Anatomical Record 15 (1918-19) - Revision history

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	===NO. 6. JANUARY===		===NO. 6. JANUARY===

	RiruARD K. PcAMUoN. On the development and finer structure of the corpus adiposum biircao Nine figures 267		{{Ref-Scammon1918}}

			RiruARD K. PcAMUoN. On the development and finer structure of the corpus adiposum biircao Nine figures 267-287.

	Frank Ulaih IIan.hon. Nerve foramina in the pig scapula. A peeuliar relation existing b«'iworn the dorsali.s branch of several spinal 'nerves and the suprascapula in the pig Twenty-one figures 289		Frank Ulaih IIan.hon. Nerve foramina in the pig scapula. A peeuliar relation existing b«'iworn the dorsali.s branch of several spinal 'nerves and the suprascapula in the pig Twenty-one figures 289

Z8600021 at 03:16, 19 Haziran 2020

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NO. 4. NOVEMBER

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	===NO. 4. NOVEMBER===		===NO. 4. NOVEMBER===

			{{Ref-ScammonMorris1918}}

	Richard E. Scammon and Edoar H. Morris. On the time of the post-natal obliteration of the fetal blood-passages (foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus). Three figures 166		Richard E. Scammon and Edoar H. Morris. On the time of the post-natal obliteration of the fetal blood-passages (foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus). Three figures 166

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NO. 5. DECEMBER

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	Wamu NaKaiiara. Some obsorviitions on the KrowiiiK oncytes of the stoncfly, Pcrla immnrRirinlA Sny, with R\|ivoinl regarii to the origin iind function of the nucleolar trurlurt's. Nino figuroa 203		Wamu NaKaiiara. Some obsorviitions on the KrowiiiK oncytes of the stoncfly, Pcrla immnrRirinlA Sny, with R\|ivoinl regarii to the origin iind function of the nucleolar trurlurt's. Nino figuroa 203

	ll\Hiii-.>s U Hu.sT. Variability in the common carotid arteries of the domestic cat.\ IV. limm-s 217		ll\Hiii-.>s U Hu.sT. Variability in the common carotid arteries of the domestic cat. IV. limm-s 217

	Makuison It IIVNT. AbBciirc of one kidney in the domestic cat. Two figures 221		Makuison It IIVNT. AbBciirc of one kidney in the domestic cat. Two figures 221
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	AtH)Lr H. S< iirLTX. Ob.ierval ions on the cnnalis basilaris chordae. Three figures 225		AtH)Lr H. S< iirLTX. Ob.ierval ions on the cnnalis basilaris chordae. Three figures 225

	Mleanoh I.intdn Ci.akk and Eliot R. Clakk. On the reaction of certain cells in the		Mleanoh I.intdn Ci.akk and Eliot R. Clakk. On the reaction of certain cells in the tadpole's tail toward vital dyes. Four figures 231

	~~tad\|Kile'8 tail toward vital dyes. Four figures 231~~		Kdward I'iiclps Allih, Jr. On the origin of the hyomandibula of the Teleostomi. One figure 257

	Kdward I'iiclps Allih, Jr. On the origin of the hyomandibula of the Teleostomi. One figure '. 257

	===NO. 6. JANUARY===		===NO. 6. JANUARY===

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2019-08-17T03:05:51Z

On The Time Of The Post-Natal Obliteration Of The Fetal Blood-Passages (Foramen Ovale, Ductus Arteriosus, Ductus Venosus)

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	==On The Time Of The Post-Natal Obliteration Of The Fetal Blood-Passages (Foramen Ovale, Ductus Arteriosus, Ductus Venosus)==		==On The Time Of The Post-Natal Obliteration Of The Fetal Blood-Passages (Foramen Ovale, Ductus Arteriosus, Ductus Venosus)==
	{{Ref-ScammonNorris1918}}		{{Ref-ScammonNorris1918}}

	~~{{Ref-Scammon1918}}~~


	Richard E. Scammon And Edgar H. Norris Institute of Anatomy, University Of Minnesota		Richard E. Scammon And Edgar H. Norris Institute of Anatomy, University Of Minnesota
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	It is gcnorally rocognized that two separate processes are involved in the occlusion of the fetal blood passages after birth. The first is the simple functional closure which takes place, in the great majority of cases, at or immediately following birth; the second is the permanent anatomic obliterati(jn which occurs at a later period. The mechanics and histology of the latter process are generally discussed in our larger treatises on obstetrics and pediatrics, and in our major an.atoTnical texts; but the thiie of postnatal obliteration is often unmentioned, although in a number the statement is made that the obliteration takes place in the first few days or, at most, weeks after birth.		It is gcnorally rocognized that two separate processes are involved in the occlusion of the fetal blood passages after birth. The first is the simple functional closure which takes place, in the great majority of cases, at or immediately following birth; the second is the permanent anatomic obliterati(jn which occurs at a later period. The mechanics and histology of the latter process are generally discussed in our larger treatises on obstetrics and pediatrics, and in our major an.atoTnical texts; but the thiie of postnatal obliteration is often unmentioned, although in a number the statement is made that the obliteration takes place in the first few days or, at most, weeks after birth.

	The origin of the current concepts as expressed in these larger texts can be traced, we think, to the first statistical study on this subject, which was pubUshed ninety years ago by the French clinician Billard. This investigator (H)Ilected data on the obliteration of the ductus veno.sus, ductus arteriosus, and foramen ovale in a series of one hundred and twenty-eight children who died in the first eight days of life. He found instances of the obliteration of ail these pas.sjiges on the first tlay after birth. The foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus were closed in over fifty per cent of his cases on the eighth day while the ductus venosus was clo.sed in a still larger* immber. He therefore concluded that the obliteration of the fetal blood-passages proce<'ded very rapid!}- in th<' first few days of life- an opinion in accord ~~witii~~ that		The origin of the current concepts as expressed in these larger texts can be traced, we think, to the first statistical study on this subject, which was pubUshed ninety years ago by the French clinician Billard. This investigator (H)Ilected data on the obliteration of the ductus veno.sus, ductus arteriosus, and foramen ovale in a series of one hundred and twenty-eight children who died in the first eight days of life. He found instances of the obliteration of ail these pas.sjiges on the first tlay after birth. The foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus were closed in over fifty per cent of his cases on the eighth day while the ductus venosus was clo.sed in a still larger* immber. He therefore concluded that the obliteration of the fetal blood-passages proce<'ded very rapid!}- in th<' first few days of life- an opinion in accord with that held by a niimbor of wTiters in the eighteenth century. The n^sults of Billard's study were published in his 'Traits des maladies des enfants nouveau-n6s' in 1S2S. This work was extremely popular in its time; it passed through a number of French editions, wa.s translated into Italian and German and twice app<>jired in .Vmerican editions. In several publications of the middl.' of the last century Billard's figures are cited and his name is quoted in connection with them. In later works, howevei", the same opinion has been repeatedly expressed but its sourc(^ apparently has been forgotten.

	~~16,i~~

	~~TBI ANATOUICAI, RBCOIIO, VOL. 15. NO. 4 NUVKUBKK, 1018~~



	~~166 RICHARD E. SCAMMON AXD EDGAR H. NORRIS~~

	held by a niimbor of wTiters in the eighteenth century. The n^sults of Billard's study were published in his 'Traits des maladies des enfants nouveau-n6s' in 1S2S. This work was extremely popular in its time; it passed through a number of French editions, wa.s translated into Italian and German and twice app<>jired in .Vmerican editions. In several publications of the middl.' of the last century Billard's figures are cited and his name is quoted in connection with them. In later works, howevei", the same opinion has been repeatedly expressed but its sourc(^ apparently has been forgotten.

	A large amount of data concerning the chronology of the postnatal obliteration of the fetal blood-passages has accumulated since the time of Billard. This material is scattered through the periodical literature of legal medicine, obstetrics, and pediatrics and is also uieluded in a number of rather inaccessible brochures. In the following pages we have collected as much as possible of these scattered data and have arranged them in tabular and graphic fonii. In so doing we have confined oiu-selves to those records in which series of consecutive cases have been assembled. These records include ob.serA^ations on children who were born at term, and also a few cases of children who were prematiu-ely born. In most instances, however, investigators have failed to separate these two groups. A comparison of the records of the few known cases of prematurity with those of children known to be born at term shows no appreciable difference in the time of obliteration of the fetal blood-passages. We hav(> therefore combined them in our tables. In all cases the patency of the fetal passages was te.sted either by injection or by probing, excepting those of Faber ('09) which were examined micro-scopically.		A large amount of data concerning the chronology of the postnatal obliteration of the fetal blood-passages has accumulated since the time of Billard. This material is scattered through the periodical literature of legal medicine, obstetrics, and pediatrics and is also uieluded in a number of rather inaccessible brochures. In the following pages we have collected as much as possible of these scattered data and have arranged them in tabular and graphic fonii. In so doing we have confined oiu-selves to those records in which series of consecutive cases have been assembled. These records include ob.serA^ations on children who were born at term, and also a few cases of children who were prematiu-ely born. In most instances, however, investigators have failed to separate these two groups. A comparison of the records of the few known cases of prematurity with those of children known to be born at term shows no appreciable difference in the time of obliteration of the fetal blood-passages. We hav(> therefore combined them in our tables. In all cases the patency of the fetal passages was te.sted either by injection or by probing, excepting those of Faber ('09) which were examined micro-scopically.

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+==On The Time Of The Post-Natal Obliteration Of The Fetal Blood-Passages (Foramen Ovale, Ductus Arteriosus, Ductus Venosus)==
-PHAGOCYTOSIS IN THE TADPOLE'S TAIL
+Richard E. Scammon And Edgar H. Norris Institute of Anatomy, University Of Minnesota
-SLIOT a. CLABK AMD £LIA.NOR LINTON CI.ARK
+Three Plates
 It is gcnorally rocognized that two separate processes are involved in the occlusion of the fetal blood passages after birth. The first is the simple functional closure which takes place, in the great majority of cases, at or immediately following birth; the second is the permanent anatomic obliterati(jn which occurs at a later period. The mechanics and histology of the latter process are generally discussed in our larger treatises on obstetrics and pediatrics, and in our major an.atoTnical texts; but the thiie of postnatal obliteration is often unmentioned, although in a number the statement is made that the obliteration takes place in the first few days or, at most, weeks after birth.

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