Book - Stoehr's Histology 1-3 - Revision history

Z8600021: /* DIGESTIVE TUBE */

2020-04-08T07:09:02Z

DIGESTIVE TUBE

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:09, 8 April 2020
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	~~==DIGESTIVE TUBE==~~

	remain as Meeker s diveriictUum. This is a blind pouch of int		remain as Meeker s diveriictUum. This is a blind pouch of int
	usually less than four inches long but sometimes much longer, found on		usually less than four inches long but sometimes much longer, found on
	the small intestine some four feet from its termination.		the small intestine some four feet from its termination.

			==Digestive Tube==

	Anterior to the yolk stalk the entodermal tube forms successively the		Anterior to the yolk stalk the entodermal tube forms successively the
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	between wnicn is tlie sympathetic plexus myentericus. Beyond the muscularis is the connective tissue tunica adventitia in case the intestinal tube is uncovered by peritonaeum, or the tunica serosa if the peritonaeum is present.		between wnicn is tlie sympathetic plexus myentericus. Beyond the muscularis is the connective tissue tunica adventitia in case the intestinal tube is uncovered by peritonaeum, or the tunica serosa if the peritonaeum is present.
	The following account of the subdivisions of the digestive tube is essentially		The following account of the subdivisions of the digestive tube is essentially
	a description of modifications in these fundamental layers.		a description of modifications in these fundamental layers.

	==Oesophagus==		==Oesophagus==

Z8600021: /* Bronchi and Bronchioles */

2018-04-26T11:18:25Z

Bronchi and Bronchioles

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Z8600021 at 04:54, 7 March 2015

2015-03-07T04:54:55Z

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Z8600021: /* SUPRARENAL GLANDS */

2015-02-19T01:45:30Z

SUPRARENAL GLANDS

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:45, 19 February 2015
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	Blood vessels enter the breast from several sources and form capillaries around the alveoli. Lymphati c y^qspIs are found in the areola, around the sinuses, and in the interlobular tissue. The collecting vessels pass chiefly toward the axilla ; a few penetrate the intercostal spaces toward the sternum. The nerves are like those of sweat glands.		Blood vessels enter the breast from several sources and form capillaries around the alveoli. Lymphati c y^qspIs are found in the areola, around the sinuses, and in the interlobular tissue. The collecting vessels pass chiefly toward the axilla ; a few penetrate the intercostal spaces toward the sternum. The nerves are like those of sweat glands.

	==~~SUPRARENAL GLANDS~~==		==Suprarenal Glands==

	The suprarenal glands are two flattened masses of strands of cells,		The suprarenal glands are two flattened masses of strands of cells,
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	medulla is lacking so that the deep portions of the		medulla is lacking so that the deep portions of the
	cortex of the two sides are in contact. The suprarenal glands produce a secretion received by		cortex of the two sides are in contact. The suprarenal glands produce a secretion received by
	the blood (some have said by the lymphatic vessels also). (^^Death follows the removal of the		the blood (some have said by the lymphatic vessels also). (^^Death follows the removal of the glands, and their pathological conditions may be fatal. Intravenous injection of suprarenal extract causes a great rise in blood pressure.

	~~I glands, and their pathological conditions may bÂ©~~

	~~; fatal. Intravenous injection of suprarenal extract~~
	~~causes a great rise in blood pressured~~

	The development of the suprarenal gland indicates a radical difference between the cortex and		The development of the suprarenal gland indicates a radical difference between the cortex and
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	~~Cortex. Medulla. Vein.~~		Fig. 386. Section of the Suprarenal Body op A Child, x 15.

	Fig. 386.~~â€”~~ Section op the
	Suprarenal Body op
	A Child, x 15.


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	about 15 /i in diameter and contain fatjroplets causing the macroscopic		about 15 /i in diameter and contain fatjroplets causing the macroscopic
	yellow appearance. (The drops are especially large in the zona fasciculata		yellow appearance. (The drops are especially large in the zona fasciculata
	(Fig. 388), and are small or even absent in the zona reticularis^ The		(Fig. 388), and are small or even absent in the zona reticularis. The
	dark brown col or of the latter is due to pigment which becomes ~~con~~		dark brown col or of the latter is due to pigment which becomes conspicuous only in the adult. Besides vacuoles the protoplasm of the outer
			cells contains granules; the nuclei of the glomerular zone may be denser
			than those of the fascicular layer. The cell columns are in close relation
			\^thj^e endothelium of the blood vessels. They have no^ basement
			membrane, and are separated from the vessels by a very slight amoimt
			of reticular tissue.




	Fig. 387.~~â€”~~ Section of a Human Suprarenal Gland. X so.		Fig. 387. Section of a Human Suprarenal Gland. X so.



	~~spicuous only in the adult. Besides vacuoles the protoplasm of the outer~~
	~~cells contains granules; the nuclei of the glomerular zone may be denser~~
	~~than those of the fascicular layer. The cell columns are in close relation~~
	~~\^thj^e endothelium of the blood vessels. They have no^ basement~~
	~~membrane, and are separated from the vessels by a very slight amoimt~~
	~~of reticular tissue.~~

	The medullary substance consists of chromaffine cells arranged in		The medullary substance consists of chromaffine cells arranged in
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	~~Cell of Ihe~~
	~~medulla.~~

			Fig. 388. From a Section of the Suprarenal Gland of an Adllt. y 360.

	Fig. 388. ~~â€”~~ From a Section of the Suprarenal
	Gland of an Adllt. y 360.


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	are very few or absent in the		are very few or absent in the
	cortex.		cortex.


	The arteries divide in the		The arteries divide in the
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	there form a long-meshedjcapillary network; toward and		there form a long-meshedjcapillary network; toward and
	within the medulla the meshes become round. Some arteries pass		within the medulla the meshes become round. Some arteries pass
	directly from the capsule to the medulla, without branching in the		directly from the capsule to the medulla, without branching in the cortex. The larger of

	cortex. The larger of
	the numerous veins which		the numerous veins which
	arise in the medulla are		arise in the medulla are
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	medulE)		medulE)

	The numerous		The numerous mostly non - medullated nerve by of which a human suprarenal gland
	mostly non - ~~meduUated~~
	~~nerveSy~~ of which a
	human suprarenal gland
	receives about thirty		receives about thirty
	small bundles, proceed		small bundles, proceed
	chiefly from the coeUac plexus and pass with the arteries from the capsule		chiefly from the coeUac plexus and pass with the arteries from the capsule into the medulla. Branches from the plexus in the capsule descend between




	~~Fic. 389.â€” From an Injected Section of the Suprarenal~~
	~~Gland of a Child, x 50.~~

	into the medulla. Branches from the plexus in the capsule descend between
	the cell groups of the cortex and terminate on the surface of the cells in the		the cell groups of the cortex and terminate on the surface of the cells in the
	two outer zones; they do not enter between the separate cells. The plexus		two outer zones; they do not enter between the separate cells. The plexus
	in the zona reticularis is more abundant, but here also onl y groups of cells		in the zona reticularis is more abundant, but here also onl y groups of cells
	~~arejaiEpM?^- C^^~~ the medulla the nerves are extraordinarily abundant and		are

			the medulla the nerves are extraordinarily abundant and
	each cell is surrounded by fibers) Groups of sympathetic ganglion cells		each cell is surrounded by fibers) Groups of sympathetic ganglion cells
	may be found, but these rarely occur in the cortex. A part of the nerves		may be found, but these rarely occur in the cortex. A part of the nerves
	terminate in the walls of the vessels.		terminate in the walls of the vessels.

	~~In the vicinity of the ductus deferens and in the broad ligament of the~~
	~~uterus, suprarenal bodies may occur, consisting only of cortical substance.~~
	~~Groups of chromaffine cells have been found in relation with the paroophoron and paradidymis.~~



			Fic. 389. From an Injected Section of the Suprarenal Gland of a Child, x 50.



			In the vicinity of the ductus deferens and in the broad ligament of the
			uterus, suprarenal bodies may occur, consisting only of cortical substance.
			Groups of chromaffine cells have been found in relation with the paroophoron and paradidymis.

	==BRAIN AND SENSE ORGANS==		==BRAIN AND SENSE ORGANS==

Z8600021: /* Mammary Glands */

2015-02-19T01:42:51Z

Mammary Glands

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Z8600021: /* Vessels and Nerves of the Skin */

2015-02-19T01:39:00Z

Vessels and Nerves of the Skin

Z8600021: /* Sweat Glands */

2015-02-19T01:38:25Z

Sweat Glands

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:38, 19 February 2015
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	from the praeputium and glans clitoridis.		from the praeputium and glans clitoridis.

	==Sweat Glands==		===Sweat Glands===

	The glanduiae sudoriparae are long unbranched tubes terminating in a simple coil (described by Oliver Wendell Holmes as resembling a		The glanduiae sudoriparae are long unbranched tubes terminating in a simple coil (described by Oliver Wendell Holmes as resembling a
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	Fig. 378.~~â€”~~ Model OF the Coiled		Fig. 378. Model OF the Coiled Part op a Sweat Gland FROM THF. Sole of the Foot. (After Hubcr.)
	Part op a Sweat Gland
	FROM THF. Sole of the
	Foot. (After Hubcr.)


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	A. Duct in		A. Duct in
	cross section.		cross section.



	D. Low epithelium from		D. Low epithelium from
	a coiled tubule.		a coiled tubule.




	Membrana propria.		Membrana propria.



	Muscle fibers.		Muscle fibers.



	Muscle nucleus.		Muscle nucleus.
	Cuticula.		Cuticula.



	Membrana propria.		Membrana propria.
	Muscle fiber.		Muscle fiber.



	B. Columnar epithelium		B. Columnar epithelium
	from the coiled tubule.		from the coiled tubule.



	C. Surface view		C. Surface view
	of the coiled tubule.		of the coiled tubule.



	Cross section of		Cross section of
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	Fig. 379.~~â€”~~ A-D, from a Section of the Skin of the Axilla; E, from the Finger Tip of a Man		Fig. 379. A-D, from a Section of the Skin of the Axilla; E, from the Finger Tip of a Man
	OF 23 Years. X 230. E is not a tme cross section.		OF 23 Years. X 230. E is not a tme cross section.



	It is ordinarily a fatty fluid for oiling the skin, but it becomes the watery		It is ordinarily a fatty fluid for oiling the skin, but it becomes the watery sweat under the influence of the nerves. ? The gland cells are not destroyed by either form of activity. The secretory tubule is surrounded by a distinct basement membrane, within which there is a row of small longitudinally elongated cells described as muscle fibers. They do not form a complete membrane, and they appear as a continuation of the basal layer of cells of the ducts.
	^sweat under the influence of the nerves. ? The gland cells are not destroyed
	by either form of activity. The secretory tubule is surrounded by a
	distinct basement membrane, within which there is a row of small longitudinally elongated cells described as muscle fibers. They do not form

	a complete membrane, and they appear as a continuation of the basal
	layer of cells of the ducts.

	~~^weat glands are distributed over the entire skin except that of the~~
	~~glans and the inner layer of the praeputium penis. They are most numer~~


	~~Epidermis. â–~~



	~~l^rancbcfi ol ibe subpapilV^ty arLtrrial network.~~



	~~V'pins nf I he second superficial iilcvus.~~



	~~\'t."ins nluiiK the duct of a~~




	~~Large vein~~



	~~Vessel to the~~
	~~fat tissue.~~



	~~Fig. 380.â€” Part of a Vertical Section~~ of the ~~Injected Skin of thk Sole~~ of the ~~Foot~~. ~~X 20~~.		Sweat glands are distributed over the entire skin except that of the glans and the inner layer of the praeputium penis. They are most numerous in the palms and^ soles. In the axilla there are large forms with 30 mm. of coiled tube. They acquire their large, size at puberty and have been considered as sexual "odoriferous'' gland In the vicinity of the anus there are branched sweat glands, and large unbranched "circumanal glands" together with other modified forms.
	~~The veins~~ are ~~not completely filled by~~ the ~~injection~~.



	~~ous in the palms and^ soles. In the axilla there are large forms with 30~~
	~~mm. of coiled tube. They acquire their large, size at puberty and have~~
	~~been considered as sexual ** odoriferous'' gland^ In the vicinity of the~~
	~~anus there are branched sweat glands, and large unbranched "circumanal glands" together with other modified forms.~~

			Fig. 380. Part of a Vertical Section of the Injected Skin of thk Sole of the Foot. X 20. The veins are not completely filled by the injection.

	==Vessels and Nerves of the Skin==		==Vessels and Nerves of the Skin==

Z8600021: /* Sebaceous Glands */

2015-02-19T01:36:27Z

Sebaceous Glands

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:36, 19 February 2015
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	Fig. 376. Lower Part of Fig. 374, B. X 230.		Fig. 376. Lower Part of Fig. 374, B. X 230.

	==Sebaceous Glands==		===Sebaceous Glands===

	The sebaceous glands are simple, branched or imbranched alveolar		The sebaceous glands are simple, branched or imbranched alveolar
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	(The short duct is a prolongation of the outer sheath of the hair and is		(The short duct is a prolongation of the outer sheath of the hair and is
	formed of stratified epithelium, the number of layers of which decreases		formed of stratified epithelium, the number of layers of which decreases
	toward the alveoH, The alveoli consist of small cuboidal basal celis, and		toward the alveoH, The alveoli consist of small cuboidal basal celis, and of large rounded inner cells in aU stages of fatty metamorphosis. .\s the
			cell becomes full of vacuoles the nucleus degenerates, and the cell is cast
			off with its contained secretion. '^Ms in life is a semi-fluid material composed of laTand broken down cells.



	Ftg. 377.~~â€”~~ A* Fhom a VitdTiCAi, Section thboucm the Ala Nasi of a Cmii-1>, /. a^- C, Btraium		Ftg. 377. A* Fhom a VitdTiCAi, Section thboucm the Ala Nasi of a Cmii-1>, /. a^- C, Btraium
	toftieiim ; U. stratum geruiiiiativuni ; t, scbafeows gland contininK of four sacks, â– .duel ol ibe same;		toftieiim ; U. stratum geruiiiiativuni ; t, scbafeows gland contininK of four sacks, â– .duel ol ibe same;
	wÂ» latmj^ hmr, about to be shed* 1i, sbeath of \|he same, Â»t I be base of which a new hatrÂ» %^\s, lonnmK.		wÂ» latmj^ hmr, about to be shed* 1i, sbeath of \|he same, Â»t I be base of which a new hatrÂ» %^\s, lonnmK.

	8, Ffias* A Vkktical ?iiCTtow OF THK Skik op Titif Ala Nasi oi ak Isj'ant, X M*^- Sack of m.		Ftg. 378. Ffias* A Vkktical ?iiCTtow OF THK Skik op Titif Ala Nasi oi ak Isj'ant, X M*^- Sack of m.
	sebaceous Kland conlainifig inland cella In various stages of sccttftion.		sebaceous Kland conlainifig inland cella In various stages of sccttftion.



	~~of large rounded inner cells in aU stages of fatty metamorphosis. .\s the~~
	~~cell becomes full of vacuoles the nucleus degenerates, and the cell is cast~~
	~~off with its contained secretion. '^Ms in life is a semi-fluid material composed of laTand broken down cells.^~~

	Glandidae prarpuiiaies are sebaceous glands without hairs which are		Glandidae prarpuiiaies are sebaceous glands without hairs which are
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	epithelial mass^ which often persists after birth and is broken up by the		epithelial mass^ which often persists after birth and is broken up by the
	formation of concentric epithelial pearls* Glands and orpts are absent		formation of concentric epithelial pearls* Glands and orpts are absent
	from the praeputium and glans clitoridis.		from the praeputium and glans clitoridis.


	==Sweat Glands==		==Sweat Glands==

Z8600021: /* Hair */

2015-02-19T01:35:26Z

Hair

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Z8600021: /* SKIN */

2015-02-19T01:21:19Z

SKIN

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← Older revision		Revision as of 12:39, 19 February 2015
Line 6,317:		Line 6,317:
	Fig. 380. Part of a Vertical Section of the Injected Skin of thk Sole of the Foot. X 20. The veins are not completely filled by the injection.		Fig. 380. Part of a Vertical Section of the Injected Skin of thk Sole of the Foot. X 20. The veins are not completely filled by the injection.

	==Vessels and Nerves of the Skin==		===Vessels and Nerves of the Skin===

	The arteries proceed from a network above the fascia and branch as		The arteries proceed from a network above the fascia and branch as
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	glands to the deeper part of the corium, where they branch freely, receiving the veins from the fat lobules and sweat glands. Larger veins continue into the subcutaneous tissue where the main channels receive specific		glands to the deeper part of the corium, where they branch freely, receiving the veins from the fat lobules and sweat glands. Larger veins continue into the subcutaneous tissue where the main channels receive specific
	names.		names.


	The lymphatic vessels form a fine meshed plexus of narrow vessels		The lymphatic vessels form a fine meshed plexus of narrow vessels
	beneath the subpapillary network of blood vessels. It empties into a		beneath the subpapillary network of blood vessels. It empties into a
	wide meshed subcutaneous" plexus. There are lymphatic vessels around		wide meshed subcutaneous plexus. There are lymphatic vessels around
	the hair sheaths and both sorts of glands.		the hair sheaths and both sorts of glands.


	The nerves form a wide meshed plexus in the deep subcutaneous		The nerves form a wide meshed plexus in the deep subcutaneous
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	tactile corpuscles in its papillae and lamellar corpuscles in the subcutaneous		tactile corpuscles in its papillae and lamellar corpuscles in the subcutaneous
	tissue, together with free endings in the corium and epidermis (as far		tissue, together with free endings in the corium and epidermis (as far
	out as the stratum granulosum).		out as the stratum granulosum).


	==Mammary Glands==		==Mammary Glands==