Cardiovascular System - Developmental Shunts - Revision history

Z8600021 at 03:22, 17 September 2015

2015-09-17T03:22:28Z

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 <div style="background:#F5FFFA; border: 1px solid #CEF2E0; padding: 1em; margin: auto; width: 98%; float:left;"><div style="margin:0;background-color:#cef2e0;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:left;color:#000;padding-left:0.4em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.2em;">Notice - Mark Hill</div>Currently this page is only a template and will be updated (this notice removed when completed).</div>
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-:{{Template:Heart Links}}
+{{Heart Links}}
 ==Some Recent Findings==
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 * '''Prenatal cardiovascular shunts in amniotic vertebrates'''<ref><pubmed>21513818</pubmed></ref> "During amniotic vertebrate development, the embryo and fetus employ a number of cardiovascular shunts. These shunts provide a right-to-left shunt of blood and are essential components of embryonic life ensuring proper blood circulation to developing organs and fetal gas exchanger, as well as bypassing the pulmonary circuit and the unventilated, fluid filled lungs. In this review we examine and compare the embryonic shunts available for fetal mammals and embryonic reptiles, including lizards, crocodilians, and birds. These groups have either a single ductus arteriosus (mammals) or paired ductus arteriosi that provide a right-to-left shunt of right ventricular output away from the unventilated lungs. The mammalian foramen ovale and the avian atrial foramina function as a right-to-left shunt of blood between the atria. The presence of atrial shunts in non-avian reptiles is unknown. Mammals have a venous shunt, the ductus venosus that diverts umbilical venous return away from the liver and towards the inferior vena cava and foramen ovale. Reptiles do not have a ductus venosus during the latter two thirds of development. While the fetal shunts are well characterized in numerous mammalian species, much less is known about the developmental physiology of the reptilian embryonic shunts. In the last years, the reactivity and the process of closure of the ductus arteriosus have been characterized in the chicken and the emu. In contrast, much less is known about embryonic shunts in the non-avian reptiles. It is possible that the single ventricle found in lizards, snakes, and turtles and the origin of the left aorta in the crocodilians play a significant role in the right-to-left embryonic shunt in these species."
 * '''Preferential streaming of the ductus venosus and inferior caval vein towards the right heart is associated with left heart underdevelopment in human fetuses with left-sided diaphragmatic hernia'''<ref><pubmed>20702536</pubmed></ref> "Left heart underdevelopment is commonly observed in fetuses with left diaphragmatic hernia. This finding has been attributed to compression of the left atrium by herniated abdominal organs, redistribution of fetal cardiac output and/or low pulmonary venous return. As preferential right or left heart underdevelopment is usually not a feature of right diaphragmatic hernia, we searched for an alternative mechanism. Since in normal fetuses the major fraction of left heart filling is provided by the ductus venosus via the inferior caval vein and oval foramen, our study focused in particular on the streaming direction of these structures."
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S8600021: /* Ductus Venosus */

2011-05-06T01:05:11Z

Ductus Venosus

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:05, 6 Mayıs 2011
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	==Ductus Venosus==		==Ductus Venosus==
			The [[V#vitelline\|vitelline]] blood vessel lying within the liver that connects (shunts) the portal and [[U#umbilical vein\|umbilical veins]] to the inferior vena cava and also acts to protect the [[F#fetus\|fetus]] from placental overcirculation.

			Absence can cause [[H#hydrops fetalis\|hydrops fetalis]] and the umbilical vein then drains directly into the inferior vena cava or right atrium.

			Postnatally this shunt functionally closes then structurally closes and degenerates to form it the [[L#ligamentum venosus\|ligamentum venosum]].

	{\|		{\|
	\| [[File:Stage 13 image 075.jpg\|300px]]		\| [[File:Stage 13 image 075.jpg\|300px]]

S8600021: /* Introduction */

2011-05-06T00:03:54Z

Introduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:03, 6 Mayıs 2011
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	==Introduction==		==Introduction==

			[[File:Stage_22_image_083.jpg\|thumb\|300px\| Week 8 Human embryo (stage 22) Ductus Venosus]]

	Before birth there are three identified "shunts" in the mammalian cardiovascular system:		Before birth there are three identified "shunts" in the mammalian cardiovascular system:
	# the foramen ovale, within the heart between the atria		# the foramen ovale, within the heart between the atria

S8600021: /* Foramen Ovale */

2011-05-05T23:56:53Z

Foramen Ovale

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	\|-		\|-
	\| Ostium Primum (week 4, stage 13)		\| Ostium Primum (week 4, stage 13)
	\| Atrial septum )week 8, stage 22)		\| Atrial septum (week 8, stage 22)
	\|}		\|}

S8600021: /* Foramen Ovale */

2011-05-05T23:54:53Z

Foramen Ovale

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	==Foramen Ovale==		==Foramen Ovale==
			{\|
	[[File:Stage 13 image 068.jpg\|300px]]		\| [[File:Stage 13 image 068.jpg\|300px]]
			\| [[File:Stage 22 image 079.jpg\|300px]]
	Ostium Primum (week 4, stage 13)		\|-
			\| Ostium Primum (week 4, stage 13)
			\| Atrial septum )week 8, stage 22)
			\|}

	==Ductus Arteriosus==		==Ductus Arteriosus==

S8600021: /* Introduction */

2011-05-05T23:52:06Z

Introduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:52, 6 Mayıs 2011
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	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
	Before birth there are three identified "shunts" in the cardiovascular system:		Before birth there are three identified "shunts" in the mammalian cardiovascular system:
	# the foramen ovale, within the heart between the atria		# the foramen ovale, within the heart between the atria
	# the ductus arteriosus, within the aortic arch		# the ductus arteriosus, within the aortic arch

S8600021: /* Search PubMed */

2011-05-05T23:49:58Z

Search PubMed

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	'''Search Pubmed:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=foramen%20ovale foramen ovale] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=ductus%20arteriosus ductus arteriosus] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=ductus%20venosus ductus venosus] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=heart%20shunt heart ~~valve development~~] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=cardiovascular%20shunts cardiovascular shunts]		'''Search Pubmed:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=foramen%20ovale foramen ovale] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=ductus%20arteriosus ductus arteriosus] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=ductus%20venosus ductus venosus] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=heart%20shunt heart shunt] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=cardiovascular%20shunts cardiovascular shunts]

S8600021: /* Search PubMed */

2011-05-05T23:48:31Z

Search PubMed

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:48, 6 Mayıs 2011
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	'''Search Pubmed:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=heart%20shunt heart valve development] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=cardiovascular%20shunts cardiovascular shunts]		'''Search Pubmed:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=foramen%20ovale foramen ovale] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=ductus%20arteriosus ductus arteriosus] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=ductus%20venosus ductus venosus] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=heart%20shunt heart valve development] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=cardiovascular%20shunts cardiovascular shunts]

S8600021: /* Patent ductus arteriosus */

2011-05-05T23:45:34Z

Patent ductus arteriosus

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:45, 6 Mayıs 2011
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	[[File:Patent Ductus Arteriosus.jpg\|thumb\|Patent ductus arteriosus]]		[[File:Patent Ductus Arteriosus.jpg\|thumb\|Patent ductus arteriosus]]

	[[File:Patent_ductus_arteriosus_classification.jpg]]		[[File:Patent_ductus_arteriosus_classification.jpg\|600px]]

	Patent ductus arteriosus classification		Patent ductus arteriosus classification

S8600021: /* Atrial Septal Defect */

2011-05-05T23:44:35Z

Atrial Septal Defect

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:44, 6 Mayıs 2011
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	:'''Links:''' Cardiovascular_System_-_Abnormalities#Atrial_Septal_Defects\|Atrial Septal Defects]]		:'''Links:''' [[Cardiovascular_System_-_Abnormalities#Atrial_Septal_Defects\|Atrial Septal Defects]]

	===Patent ductus arteriosus===		===Patent ductus arteriosus===

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:05, 6 Mayıs 2011
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	==Ductus Venosus==		==Ductus Venosus==
			The [[V#vitelline\|vitelline]] blood vessel lying within the liver that connects (shunts) the portal and [[U#umbilical vein\|umbilical veins]] to the inferior vena cava and also acts to protect the [[F#fetus\|fetus]] from placental overcirculation.

			Absence can cause [[H#hydrops fetalis\|hydrops fetalis]] and the umbilical vein then drains directly into the inferior vena cava or right atrium.

			Postnatally this shunt functionally closes then structurally closes and degenerates to form it the [[L#ligamentum venosus\|ligamentum venosum]].

	{\|		{\|
	\| [[File:Stage 13 image 075.jpg\|300px]]		\| [[File:Stage 13 image 075.jpg\|300px]]