complex comprised of Collagen and calcium binding EGF domains 1 (CCBE1) protein and the protease A disintegrin and metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 3 (ADAMTS3)."

	* '''Development of the mammalian lymphatic vasculature'''{{#pmid:24590273\|PMID24590273}} "The two vascular systems of our body are the blood and lymphatic vasculature. Our understanding of the cellular and molecular processes controlling the development of the lymphatic vasculature has progressed significantly in the last decade. In mammals, this is a stepwise process that starts in the embryonic veins, where lymphatic EC (LEC) progenitors are initially specified. The differentiation and maturation of these progenitors continues as they bud from the veins to produce scattered primitive lymph sacs, from which most of the lymphatic vasculature is derived. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the key steps leading to the formation of a functional lymphatic vasculature."

	\|}		\|}
	{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"		{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
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	\|-		\|-
	\| {{Older papers}}		\| {{Older papers}}
			* '''Development of the mammalian lymphatic vasculature'''{{#pmid:24590273\|PMID24590273}} "The two vascular systems of our body are the blood and lymphatic vasculature. Our understanding of the cellular and molecular processes controlling the development of the lymphatic vasculature has progressed significantly in the last decade. In mammals, this is a stepwise process that starts in the embryonic veins, where lymphatic EC (LEC) progenitors are initially specified. The differentiation and maturation of these progenitors continues as they bud from the veins to produce scattered primitive lymph sacs, from which most of the lymphatic vasculature is derived. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the key steps leading to the formation of a functional lymphatic vasculature."


	* '''prox1b Activity is essential in zebrafish lymphangiogenesis'''{{#pmid:20976189\|PMID20976189}} "The lymphatic vascular system, draining interstitial fluids from most tissues and organs, exerts crucial functions in several physiological and pathological processes. Lymphatic system development depends on Prox1, the first marker to be expressed in the endothelial cells of the cardinal vein from where lymph vessels originate."		* '''prox1b Activity is essential in zebrafish lymphangiogenesis'''{{#pmid:20976189\|PMID20976189}} "The lymphatic vascular system, draining interstitial fluids from most tissues and organs, exerts crucial functions in several physiological and pathological processes. Lymphatic system development depends on Prox1, the first marker to be expressed in the endothelial cells of the cardinal vein from where lymph vessels originate."

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	{{Footer}}		{{Footer}}
			[[Category:Lymphatic]]
	[[Category:Cardiovascular]] [[Category:Immune]]		[[Category:Cardiovascular]] [[Category:Immune]]

Z8600021 at 01:18, 25 February 2020

2020-02-25T01:18:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:18, 25 February 2020
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	This system was first identified by Aselli G. (1627) in a paper "''De Lacteibus sive Lacteis Venis''", Quarto Vasorum Mesarai corum Genere novo invento. Milan: Mediolani. Then postulated by Sabin (1902)<ref>{{Ref-Sabin1902a}}</ref> as venous in origin, it required a recent 2007 lineage tracing study to confirm this theory.{{#pmid:17908929\|PMID17908929}} Only vertebrates possess a true lymphatic vascular system, with primitive fish possessing a lymphatic-like secondary vascular system that also contains blood. Clinically, important for roles in immune surveillance and oncogenic (cancer) processes.		This system was first identified by Aselli G. (1627) in a paper "''De Lacteibus sive Lacteis Venis''", Quarto Vasorum Mesarai corum Genere novo invento. Milan: Mediolani. Then postulated by Sabin (1902)<ref>{{Ref-Sabin1902a}}</ref> as venous in origin, it required a recent 2007 lineage tracing study to confirm this theory.{{#pmid:17908929\|PMID17908929}} Only vertebrates possess a true lymphatic vascular system, with primitive fish possessing a lymphatic-like secondary vascular system that also contains blood. Clinically, important for roles in immune surveillance and oncogenic (cancer) processes.

			{{Lymphatic Vignette}}
	<br>		<br>
	{{Immune Links}}		{{Immune Links}}

Z8600021 at 00:53, 25 February 2020

2020-02-25T00:53:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:53, 25 February 2020
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	This system was first identified by Aselli G. (1627) in a paper "''De Lacteibus sive Lacteis Venis''", Quarto Vasorum Mesarai corum Genere novo invento. Milan: Mediolani. Then postulated by Sabin (1902)<ref>{{Ref-~~Sabin1902~~}}~~Sabin, F. R. '''On the origin of the lymphatic system from the veins and the development of the lymph hearts and thoracic duct in the pig.''' (1902) Am. J. Anat. 1, 367-389.~~</ref> as venous in origin, it required a recent 2007 lineage tracing study to confirm this theory.{{#pmid:17908929\|PMID17908929}} Only vertebrates possess a true lymphatic vascular system, with primitive fish possessing a lymphatic-like secondary vascular system that also contains blood. Clinically, important for roles in immune surveillance and oncogenic (cancer) processes.		This system was first identified by Aselli G. (1627) in a paper "''De Lacteibus sive Lacteis Venis''", Quarto Vasorum Mesarai corum Genere novo invento. Milan: Mediolani. Then postulated by Sabin (1902)<ref>{{Ref-Sabin1902a}}</ref> as venous in origin, it required a recent 2007 lineage tracing study to confirm this theory.{{#pmid:17908929\|PMID17908929}} Only vertebrates possess a true lymphatic vascular system, with primitive fish possessing a lymphatic-like secondary vascular system that also contains blood. Clinically, important for roles in immune surveillance and oncogenic (cancer) processes.
	<br>		<br>
	{{Immune Links}}		{{Immune Links}}

Z8600021 at 00:49, 25 February 2020

2020-02-25T00:49:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:49, 25 February 2020
Line 7:		Line 7:


	This system was first identified by Aselli G. (1627) in a paper "''De Lacteibus sive Lacteis Venis''", Quarto Vasorum Mesarai corum Genere novo invento. Milan: Mediolani. Then postulated by Sabin (1902)<ref>Sabin, F. R. '''On the origin of the lymphatic system from the veins and the development of the lymph hearts and thoracic duct in the pig.''' (1902) Am. J. Anat. 1, 367-389.</ref> as venous in origin, it required a recent 2007 lineage tracing study to confirm this theory.{{#pmid:17908929\|PMID17908929}} Only vertebrates possess a true lymphatic vascular system, with primitive fish possessing a lymphatic-like secondary vascular system that also contains blood. Clinically, important for roles in immune surveillance and oncogenic (cancer) processes.		This system was first identified by Aselli G. (1627) in a paper "''De Lacteibus sive Lacteis Venis''", Quarto Vasorum Mesarai corum Genere novo invento. Milan: Mediolani. Then postulated by Sabin (1902)<ref>{{Ref-Sabin1902}}Sabin, F. R. '''On the origin of the lymphatic system from the veins and the development of the lymph hearts and thoracic duct in the pig.''' (1902) Am. J. Anat. 1, 367-389.</ref> as venous in origin, it required a recent 2007 lineage tracing study to confirm this theory.{{#pmid:17908929\|PMID17908929}} Only vertebrates possess a true lymphatic vascular system, with primitive fish possessing a lymphatic-like secondary vascular system that also contains blood. Clinically, important for roles in immune surveillance and oncogenic (cancer) processes.
	<br>		<br>
	{{Immune Links}}		{{Immune Links}}
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	[[File:Lymphatic microvasculature model.jpg]]		[[File:Lymphatic microvasculature model.jpg]]

	'''Lymphatic microvasculature model'''~~<ref><pubmed>~~14581448~~</pubmed>~~\| ~~[http://jcb.rupress.org/content/163/2/209.long JCB]</ref>~~		'''Lymphatic microvasculature model'''{{#pmid:14581448\|PMID14581448}}

	==Lymphatic Vessel Development==		==Lymphatic Vessel Development==
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	Tunneling model of lymphatic vessel formation.		Tunneling model of lymphatic vessel formation.
	\| valign="top"\|The model shown here is from a recent paper~~<ref><pubmed>~~21702933~~</pubmed>\| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3141733 PMC3141733]~~ \| ~~[http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2121/12/29 BMC Cell Biol.]~~		\| valign="top"\|The model shown here is from a recent paper{{#pmid:21702933\|PMID21702933}} and is based on ultrastructural observations performed in in vitro and in vivo models of lymphangiogenesis. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) display tight junctions and interdigitations, and are connected to the surrounding collagen fibers by anchoring filaments.
	~~</ref>~~ and is based on ultrastructural observations performed in in vitro and in vivo models of lymphangiogenesis. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) display tight junctions and interdigitations, and are connected to the surrounding collagen fibers by anchoring filaments.

	Note that this postnatal model may differ from developmental lymphatic vessel development.		Note that this postnatal model may differ from developmental lymphatic vessel development.
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	[[File:Lymphatic_vasculature_01.jpg\|600px]]		[[File:Lymphatic_vasculature_01.jpg\|600px]]

	Lymphatic Vasculature Organization~~<ref name=PMID21576390><pubmed>~~21576390~~</pubmed>~~\| ~~[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3166860 PMC3166860] \| [http://jcb.rupress.org/content/193/4/607 J Cell Biol.]</ref>~~		Lymphatic Vasculature Organization{{#pmid:21576390\|PMID21576390}}

	==Molecular Development==		==Molecular Development==
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	==Abnormalities==		==Abnormalities==

	===Lymphangioma===		===Lymphangioma===

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	===Reviews===		===Reviews===

	~~<pubmed>~~18519960~~</pubmed>~~		{{#pmid:18519960}}
	~~<pubmed>~~17036631~~</pubmed>~~
	~~<pubmed>~~16212503~~</pubmed>~~		{{#pmid:17036631}}
	~~<pubmed>~~15293565~~</pubmed>~~
	~~<pubmed>~~14704766~~</pubmed>~~		{{#pmid:16212503}}
	~~<pubmed>~~12543725~~</pubmed>~~
			{{#pmid:15293565}}

			{{#pmid:14704766}}

			{{#pmid:12543725}}

	===Articles===		===Articles===
	~~<pubmed>~~19056883~~</pubmed>~~		{{#pmid:31818858}}
	~~<pubmed>~~17908929~~</pubmed>~~
	~~<pubmed>~~17202268~~</pubmed>~~		{{#pmid:19056883}}
	~~<pubmed>~~16291864~~</pubmed>~~
	~~<pubmed>~~16877368~~</pubmed>~~		{{#pmid:17908929}}
	~~<pubmed>~~11937485~~</pubmed>~~
			{{#pmid:17202268}}

			{{#pmid:16291864}}

			{{#pmid:16877368}}

			{{#pmid:11937485}}

Z8600021 at 12:59, 3 Haziran 2019

2019-06-03T12:59:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:59, 3 Haziran 2019
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	\|		\|
	* '''Paraxial Mesoderm Is the Major Source of Lymphatic Endothelium'''{{#pmid:31130354\|PMID31130354}} " Endothelial cells (ECs), which line blood and lymphatic vessels, are generally described to come from the lateral plate mesoderm despite experimental evidence for a broader source of origin, including the paraxial mesoderm (PXM). Current dogma suggests that following specification from mesoderm, local environmental cues establish the distinct molecular and functional characteristics of ECs in different vascular beds. Here we present evidence to challenge this view, showing that lymphatic EC fate is imprinted during transition through the PXM lineage. We show that PXM-derived cells form the lymphatic endothelium of multiple organs and tissues, with a more restricted contribution to blood vessel endothelium. By deleting Prox1 specifically in PXM-derived cells, we show that this lineage is indispensable for lymphatic vessel development. Collectively, our data establish lineage history as a critical determinant of EC specialization, a finding with broad implications for our understanding of vascular development and heterogeneity."		* '''Paraxial Mesoderm Is the Major Source of Lymphatic Endothelium'''{{#pmid:31130354\|PMID31130354}} " Endothelial cells (ECs), which line blood and lymphatic vessels, are generally described to come from the lateral plate mesoderm despite experimental evidence for a broader source of origin, including the paraxial mesoderm (PXM). Current dogma suggests that following specification from mesoderm, local environmental cues establish the distinct molecular and functional characteristics of ECs in different vascular beds. Here we present evidence to challenge this view, showing that lymphatic EC fate is imprinted during transition through the PXM lineage. We show that PXM-derived cells form the lymphatic endothelium of multiple organs and tissues, with a more restricted contribution to blood vessel endothelium. By deleting Prox1 specifically in PXM-derived cells, we show that this lineage is indispensable for lymphatic vessel development. Collectively, our data establish lineage history as a critical determinant of EC specialization, a finding with broad implications for our understanding of vascular development and heterogeneity."

			* '''Review - Key molecules in lymphatic development, function, and identification'''{{#pmid:29842991\|PMID29842991}} "While both blood and lymphatic vessels transport fluids and thus share many similarities, they also show functional and structural differences, which can be used to differentiate them. Specific visualization of lymphatic vessels has historically been and still is a pivot point in lymphatic research. Many of the proteins that are investigated by molecular biologists in lymphatic research have been defined as marker molecules, i.e. to visualize and distinguish lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) from other cell types, most notably from blood vascular endothelial cells (BECs) and cells of the hematopoietic lineage. Among the factors that drive the developmental differentiation of lymphatic structures from venous endothelium, Prospero homeobox protein 1 (PROX1) is the master transcriptional regulator. PROX1 maintains lymphatic identity also in the adult organism and thus is a universal LEC marker. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) is the major tyrosine kinase receptor that drives LEC proliferation and migration. The major activator for VEGFR-3 is vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C). However, before VEGF-C can signal, it needs to be proteolytically activated by an extracellular protein complex comprised of Collagen and calcium binding EGF domains 1 (CCBE1) protein and the protease A disintegrin and metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 3 (ADAMTS3)."

	* '''Development of the mammalian lymphatic vasculature'''{{#pmid:24590273\|PMID24590273}} "The two vascular systems of our body are the blood and lymphatic vasculature. Our understanding of the cellular and molecular processes controlling the development of the lymphatic vasculature has progressed significantly in the last decade. In mammals, this is a stepwise process that starts in the embryonic veins, where lymphatic EC (LEC) progenitors are initially specified. The differentiation and maturation of these progenitors continues as they bud from the veins to produce scattered primitive lymph sacs, from which most of the lymphatic vasculature is derived. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the key steps leading to the formation of a functional lymphatic vasculature."		* '''Development of the mammalian lymphatic vasculature'''{{#pmid:24590273\|PMID24590273}} "The two vascular systems of our body are the blood and lymphatic vasculature. Our understanding of the cellular and molecular processes controlling the development of the lymphatic vasculature has progressed significantly in the last decade. In mammals, this is a stepwise process that starts in the embryonic veins, where lymphatic EC (LEC) progenitors are initially specified. The differentiation and maturation of these progenitors continues as they bud from the veins to produce scattered primitive lymph sacs, from which most of the lymphatic vasculature is derived. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the key steps leading to the formation of a functional lymphatic vasculature."

	* '''prox1b Activity is essential in zebrafish lymphangiogenesis'''{{#pmid:20976189\|PMID20976189}} "The lymphatic vascular system, draining interstitial fluids from most tissues and organs, exerts crucial functions in several physiological and pathological processes. Lymphatic system development depends on Prox1, the first marker to be expressed in the endothelial cells of the cardinal vein from where lymph vessels originate."

	\|}		\|}
Line 37:		Line 37:
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{Older papers}}		\| {{Older papers}}
			* '''prox1b Activity is essential in zebrafish lymphangiogenesis'''{{#pmid:20976189\|PMID20976189}} "The lymphatic vascular system, draining interstitial fluids from most tissues and organs, exerts crucial functions in several physiological and pathological processes. Lymphatic system development depends on Prox1, the first marker to be expressed in the endothelial cells of the cardinal vein from where lymph vessels originate."

	* '''Lineage tracing demonstrates the venous origin of the mammalian lymphatic vasculature'''{{#pmid:17908929\|PMID17908929}} "These studies, together with the analysis of Runx1-mutant embryos lacking definitive hematopoiesis, conclusively determined that from venous-derived lymph sacs, lymphatic endothelial cells sprouted, proliferated, and migrated to give rise to the entire lymphatic vasculature, and that hematopoietic cells did not contribute to the developing lymph sacs. We conclude that the mammalian lymphatic system has a solely venous origin."		* '''Lineage tracing demonstrates the venous origin of the mammalian lymphatic vasculature'''{{#pmid:17908929\|PMID17908929}} "These studies, together with the analysis of Runx1-mutant embryos lacking definitive hematopoiesis, conclusively determined that from venous-derived lymph sacs, lymphatic endothelial cells sprouted, proliferated, and migrated to give rise to the entire lymphatic vasculature, and that hematopoietic cells did not contribute to the developing lymph sacs. We conclude that the mammalian lymphatic system has a solely venous origin."

Z8600021 at 12:56, 3 Haziran 2019

2019-06-03T12:56:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:56, 3 Haziran 2019
Line 7:		Line 7:


	This system was first identified by Aselli G. (1627) in a paper "''De Lacteibus sive Lacteis Venis''", Quarto Vasorum Mesarai corum Genere novo invento. Milan: Mediolani. Then postulated by Sabin (1902)<ref>Sabin, F. R. '''On the origin of the lymphatic system from the veins and the development of the lymph hearts and thoracic duct in the pig.''' (1902) Am. J. Anat. 1, 367-389.</ref> as venous in origin, it required a recent 2007 lineage tracing study to confirm this theory.~~<ref name="~~PMID17908929~~"><pubmed>17908929</pubmed></ref>~~ Only vertebrates possess a true lymphatic vascular system, with primitive fish possessing a lymphatic-like secondary vascular system that also contains blood. Clinically, important for roles in immune surveillance and oncogenic (cancer) processes.		This system was first identified by Aselli G. (1627) in a paper "''De Lacteibus sive Lacteis Venis''", Quarto Vasorum Mesarai corum Genere novo invento. Milan: Mediolani. Then postulated by Sabin (1902)<ref>Sabin, F. R. '''On the origin of the lymphatic system from the veins and the development of the lymph hearts and thoracic duct in the pig.''' (1902) Am. J. Anat. 1, 367-389.</ref> as venous in origin, it required a recent 2007 lineage tracing study to confirm this theory.{{#pmid:17908929\|PMID17908929}} Only vertebrates possess a true lymphatic vascular system, with primitive fish possessing a lymphatic-like secondary vascular system that also contains blood. Clinically, important for roles in immune surveillance and oncogenic (cancer) processes.
			<br>
	{{Immune Links}}		{{Immune Links}}

			<br>
	:{{Heart Links}}		{{Heart Links}}

	==Some Recent Findings==		==Some Recent Findings==
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	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\|		\|
	* '''Development of the mammalian lymphatic vasculature'''~~<ref name=~~PMID24590273~~><pubmed>24590273</pubmed></ref>~~ "The two vascular systems of our body are the blood and lymphatic vasculature. Our understanding of the cellular and molecular processes controlling the development of the lymphatic vasculature has progressed significantly in the last decade. In mammals, this is a stepwise process that starts in the embryonic veins, where lymphatic EC (LEC) progenitors are initially specified. The differentiation and maturation of these progenitors continues as they bud from the veins to produce scattered primitive lymph sacs, from which most of the lymphatic vasculature is derived. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the key steps leading to the formation of a functional lymphatic vasculature."		* '''Paraxial Mesoderm Is the Major Source of Lymphatic Endothelium'''{{#pmid:31130354\|PMID31130354}} " Endothelial cells (ECs), which line blood and lymphatic vessels, are generally described to come from the lateral plate mesoderm despite experimental evidence for a broader source of origin, including the paraxial mesoderm (PXM). Current dogma suggests that following specification from mesoderm, local environmental cues establish the distinct molecular and functional characteristics of ECs in different vascular beds. Here we present evidence to challenge this view, showing that lymphatic EC fate is imprinted during transition through the PXM lineage. We show that PXM-derived cells form the lymphatic endothelium of multiple organs and tissues, with a more restricted contribution to blood vessel endothelium. By deleting Prox1 specifically in PXM-derived cells, we show that this lineage is indispensable for lymphatic vessel development. Collectively, our data establish lineage history as a critical determinant of EC specialization, a finding with broad implications for our understanding of vascular development and heterogeneity."
	* '''prox1b Activity is essential in zebrafish lymphangiogenesis'''~~<ref><pubmed>~~20976189~~</pubmed></ref>~~ "The lymphatic vascular system, draining interstitial fluids from most tissues and organs, exerts crucial functions in several physiological and pathological processes. Lymphatic system development depends on Prox1, the first marker to be expressed in the endothelial cells of the cardinal vein from where lymph vessels originate."
	* '''Lineage tracing demonstrates the venous origin of the mammalian lymphatic vasculature'''<ref name="PMID17908929"><pubmed>17908929</pubmed></ref> "These studies, together with the analysis of Runx1-mutant embryos lacking definitive hematopoiesis, conclusively determined that from venous-derived lymph sacs, lymphatic endothelial cells sprouted, proliferated, and migrated to give rise to the entire lymphatic vasculature, and that hematopoietic cells did not contribute to the developing lymph sacs. We conclude that the mammalian lymphatic system has a solely venous origin."		* '''Development of the mammalian lymphatic vasculature'''{{#pmid:24590273\|PMID24590273}} "The two vascular systems of our body are the blood and lymphatic vasculature. Our understanding of the cellular and molecular processes controlling the development of the lymphatic vasculature has progressed significantly in the last decade. In mammals, this is a stepwise process that starts in the embryonic veins, where lymphatic EC (LEC) progenitors are initially specified. The differentiation and maturation of these progenitors continues as they bud from the veins to produce scattered primitive lymph sacs, from which most of the lymphatic vasculature is derived. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the key steps leading to the formation of a functional lymphatic vasculature."
	* '''The lymphatic vasculature: recent progress and paradigms'''<ref><pubmed>16212503</pubmed></ref> "The field of lymphatic research has been recently invigorated by the identification of genes and mechanisms that control various aspects of lymphatic development. We are beginning to understand how, starting from a subgroup of embryonic venous endothelial cells, the whole lymphatic system forms in a stepwise manner. The generation of genetically engineered mice with defects in different steps of the lymphangiogenic program has provided models that are increasing our understanding of the lymphatic system in health and disease."
			* '''prox1b Activity is essential in zebrafish lymphangiogenesis'''{{#pmid:20976189\|PMID20976189}} "The lymphatic vascular system, draining interstitial fluids from most tissues and organs, exerts crucial functions in several physiological and pathological processes. Lymphatic system development depends on Prox1, the first marker to be expressed in the endothelial cells of the cardinal vein from where lymph vessels originate."

	\|}		\|}
			{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
			! More recent papers
			\|-
			\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

			Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Lymphatic+Development ''Lymphatic Development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Lymphatic+Vessel+Development ''Lymphatic Vessel Development'']

			\|}
			{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
			! Older papers
			\|-
			\| {{Older papers}}
			* '''Lineage tracing demonstrates the venous origin of the mammalian lymphatic vasculature'''{{#pmid:17908929\|PMID17908929}} "These studies, together with the analysis of Runx1-mutant embryos lacking definitive hematopoiesis, conclusively determined that from venous-derived lymph sacs, lymphatic endothelial cells sprouted, proliferated, and migrated to give rise to the entire lymphatic vasculature, and that hematopoietic cells did not contribute to the developing lymph sacs. We conclude that the mammalian lymphatic system has a solely venous origin."

			* '''The lymphatic vasculature: recent progress and paradigms'''{{#pmid:16212503\|PMID16212503}} "The field of lymphatic research has been recently invigorated by the identification of genes and mechanisms that control various aspects of lymphatic development. We are beginning to understand how, starting from a subgroup of embryonic venous endothelial cells, the whole lymphatic system forms in a stepwise manner. The generation of genetically engineered mice with defects in different steps of the lymphangiogenic program has provided models that are increasing our understanding of the lymphatic system in health and disease."
			\|}
	==Lymphatic Vessels==		==Lymphatic Vessels==
	[[File:Lymphatic capillary.jpg\|thumb\|Lymph capillary]]		[[File:Lymphatic capillary.jpg\|thumb\|Lymph capillary]]

Z8600021 at 20:55, 8 Haziran 2015

2015-06-08T20:55:15Z

@@ Line 102: / Line 102: @@
 * smooth muscle fascicles in the septa between the lymphatic spaces
 * lymphoid aggregates in the delicate collagenous stroma
 ==Additional Images==
@@ Line 114: / Line 148: @@
 ===Historic Images===
-{{Historic disclaimer}}
+{{Historic Disclaimer}}
-<gallery title=Gray's Anatomy - Lymphatic>
+<gallery caption="Gray's Anatomy - Lymphatic">
 File:Gray0592.jpg|592 Primary lymph sacs.
 File:Gray0593.jpg|593 Lymph capillaries of the human conjunctiva.
@@ Line 150: / Line 184: @@
 File:Gray0622.jpg|622 Tracheobronchial Lymph Glands
 </gallery>
 == External Links ==

Z8600021 at 20:52, 8 Haziran 2015

2015-06-08T20:52:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:52, 9 Haziran 2015
Line 113:		Line 113:
	</gallery>		</gallery>

	===~~Gray's Anatomy - Lymphatic~~===		===Historic Images===
			{{Historic disclaimer}}

	<gallery>
			<gallery title=Gray's Anatomy - Lymphatic>
	File:Gray0592.jpg\|592 Primary lymph sacs.		File:Gray0592.jpg\|592 Primary lymph sacs.
	File:Gray0593.jpg\|593 Lymph capillaries of the human conjunctiva.		File:Gray0593.jpg\|593 Lymph capillaries of the human conjunctiva.

Z8600021 at 02:17, 26 February 2015

2015-02-26T02:17:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:17, 26 February 2015
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{Header}}
	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
	[[File:Sabin1909_fig11.jpg\|thumb\|'''Human embryo''' (23 mm) mesenteric sac and cisterna chyli]]		[[File:Sabin1909_fig11.jpg\|thumb\|'''Human embryo''' (23 mm) mesenteric sac and cisterna chyli]]