BGDB Gastrointestinal - Postnatal - Revision history

Z8600021 at 05:11, 28 April 2018

2018-04-28T05:11:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:11, 28 April 2018
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	The neonatal immune system (innate and adaptive) is immature and still developing, and there is now good evidence that {{milk}} contributes to the developmental process, see review.{{#pmid:28611768\|PMID28611768}}		The neonatal immune system (innate and adaptive) is immature and still developing, and there is now good evidence that {{milk}} contributes to the developmental process, see review.{{#pmid:28611768\|PMID28611768}}

	In addition to maternal antibodies, milk contains maternal lymphocytes (antibody-producing B cells. T cells, and natural killer cells). In a mouse model, maternal cytotoxic T cells within milk transfer into to the neonatal intestinal Peyer's patches.{{#pmid:27285085\|~~27285085~~}}		In addition to maternal antibodies, milk contains maternal lymphocytes (antibody-producing B cells. T cells, and natural killer cells). In a mouse model, maternal cytotoxic T cells within milk transfer into to the neonatal intestinal Peyer's patches.{{#pmid:27285085\|PMID27285085}}

Z8600021 at 02:24, 28 April 2018

2018-04-28T02:24:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:24, 28 April 2018
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	* [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001148.htm Medline Plus - Necrotizing enterocolitis]		* [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001148.htm Medline Plus - Necrotizing enterocolitis]

			===Milk Immune Function===
			The neonatal immune system (innate and adaptive) is immature and still developing, and there is now good evidence that {{milk}} contributes to the developmental process, see review.{{#pmid:28611768\|PMID28611768}}

			In addition to maternal antibodies, milk contains maternal lymphocytes (antibody-producing B cells. T cells, and natural killer cells). In a mouse model, maternal cytotoxic T cells within milk transfer into to the neonatal intestinal Peyer's patches.{{#pmid:27285085\|27285085}}

Z8600021 at 01:56, 28 April 2018

2018-04-28T01:56:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:56, 28 April 2018
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	Birth leads to changes in many different systems. Within the context of this Practical class we will look at just a few GIT changes at birth and during the neonatal period (first 4 weeks). A complete understanding requires knowledge of several other systems (respiratory, cardiovascular). Remember that the GIT as well as digestion and absorption of nutrients also has endocrine, neural and immunological functions.		Birth leads to changes in many different systems. Within the context of this Practical class we will look at just a few GIT changes at birth and during the neonatal period (first 4 weeks). A complete understanding requires knowledge of several other systems (respiratory, cardiovascular). Remember that the GIT as well as digestion and absorption of nutrients also has endocrine, neural and immunological functions.

	[[File:Guthrie test icon.jpg\|link=BGDB_Gastrointestinal_-_Abnormalities#Metabolic_Disorders]] [[Guthrie test]] Issues related to metabolic disorders will be covered in [[BGDB_Gastrointestinal_-_Abnormalities\|GIT Abnormalities]].		[[File:Guthrie test icon.jpg\|link=BGDB_Gastrointestinal_-_Abnormalities#Metabolic_Disorders]] {{Guthrie test}} Issues related to metabolic disorders will be covered in [[BGDB_Gastrointestinal_-_Abnormalities\|GIT Abnormalities]].


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	* The intestinal tract also requires '''populating postnatally with microorganisms''' (flora) which are mainly bacteria aerobic and anaerobic, but may also include yeast and fungi.		* The intestinal tract also requires '''populating postnatally with microorganisms''' (flora) which are mainly bacteria aerobic and anaerobic, but may also include yeast and fungi.
	** Treatment of infection with antibiotics can alter this bacterial population. (More? [[BGDB_Gastrointestinal_-_Postnatal#Gut_Microorganism_Population\|Gut Microorganisms]])		** Treatment of infection with antibiotics can alter this bacterial population. (More? [[BGDB_Gastrointestinal_-_Postnatal#Gut_Microorganism_Population\|Gut Microorganisms]])
	* The infant has many different signs that indicate a need for feeding: restless, crying, sucking fingers (or anything) close to mouth. Smell is also used to turn the head towards a source of milk. I have included on this page some links to Nutrition information and also look at the Additional Resources for further readings. (More? ~~[[Normal_Development_-_Milk\|Milk Notes]]~~)		* The infant has many different signs that indicate a need for feeding: restless, crying, sucking fingers (or anything) close to mouth. Smell is also used to turn the head towards a source of milk. I have included on this page some links to Nutrition information and also look at the Additional Resources for further readings. (More? {{milk}})
	* Abnormalities of face development (cleft lip and cleft palate) can affect the ability of the infant to feed, a "liquid seal" is formed by the mouth during feeding. (Clefting will be covered in [[BGDB_Practical_-_Face_and_Ear_Development\|Face Development Practical]])		* Abnormalities of face development (cleft lip and cleft palate) can affect the ability of the infant to feed, a "liquid seal" is formed by the mouth during feeding. (Clefting will be covered in [[BGDB_Practical_-_Face_and_Ear_Development\|BGD Face Development Practical]])

	==Meconium==		==Meconium==
	[[File:Meconium aspiration syndrome x-ray.jpg\|thumb\|Meconium aspiration syndrome x-ray]]		[[File:Meconium aspiration syndrome x-ray.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Meconium aspiration syndrome x-ray\|Meconium aspiration syndrome x-ray]]
	As introduced in fetal development, meconium is formed from gut and associated organ secretions as well as cells and debris from the swallowed amniotic fluid. Meconium accumulates during the fetal period in the large intestine (bowel). It can be described as being a generally dark colour (green black) , sticky and odourless.		As introduced in fetal development, meconium is formed from gut and associated organ secretions as well as cells and debris from the swallowed amniotic fluid. Meconium accumulates during the fetal period in the large intestine (bowel). It can be described as being a generally dark colour (green black) , sticky and odourless.

Z8600021 at 04:24, 27 April 2018

2018-04-27T04:24:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:24, 27 April 2018
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	Birth leads to changes in many different systems. Within the context of this Practical class we will look at just a few GIT changes at birth and during the neonatal period (first 4 weeks). A complete understanding requires knowledge of several other systems (respiratory, cardiovascular). Remember that the GIT as well as digestion and absorption of nutrients also has endocrine, neural and immunological functions.		Birth leads to changes in many different systems. Within the context of this Practical class we will look at just a few GIT changes at birth and during the neonatal period (first 4 weeks). A complete understanding requires knowledge of several other systems (respiratory, cardiovascular). Remember that the GIT as well as digestion and absorption of nutrients also has endocrine, neural and immunological functions.

	[[File:~~Gutherie card~~ icon.jpg\|link=BGDB_Gastrointestinal_-_Abnormalities#Metabolic_Disorders]] [[Guthrie test]] Issues related to metabolic disorders will be covered in [[BGDB_Gastrointestinal_-_Abnormalities\|GIT Abnormalities]].		[[File:Guthrie test icon.jpg\|link=BGDB_Gastrointestinal_-_Abnormalities#Metabolic_Disorders]] [[Guthrie test]] Issues related to metabolic disorders will be covered in [[BGDB_Gastrointestinal_-_Abnormalities\|GIT Abnormalities]].

Z8600021 at 00:47, 19 April 2018

2018-04-19T00:47:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:47, 19 April 2018
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	==Nutrition - Milk==		==Nutrition - Milk==
	[[File:Mammary_anatomy.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Adult female mammary anatomy cartoon]]		[[File:Mammary_anatomy.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Adult female mammary anatomy cartoon]]
	Breast milk makes us mammals! A review article by Goldman~~<ref name="PMID10721920"><pubmed>~~10721920~~</pubmed>~~\| ~~[http://jn.nutrition.org/content/130/2/426.full.pdf PDF]</ref>~~ may provide a way of thinking about GIT and human milk.		Breast {{milk}} makes us mammals! A review article by Goldman{{#pmid:10721920\|PMID10721920}} may provide a way of thinking about GIT and human milk.

	:"Human milk contains agents that affect the growth, development and functions of the epithelium, immune system or nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract. Some human and animal studies indicate that human milk affects the growth of intestinal villi, the development of intestinal disaccharidases, the permeability of the gastrointestinal tract and resistance to certain inflammatory/immune-mediated diseases. Moreover, one cytokine in human milk, interleukin (IL)-10, protects infant mice genetically deficient in IL-10 against an enterocolitis that resembles necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in human premature infants.		:"Human milk contains agents that affect the growth, development and functions of the epithelium, immune system or nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract. Some human and animal studies indicate that human milk affects the growth of intestinal villi, the development of intestinal disaccharidases, the permeability of the gastrointestinal tract and resistance to certain inflammatory/immune-mediated diseases. Moreover, one cytokine in human milk, interleukin (IL)-10, protects infant mice genetically deficient in IL-10 against an enterocolitis that resembles necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in human premature infants.
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	# growth factors in human milk aid in establishing a commensal enteric microflora"		# growth factors in human milk aid in establishing a commensal enteric microflora"

	(Text from: Goldman ref~~<ref name="PMID10721920"><pubmed>~~10721920~~</pubmed>~~\| ~~[http://jn.nutrition.org/content/130/2/426.full.pdf PDF]</ref>~~)		(Text from: Goldman ref{{#pmid:10721920\|PMID10721920}})


	:'''Links:''' ~~[[Normal Development - Milk]]~~		:'''Links:''' {{milk}}

	==Gut Microorganism Population==		==Gut Microorganism Population==
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	{{~~Template:~~BGDBFooter}}		{{BGDBFooter}}

Z8600021 at 01:38, 1 Mayıs 2017

2017-05-01T01:38:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:38, 1 Mayıs 2017
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	\|}		\|}

			{{GIT terms}}
	==Additional Information==		==Additional Information==
	{{Med Prac additional Information}}		{{Med Prac additional Information}}

Z8600021 at 00:10, 16 March 2016

2016-03-16T00:10:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:10, 16 March 2016
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	Birth leads to changes in many different systems. Within the context of this Practical class we will look at just a few GIT changes at birth and during the neonatal period (first 4 weeks). A complete understanding requires knowledge of several other systems (respiratory, cardiovascular). Remember that the GIT as well as digestion and absorption of nutrients also has endocrine, neural and immunological functions.		Birth leads to changes in many different systems. Within the context of this Practical class we will look at just a few GIT changes at birth and during the neonatal period (first 4 weeks). A complete understanding requires knowledge of several other systems (respiratory, cardiovascular). Remember that the GIT as well as digestion and absorption of nutrients also has endocrine, neural and immunological functions.

	[[File:Gutherie card icon.jpg\|link=BGDB_Gastrointestinal_-_Abnormalities\|]] [[Guthrie test]] Issues related to metabolic disorders will be covered in [[BGDB_Gastrointestinal_-_Abnormalities\|GIT Abnormalities]].		[[File:Gutherie card icon.jpg\|link=BGDB_Gastrointestinal_-_Abnormalities#Metabolic_Disorders]] [[Guthrie test]] Issues related to metabolic disorders will be covered in [[BGDB_Gastrointestinal_-_Abnormalities\|GIT Abnormalities]].

Z8600021 at 00:07, 16 March 2016

2016-03-16T00:07:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:07, 16 March 2016
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	Birth leads to changes in many different systems. Within the context of this Practical class we will look at just a few GIT changes at birth and during the neonatal period (first 4 weeks). A complete understanding requires knowledge of several other systems (respiratory, cardiovascular). Remember that the GIT as well as digestion and absorption of nutrients also has endocrine, neural and immunological functions.		Birth leads to changes in many different systems. Within the context of this Practical class we will look at just a few GIT changes at birth and during the neonatal period (first 4 weeks). A complete understanding requires knowledge of several other systems (respiratory, cardiovascular). Remember that the GIT as well as digestion and absorption of nutrients also has endocrine, neural and immunological functions.

	[[File:Gutherie card icon.jpg]] [[Guthrie test]] Issues related to metabolic disorders will be covered in [[BGDB_Gastrointestinal_-_Abnormalities\|GIT Abnormalities]].		[[File:Gutherie card icon.jpg\|link=BGDB_Gastrointestinal_-_Abnormalities\|]] [[Guthrie test]] Issues related to metabolic disorders will be covered in [[BGDB_Gastrointestinal_-_Abnormalities\|GIT Abnormalities]].

Z8600021 at 00:07, 16 March 2016

2016-03-16T00:07:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:07, 16 March 2016
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	==Birth==		==Birth==
	[[File:Newborn.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Newborn infant\|Newborn infant]]		[[File:Newborn.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Newborn infant\|Newborn infant]]
	Birth leads to changes in many different systems. Within the context of this Practical class we will look at just a few GIT changes at birth and during the neonatal period (first 4 weeks). A complete understanding requires knowledge of several other systems (respiratory, cardiovascular). Remember that the GIT as well as digestion and absorption of nutrients also has endocrine, neural and immunological functions. Issues related to metabolic disorders will be covered in [[BGDB_Gastrointestinal_-_Abnormalities\|GIT Abnormalities]].		Birth leads to changes in many different systems. Within the context of this Practical class we will look at just a few GIT changes at birth and during the neonatal period (first 4 weeks). A complete understanding requires knowledge of several other systems (respiratory, cardiovascular). Remember that the GIT as well as digestion and absorption of nutrients also has endocrine, neural and immunological functions.

			[[File:Gutherie card icon.jpg]] [[Guthrie test]] Issues related to metabolic disorders will be covered in [[BGDB_Gastrointestinal_-_Abnormalities\|GIT Abnormalities]].


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	* Abnormalities of face development (cleft lip and cleft palate) can affect the ability of the infant to feed, a "liquid seal" is formed by the mouth during feeding. (Clefting will be covered in [[BGDB_Practical_-_Face_and_Ear_Development\|Face Development Practical]])		* Abnormalities of face development (cleft lip and cleft palate) can affect the ability of the infant to feed, a "liquid seal" is formed by the mouth during feeding. (Clefting will be covered in [[BGDB_Practical_-_Face_and_Ear_Development\|Face Development Practical]])

	~~[[File:Gutherie card icon.jpg]] [[Guthrie Test]]~~
	==Meconium==		==Meconium==
	[[File:Meconium aspiration syndrome x-ray.jpg\|thumb\|Meconium aspiration syndrome x-ray]]		[[File:Meconium aspiration syndrome x-ray.jpg\|thumb\|Meconium aspiration syndrome x-ray]]

Z8600021 at 00:06, 16 March 2016

2016-03-16T00:06:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 16 March 2016
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	* Abnormalities of face development (cleft lip and cleft palate) can affect the ability of the infant to feed, a "liquid seal" is formed by the mouth during feeding. (Clefting will be covered in [[BGDB_Practical_-_Face_and_Ear_Development\|Face Development Practical]])		* Abnormalities of face development (cleft lip and cleft palate) can affect the ability of the infant to feed, a "liquid seal" is formed by the mouth during feeding. (Clefting will be covered in [[BGDB_Practical_-_Face_and_Ear_Development\|Face Development Practical]])

			[[File:Gutherie card icon.jpg]] [[Guthrie Test]]
	==Meconium==		==Meconium==
	[[File:Meconium aspiration syndrome x-ray.jpg\|thumb\|Meconium aspiration syndrome x-ray]]		[[File:Meconium aspiration syndrome x-ray.jpg\|thumb\|Meconium aspiration syndrome x-ray]]