Abnormal Development - Viral Infection - Revision history

Z8600021 at 18:09, 4 July 2022

2022-07-04T18:09:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:09, 5 July 2022
Line 38:		Line 38:
	{\|		{\|
	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\|		\|

	* '''Pregnancy and birth outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pregnancy'''{{#pmid:34425297\|PMID34425297}} "...In this birth cohort, vaccinated pregnant women were less likely than unvaccinated pregnant patients to experience COVID-19 infection, and COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with increased pregnancy or delivery complications. The cohort was skewed toward late pregnancy vaccination, and thus, findings may not be generalizable to vaccination during early pregnancy."		* '''Pregnancy and birth outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pregnancy'''{{#pmid:34425297\|PMID34425297}} "...In this birth cohort, vaccinated pregnant women were less likely than unvaccinated pregnant patients to experience COVID-19 infection, and COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with increased pregnancy or delivery complications. The cohort was skewed toward late pregnancy vaccination, and thus, findings may not be generalizable to vaccination during early pregnancy."

	* '''COVID19 during pregnancy: a systematic review of reported cases'''{{#pmid:32311350\|PMID32311350}} "We searched electronically Pubmed, Cinahl, Scopus using combination of keywords "Coronavirus and/ or pregnancy"; "COVID and/or pregnancy"; "COVID disease and/or pregnancy"; "COVID pneumonia and/or pregnancy. There were no restriction of languages in order to collect as much cases as possible.STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: all pregnant women, with a COVID19 diagnosed with acid nucleic test, with reported data about pregnancy and, in case of delivery, reported outcomes. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: all the studies included have been evaluated according the tool for evaluating the methodological quality of case reports and case series described by Murad et al. RESULTS: 6 studies including 51 women were eligible for the systematic review. Three pregnancies were ongoing at the time of the report; of the remaining 48, 46 were delivered with a cesarean section and 2 vaginally; there was 1 stillbirth and 1 neonatal death. CONCLUSIONS: although vertical transmission of SARS-Cov2 has been excluded thus far and the outcome for mothers and fetuses has been generally good, the high rate of preterm cesarean delivery is a reason for concern. These interventions were typically elective, and it is reasonable to question whether they were warranted or not. COVID-19 associated with respiratory insufficiency in late pregnancies certainly creates a complex clinical scenario."		* '''COVID19 during pregnancy: a systematic review of reported cases'''{{#pmid:32311350\|PMID32311350}} "We searched electronically Pubmed, Cinahl, Scopus using combination of keywords "Coronavirus and/ or pregnancy"; "COVID and/or pregnancy"; "COVID disease and/or pregnancy"; "COVID pneumonia and/or pregnancy. There were no restriction of languages in order to collect as much cases as possible.STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: all pregnant women, with a COVID19 diagnosed with acid nucleic test, with reported data about pregnancy and, in case of delivery, reported outcomes. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: all the studies included have been evaluated according the tool for evaluating the methodological quality of case reports and case series described by Murad et al. RESULTS: 6 studies including 51 women were eligible for the systematic review. Three pregnancies were ongoing at the time of the report; of the remaining 48, 46 were delivered with a cesarean section and 2 vaginally; there was 1 stillbirth and 1 neonatal death. CONCLUSIONS: although vertical transmission of SARS-Cov2 has been excluded thus far and the outcome for mothers and fetuses has been generally good, the high rate of preterm cesarean delivery is a reason for concern. These interventions were typically elective, and it is reasonable to question whether they were warranted or not. COVID-19 associated with respiratory insufficiency in late pregnancies certainly creates a complex clinical scenario." See also {{#pmid:32969772\|PMID32969772}

	* '''Zika Virus Detection in Amniotic Fluid and Zika-Associated Birth Defects'''{{#pmid:31954155\|PMID31954155}} "{{Zika virus}} (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects, including brain and eye abnormalities. The clinical importance of detection of ZIKV ribonucleic acid (RNA) in amniotic fluid is unknown. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of women with amniotic fluid specimens submitted to Colombia's National Institute of Health as part of national ZIKV surveillance from January 2016 to January 2017. ...Testing of amniotic fluid provided additional evidence for maternal diagnosis of ZIKV infection. Zika-associated birth defects were more common among women with ZIKV RNA detected in prenatal amniotic fluid specimens than women with no laboratory evidence of ZIKV infection, but similar to women with ZIKV RNA detected in other, non-amniotic fluid specimen types."		* '''Zika Virus Detection in Amniotic Fluid and Zika-Associated Birth Defects'''{{#pmid:31954155\|PMID31954155}} "{{Zika virus}} (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects, including brain and eye abnormalities. The clinical importance of detection of ZIKV ribonucleic acid (RNA) in amniotic fluid is unknown. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of women with amniotic fluid specimens submitted to Colombia's National Institute of Health as part of national ZIKV surveillance from January 2016 to January 2017. ...Testing of amniotic fluid provided additional evidence for maternal diagnosis of ZIKV infection. Zika-associated birth defects were more common among women with ZIKV RNA detected in prenatal amniotic fluid specimens than women with no laboratory evidence of ZIKV infection, but similar to women with ZIKV RNA detected in other, non-amniotic fluid specimen types."

Z8600021 at 04:21, 1 December 2021

2021-12-01T04:21:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:21, 1 December 2021
Line 39:		Line 39:
	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\|		\|
			* '''Pregnancy and birth outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pregnancy'''{{#pmid:34425297\|PMID34425297}} "...In this birth cohort, vaccinated pregnant women were less likely than unvaccinated pregnant patients to experience COVID-19 infection, and COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with increased pregnancy or delivery complications. The cohort was skewed toward late pregnancy vaccination, and thus, findings may not be generalizable to vaccination during early pregnancy."

	* '''COVID19 during pregnancy: a systematic review of reported cases'''{{#pmid:32311350\|PMID32311350}} "We searched electronically Pubmed, Cinahl, Scopus using combination of keywords "Coronavirus and/ or pregnancy"; "COVID and/or pregnancy"; "COVID disease and/or pregnancy"; "COVID pneumonia and/or pregnancy. There were no restriction of languages in order to collect as much cases as possible.		* '''COVID19 during pregnancy: a systematic review of reported cases'''{{#pmid:32311350\|PMID32311350}} "We searched electronically Pubmed, Cinahl, Scopus using combination of keywords "Coronavirus and/ or pregnancy"; "COVID and/or pregnancy"; "COVID disease and/or pregnancy"; "COVID pneumonia and/or pregnancy. There were no restriction of languages in order to collect as much cases as possible.STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: all pregnant women, with a COVID19 diagnosed with acid nucleic test, with reported data about pregnancy and, in case of delivery, reported outcomes. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: all the studies included have been evaluated according the tool for evaluating the methodological quality of case reports and case series described by Murad et al. RESULTS: 6 studies including 51 women were eligible for the systematic review. Three pregnancies were ongoing at the time of the report; of the remaining 48, 46 were delivered with a cesarean section and 2 vaginally; there was 1 stillbirth and 1 neonatal death. CONCLUSIONS: although vertical transmission of SARS-Cov2 has been excluded thus far and the outcome for mothers and fetuses has been generally good, the high rate of preterm cesarean delivery is a reason for concern. These interventions were typically elective, and it is reasonable to question whether they were warranted or not. COVID-19 associated with respiratory insufficiency in late pregnancies certainly creates a complex clinical scenario."
	STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: all pregnant women, with a COVID19 diagnosed with acid nucleic test, with reported data about pregnancy and, in case of delivery, reported outcomes. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: all the studies included have been evaluated according the tool for evaluating the methodological quality of case reports and case series described by Murad et al. RESULTS: 6 studies including 51 women were eligible for the systematic review. Three pregnancies were ongoing at the time of the report; of the remaining 48, 46 were delivered with a cesarean section and 2 vaginally; there was 1 stillbirth and 1 neonatal death. CONCLUSIONS: although vertical transmission of SARS-Cov2 has been excluded thus far and the outcome for mothers and fetuses has been generally good, the high rate of preterm cesarean delivery is a reason for concern. These interventions were typically elective, and it is reasonable to question whether they were warranted or not. COVID-19 associated with respiratory insufficiency in late pregnancies certainly creates a complex clinical scenario."

	* '''Zika Virus Detection in Amniotic Fluid and Zika-Associated Birth Defects'''{{#pmid:31954155\|PMID31954155}} "{{Zika virus}} (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects, including brain and eye abnormalities. The clinical importance of detection of ZIKV ribonucleic acid (RNA) in amniotic fluid is unknown. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of women with amniotic fluid specimens submitted to Colombia's National Institute of Health as part of national ZIKV surveillance from January 2016 to January 2017. ...Testing of amniotic fluid provided additional evidence for maternal diagnosis of ZIKV infection. Zika-associated birth defects were more common among women with ZIKV RNA detected in prenatal amniotic fluid specimens than women with no laboratory evidence of ZIKV infection, but similar to women with ZIKV RNA detected in other, non-amniotic fluid specimen types."		* '''Zika Virus Detection in Amniotic Fluid and Zika-Associated Birth Defects'''{{#pmid:31954155\|PMID31954155}} "{{Zika virus}} (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects, including brain and eye abnormalities. The clinical importance of detection of ZIKV ribonucleic acid (RNA) in amniotic fluid is unknown. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of women with amniotic fluid specimens submitted to Colombia's National Institute of Health as part of national ZIKV surveillance from January 2016 to January 2017. ...Testing of amniotic fluid provided additional evidence for maternal diagnosis of ZIKV infection. Zika-associated birth defects were more common among women with ZIKV RNA detected in prenatal amniotic fluid specimens than women with no laboratory evidence of ZIKV infection, but similar to women with ZIKV RNA detected in other, non-amniotic fluid specimen types."
Line 49:		Line 49:
	* '''Maternal viral infection causes global alterations in porcine fetal {{microglia}}'''{{#pmid:31527230\|PMID31527230}}} "Maternal infections during pregnancy are associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, although the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Previously, we established a maternal immune activation (MIA) model using swine, which results in altered social behaviors of {{pig}}let offspring. These behavioral abnormalities occurred in the absence of microglia priming. Thus, we examined fetal microglial activity during prenatal development in response to maternal infection with live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Fetuses were obtained by cesarean sections performed 7 and 21 d postinoculation (dpi). MIA fetuses had reduced brain weights at 21 dpi compared to controls. Furthermore, MIA microglia increased expression of major histocompatibility complex class II that was coupled with reduced phagocytic and chemotactic activity compared to controls. High-throughput gene-expression analysis of microglial-enriched genes involved in neurodevelopment, the microglia sensome, and inflammation revealed differential regulation in primary microglia and in whole amygdala tissue. Microglia density was increased in the fetal amygdala at 7 dpi. Our data also reveal widespread sexual dimorphisms in microglial gene expression and demonstrate that the consequences of MIA are sex dependent. Overall, these results indicate that fetal microglia are significantly altered by maternal viral infection, presenting a potential mechanism through which MIA impacts prenatal brain development and function."		* '''Maternal viral infection causes global alterations in porcine fetal {{microglia}}'''{{#pmid:31527230\|PMID31527230}}} "Maternal infections during pregnancy are associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, although the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Previously, we established a maternal immune activation (MIA) model using swine, which results in altered social behaviors of {{pig}}let offspring. These behavioral abnormalities occurred in the absence of microglia priming. Thus, we examined fetal microglial activity during prenatal development in response to maternal infection with live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Fetuses were obtained by cesarean sections performed 7 and 21 d postinoculation (dpi). MIA fetuses had reduced brain weights at 21 dpi compared to controls. Furthermore, MIA microglia increased expression of major histocompatibility complex class II that was coupled with reduced phagocytic and chemotactic activity compared to controls. High-throughput gene-expression analysis of microglial-enriched genes involved in neurodevelopment, the microglia sensome, and inflammation revealed differential regulation in primary microglia and in whole amygdala tissue. Microglia density was increased in the fetal amygdala at 7 dpi. Our data also reveal widespread sexual dimorphisms in microglial gene expression and demonstrate that the consequences of MIA are sex dependent. Overall, these results indicate that fetal microglia are significantly altered by maternal viral infection, presenting a potential mechanism through which MIA impacts prenatal brain development and function."

	* '''The impact of timing of maternal influenza immunization on infant antibody levels at birth'''{{#pmid:30422307\|PMID30422307}} "Pregnant women and infants are at an increased risk of severe disease after influenza infection. Maternal immunization is a potent tool to protect both these at-risk groups. While the primary aim of maternal influenza vaccination is to protect the mother, a secondary benefit is the transfer of protective antibodies to the infant. A recent study using the tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine indicated that children born to mothers immunized in the second trimester of pregnancy had the highest antibody titres compared to children immunized in the third trimester. The aim of the current study was to investigate how the timing of maternal influenza immunization impacts infant antibody levels at birth. Antibody titres were assessed in maternal and cord blood samples by both immunoglobulin (Ig)G-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and haemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI). Antibody titres to the H1N1 component were significantly higher in infants born to mothers vaccinated in either the second or third trimesters than infants born to unvaccinated mothers. HAI levels in the infant were significantly lower when maternal immunization was performed less than 4 weeks before birth. These studies confirm that immunization during pregnancy increases the antibody titre in infants. Importantly, antibody levels in cord blood were significantly higher when the mother was vaccinated in either trimesters 2 or 3, although titres were significantly lower if the mother was immunized less than 4 weeks before birth. Based on these data, seasonal influenza vaccination should continue to be given in pregnancy as soon as it becomes available."
	\|}		\|}
	{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"		{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
Line 63:		Line 62:
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{Older papers}}		\| {{Older papers}}
			* '''The impact of timing of maternal influenza immunization on infant antibody levels at birth'''{{#pmid:30422307\|PMID30422307}} "Pregnant women and infants are at an increased risk of severe disease after influenza infection. Maternal immunization is a potent tool to protect both these at-risk groups. While the primary aim of maternal influenza vaccination is to protect the mother, a secondary benefit is the transfer of protective antibodies to the infant. A recent study using the tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine indicated that children born to mothers immunized in the second trimester of pregnancy had the highest antibody titres compared to children immunized in the third trimester. The aim of the current study was to investigate how the timing of maternal influenza immunization impacts infant antibody levels at birth. Antibody titres were assessed in maternal and cord blood samples by both immunoglobulin (Ig)G-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and haemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI). Antibody titres to the H1N1 component were significantly higher in infants born to mothers vaccinated in either the second or third trimesters than infants born to unvaccinated mothers. HAI levels in the infant were significantly lower when maternal immunization was performed less than 4 weeks before birth. These studies confirm that immunization during pregnancy increases the antibody titre in infants. Importantly, antibody levels in cord blood were significantly higher when the mother was vaccinated in either trimesters 2 or 3, although titres were significantly lower if the mother was immunized less than 4 weeks before birth. Based on these data, seasonal influenza vaccination should continue to be given in pregnancy as soon as it becomes available."

	* '''Human papillomavirus infection and intrauterine growth restriction: a data-linkage study'''{{#pmid:28889772\|PMID28889772}} "Using unbiased population data, to examine whether having a positive Pap smear, and thus a high probability of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection, is a significant risk factor for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in a subsequent pregnancy. Two independent population-based databases, namely the South Australian Perinatal Statistics Collection and the South Australian Cervical Screening Database, were deidentified and linked by the SANT Datalinkage Service. Analyses were performed on cases where Pap smear screening data was available for up to 2 years prior to a singleton live birth. ...Those having a positive Pap smear were more likely to have a baby with IUGR than those with negative smear results. For SGA, 5.8% babies were from mothers with positive Pap smears compared to 4.0% with negative smears indicating a 40% higher risk of having an SGA baby (95%CI 20-70%) among women with positive Pap smears. For VLBW, 7.6% mothers had positive Pap smears compared with 4.0% with negative smears (p < .001), which reflects a 90% increased risk (95%CI 40-150%). These associations reduced to 20% (95%CI 1-40%) and 50% (95%CI 10-100%) for SGA and VLBW, respectively, after adjusting for all other significant covariates including maternal age, ethnicity, marital status, occupation, smoking, pregnancy history, and maternal health during pregnancy. Mothers with a positive Pap smear have an increased risk of IUGR, especially for VLBW, which is independent of other risk factors. The results confirm previous findings in a small study and emphasise the need to consider the risks of both cancer and IUGR in all HPV vaccination programs."		* '''Human papillomavirus infection and intrauterine growth restriction: a data-linkage study'''{{#pmid:28889772\|PMID28889772}} "Using unbiased population data, to examine whether having a positive Pap smear, and thus a high probability of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection, is a significant risk factor for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in a subsequent pregnancy. Two independent population-based databases, namely the South Australian Perinatal Statistics Collection and the South Australian Cervical Screening Database, were deidentified and linked by the SANT Datalinkage Service. Analyses were performed on cases where Pap smear screening data was available for up to 2 years prior to a singleton live birth. ...Those having a positive Pap smear were more likely to have a baby with IUGR than those with negative smear results. For SGA, 5.8% babies were from mothers with positive Pap smears compared to 4.0% with negative smears indicating a 40% higher risk of having an SGA baby (95%CI 20-70%) among women with positive Pap smears. For VLBW, 7.6% mothers had positive Pap smears compared with 4.0% with negative smears (p < .001), which reflects a 90% increased risk (95%CI 40-150%). These associations reduced to 20% (95%CI 1-40%) and 50% (95%CI 10-100%) for SGA and VLBW, respectively, after adjusting for all other significant covariates including maternal age, ethnicity, marital status, occupation, smoking, pregnancy history, and maternal health during pregnancy. Mothers with a positive Pap smear have an increased risk of IUGR, especially for VLBW, which is independent of other risk factors. The results confirm previous findings in a small study and emphasise the need to consider the risks of both cancer and IUGR in all HPV vaccination programs."

Z8600021 at 00:23, 29 April 2020

2020-04-29T00:23:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:23, 29 April 2020
Line 40:		Line 40:
	\|		\|

	* '''COVID19 during pregnancy: a systematic review of reported cases'''{{#pmid:32311350}\|PMID32311350}} "We searched electronically Pubmed, Cinahl, Scopus using combination of keywords "Coronavirus and/ or pregnancy"; "COVID and/or pregnancy"; "COVID disease and/or pregnancy"; "COVID pneumonia and/or pregnancy. There were no restriction of languages in order to collect as much cases as possible.		* '''COVID19 during pregnancy: a systematic review of reported cases'''{{#pmid:32311350\|PMID32311350}} "We searched electronically Pubmed, Cinahl, Scopus using combination of keywords "Coronavirus and/ or pregnancy"; "COVID and/or pregnancy"; "COVID disease and/or pregnancy"; "COVID pneumonia and/or pregnancy. There were no restriction of languages in order to collect as much cases as possible.
	STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: all pregnant women, with a COVID19 diagnosed with acid nucleic test, with reported data about pregnancy and, in case of delivery, reported outcomes. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: all the studies included have been evaluated according the tool for evaluating the methodological quality of case reports and case series described by Murad et al. RESULTS: 6 studies including 51 women were eligible for the systematic review. Three pregnancies were ongoing at the time of the report; of the remaining 48, 46 were delivered with a cesarean section and 2 vaginally; there was 1 stillbirth and 1 neonatal death. CONCLUSIONS: although vertical transmission of SARS-Cov2 has been excluded thus far and the outcome for mothers and fetuses has been generally good, the high rate of preterm cesarean delivery is a reason for concern. These interventions were typically elective, and it is reasonable to question whether they were warranted or not. COVID-19 associated with respiratory insufficiency in late pregnancies certainly creates a complex clinical scenario."		STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: all pregnant women, with a COVID19 diagnosed with acid nucleic test, with reported data about pregnancy and, in case of delivery, reported outcomes. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: all the studies included have been evaluated according the tool for evaluating the methodological quality of case reports and case series described by Murad et al. RESULTS: 6 studies including 51 women were eligible for the systematic review. Three pregnancies were ongoing at the time of the report; of the remaining 48, 46 were delivered with a cesarean section and 2 vaginally; there was 1 stillbirth and 1 neonatal death. CONCLUSIONS: although vertical transmission of SARS-Cov2 has been excluded thus far and the outcome for mothers and fetuses has been generally good, the high rate of preterm cesarean delivery is a reason for concern. These interventions were typically elective, and it is reasonable to question whether they were warranted or not. COVID-19 associated with respiratory insufficiency in late pregnancies certainly creates a complex clinical scenario."

Z8600021 at 00:14, 29 April 2020

2020-04-29T00:14:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:14, 29 April 2020
Line 39:		Line 39:
	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\|		\|

			* '''COVID19 during pregnancy: a systematic review of reported cases'''{{#pmid:32311350}\|PMID32311350}} "We searched electronically Pubmed, Cinahl, Scopus using combination of keywords "Coronavirus and/ or pregnancy"; "COVID and/or pregnancy"; "COVID disease and/or pregnancy"; "COVID pneumonia and/or pregnancy. There were no restriction of languages in order to collect as much cases as possible.
			STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: all pregnant women, with a COVID19 diagnosed with acid nucleic test, with reported data about pregnancy and, in case of delivery, reported outcomes. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: all the studies included have been evaluated according the tool for evaluating the methodological quality of case reports and case series described by Murad et al. RESULTS: 6 studies including 51 women were eligible for the systematic review. Three pregnancies were ongoing at the time of the report; of the remaining 48, 46 were delivered with a cesarean section and 2 vaginally; there was 1 stillbirth and 1 neonatal death. CONCLUSIONS: although vertical transmission of SARS-Cov2 has been excluded thus far and the outcome for mothers and fetuses has been generally good, the high rate of preterm cesarean delivery is a reason for concern. These interventions were typically elective, and it is reasonable to question whether they were warranted or not. COVID-19 associated with respiratory insufficiency in late pregnancies certainly creates a complex clinical scenario."

	* '''Zika Virus Detection in Amniotic Fluid and Zika-Associated Birth Defects'''{{#pmid:31954155\|PMID31954155}} "{{Zika virus}} (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects, including brain and eye abnormalities. The clinical importance of detection of ZIKV ribonucleic acid (RNA) in amniotic fluid is unknown. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of women with amniotic fluid specimens submitted to Colombia's National Institute of Health as part of national ZIKV surveillance from January 2016 to January 2017. ...Testing of amniotic fluid provided additional evidence for maternal diagnosis of ZIKV infection. Zika-associated birth defects were more common among women with ZIKV RNA detected in prenatal amniotic fluid specimens than women with no laboratory evidence of ZIKV infection, but similar to women with ZIKV RNA detected in other, non-amniotic fluid specimen types."		* '''Zika Virus Detection in Amniotic Fluid and Zika-Associated Birth Defects'''{{#pmid:31954155\|PMID31954155}} "{{Zika virus}} (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects, including brain and eye abnormalities. The clinical importance of detection of ZIKV ribonucleic acid (RNA) in amniotic fluid is unknown. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of women with amniotic fluid specimens submitted to Colombia's National Institute of Health as part of national ZIKV surveillance from January 2016 to January 2017. ...Testing of amniotic fluid provided additional evidence for maternal diagnosis of ZIKV infection. Zika-associated birth defects were more common among women with ZIKV RNA detected in prenatal amniotic fluid specimens than women with no laboratory evidence of ZIKV infection, but similar to women with ZIKV RNA detected in other, non-amniotic fluid specimen types."

Line 46:		Line 50:

	* '''The impact of timing of maternal influenza immunization on infant antibody levels at birth'''{{#pmid:30422307\|PMID30422307}} "Pregnant women and infants are at an increased risk of severe disease after influenza infection. Maternal immunization is a potent tool to protect both these at-risk groups. While the primary aim of maternal influenza vaccination is to protect the mother, a secondary benefit is the transfer of protective antibodies to the infant. A recent study using the tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine indicated that children born to mothers immunized in the second trimester of pregnancy had the highest antibody titres compared to children immunized in the third trimester. The aim of the current study was to investigate how the timing of maternal influenza immunization impacts infant antibody levels at birth. Antibody titres were assessed in maternal and cord blood samples by both immunoglobulin (Ig)G-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and haemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI). Antibody titres to the H1N1 component were significantly higher in infants born to mothers vaccinated in either the second or third trimesters than infants born to unvaccinated mothers. HAI levels in the infant were significantly lower when maternal immunization was performed less than 4 weeks before birth. These studies confirm that immunization during pregnancy increases the antibody titre in infants. Importantly, antibody levels in cord blood were significantly higher when the mother was vaccinated in either trimesters 2 or 3, although titres were significantly lower if the mother was immunized less than 4 weeks before birth. Based on these data, seasonal influenza vaccination should continue to be given in pregnancy as soon as it becomes available."		* '''The impact of timing of maternal influenza immunization on infant antibody levels at birth'''{{#pmid:30422307\|PMID30422307}} "Pregnant women and infants are at an increased risk of severe disease after influenza infection. Maternal immunization is a potent tool to protect both these at-risk groups. While the primary aim of maternal influenza vaccination is to protect the mother, a secondary benefit is the transfer of protective antibodies to the infant. A recent study using the tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine indicated that children born to mothers immunized in the second trimester of pregnancy had the highest antibody titres compared to children immunized in the third trimester. The aim of the current study was to investigate how the timing of maternal influenza immunization impacts infant antibody levels at birth. Antibody titres were assessed in maternal and cord blood samples by both immunoglobulin (Ig)G-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and haemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI). Antibody titres to the H1N1 component were significantly higher in infants born to mothers vaccinated in either the second or third trimesters than infants born to unvaccinated mothers. HAI levels in the infant were significantly lower when maternal immunization was performed less than 4 weeks before birth. These studies confirm that immunization during pregnancy increases the antibody titre in infants. Importantly, antibody levels in cord blood were significantly higher when the mother was vaccinated in either trimesters 2 or 3, although titres were significantly lower if the mother was immunized less than 4 weeks before birth. Based on these data, seasonal influenza vaccination should continue to be given in pregnancy as soon as it becomes available."

	* '''Human papillomavirus infection and intrauterine growth restriction: a data-linkage study'''{{#pmid:28889772\|PMID28889772}} "Using unbiased population data, to examine whether having a positive Pap smear, and thus a high probability of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection, is a significant risk factor for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in a subsequent pregnancy. Two independent population-based databases, namely the South Australian Perinatal Statistics Collection and the South Australian Cervical Screening Database, were deidentified and linked by the SANT Datalinkage Service. Analyses were performed on cases where Pap smear screening data was available for up to 2 years prior to a singleton live birth. ...Those having a positive Pap smear were more likely to have a baby with IUGR than those with negative smear results. For SGA, 5.8% babies were from mothers with positive Pap smears compared to 4.0% with negative smears indicating a 40% higher risk of having an SGA baby (95%CI 20-70%) among women with positive Pap smears. For VLBW, 7.6% mothers had positive Pap smears compared with 4.0% with negative smears (p < .001), which reflects a 90% increased risk (95%CI 40-150%). These associations reduced to 20% (95%CI 1-40%) and 50% (95%CI 10-100%) for SGA and VLBW, respectively, after adjusting for all other significant covariates including maternal age, ethnicity, marital status, occupation, smoking, pregnancy history, and maternal health during pregnancy. Mothers with a positive Pap smear have an increased risk of IUGR, especially for VLBW, which is independent of other risk factors. The results confirm previous findings in a small study and emphasise the need to consider the risks of both cancer and IUGR in all HPV vaccination programs."

	* '''The Association of H1N1 Pandemic Influenza with Congenital Anomaly Prevalence in Europe'''{{#pmid:23381200\|PMID23381200}} "In the context of the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) surveillance response to the 2009 influenza pandemic, we sought to establish whether there was a detectable increase of congenital anomaly prevalence among pregnancies exposed to influenza seasons in general, and whether any increase was greater during the 2009 pandemic than during other seasons. We performed an ecologic time series analysis based on 26,967 pregnancies with nonchromosomal congenital anomaly conceived from January 2007 to March 2011, reported by 15 EUROCAT registries. Analysis was performed for EUROCAT-defined anomaly subgroups, divided by whether there was a prior hypothesis of association with influenza. Influenza season exposure was based on World Health Organization data. Prevalence rate ratios were calculated comparing pregnancies exposed to influenza season during the congenital anomaly-specific critical period for embryo-fetal development to nonexposed pregnancies. Our data do not suggest an overall association of pandemic or seasonal influenza with congenital anomaly prevalence. One interpretation is that apparent influenza effects found in previous individual-based studies were confounded by or interacting with other risk factors. The associations of heart anomalies with pandemic influenza could be strain specific."

	* '''Influenza A/H1N1 MF59 adjuvanted vaccine in pregnant women and adverse perinatal outcomes: multicentre study'''{{#pmid:23381200\|PMID23381200}} "This large study using primary data collection found that MF59 adjuvanted A/H1N1 influenza vaccine did not result in an increased risk of adverse perinatal events and suggested a lower risk among vaccinated women. These findings should contribute to inform stakeholders and decision makers on the prescription of vaccination against influenza A/H1N1 in pregnant women."
	\|}		\|}
	{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"		{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
Line 65:		Line 63:
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{Older papers}}		\| {{Older papers}}
			* '''Human papillomavirus infection and intrauterine growth restriction: a data-linkage study'''{{#pmid:28889772\|PMID28889772}} "Using unbiased population data, to examine whether having a positive Pap smear, and thus a high probability of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection, is a significant risk factor for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in a subsequent pregnancy. Two independent population-based databases, namely the South Australian Perinatal Statistics Collection and the South Australian Cervical Screening Database, were deidentified and linked by the SANT Datalinkage Service. Analyses were performed on cases where Pap smear screening data was available for up to 2 years prior to a singleton live birth. ...Those having a positive Pap smear were more likely to have a baby with IUGR than those with negative smear results. For SGA, 5.8% babies were from mothers with positive Pap smears compared to 4.0% with negative smears indicating a 40% higher risk of having an SGA baby (95%CI 20-70%) among women with positive Pap smears. For VLBW, 7.6% mothers had positive Pap smears compared with 4.0% with negative smears (p < .001), which reflects a 90% increased risk (95%CI 40-150%). These associations reduced to 20% (95%CI 1-40%) and 50% (95%CI 10-100%) for SGA and VLBW, respectively, after adjusting for all other significant covariates including maternal age, ethnicity, marital status, occupation, smoking, pregnancy history, and maternal health during pregnancy. Mothers with a positive Pap smear have an increased risk of IUGR, especially for VLBW, which is independent of other risk factors. The results confirm previous findings in a small study and emphasise the need to consider the risks of both cancer and IUGR in all HPV vaccination programs."

			* '''The Association of H1N1 Pandemic Influenza with Congenital Anomaly Prevalence in Europe'''{{#pmid:23381200\|PMID23381200}} "In the context of the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) surveillance response to the 2009 influenza pandemic, we sought to establish whether there was a detectable increase of congenital anomaly prevalence among pregnancies exposed to influenza seasons in general, and whether any increase was greater during the 2009 pandemic than during other seasons. We performed an ecologic time series analysis based on 26,967 pregnancies with nonchromosomal congenital anomaly conceived from January 2007 to March 2011, reported by 15 EUROCAT registries. Analysis was performed for EUROCAT-defined anomaly subgroups, divided by whether there was a prior hypothesis of association with influenza. Influenza season exposure was based on World Health Organization data. Prevalence rate ratios were calculated comparing pregnancies exposed to influenza season during the congenital anomaly-specific critical period for embryo-fetal development to nonexposed pregnancies. Our data do not suggest an overall association of pandemic or seasonal influenza with congenital anomaly prevalence. One interpretation is that apparent influenza effects found in previous individual-based studies were confounded by or interacting with other risk factors. The associations of heart anomalies with pandemic influenza could be strain specific."

			* '''Influenza A/H1N1 MF59 adjuvanted vaccine in pregnant women and adverse perinatal outcomes: multicentre study'''{{#pmid:23381200\|PMID23381200}} "This large study using primary data collection found that MF59 adjuvanted A/H1N1 influenza vaccine did not result in an increased risk of adverse perinatal events and suggested a lower risk among vaccinated women. These findings should contribute to inform stakeholders and decision makers on the prescription of vaccination against influenza A/H1N1 in pregnant women."

	* '''Update on childhood and adolescent immunizations: selected review of US recommendations and literature: part 2'''{{#pmid:21743328\|PMID21743328}} "Vaccine coverage is relatively static or improving for the vaccines included in the 2010 annual harmonized immunization schedules. Providers should be reviewing patients' immunization records at each visit to take advantage of any opportunity to administer indicated, age-appropriate vaccines. There have been infectious disease outbreaks among highly immunized populations, although unvaccinated or undervaccinated individuals continue to play large roles in the spread of disease. Infants, many of whom are too young to be vaccinated, continue to bear a large disease burden, which underscores the importance of cocooning and, in some cases, vaccination of pregnant women. Influenza, measles, mumps, and rubella, varicella, hepatitis A, meningococcal conjugate, human papillomavirus, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis, and tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccines are reviewed in this second of two articles."		* '''Update on childhood and adolescent immunizations: selected review of US recommendations and literature: part 2'''{{#pmid:21743328\|PMID21743328}} "Vaccine coverage is relatively static or improving for the vaccines included in the 2010 annual harmonized immunization schedules. Providers should be reviewing patients' immunization records at each visit to take advantage of any opportunity to administer indicated, age-appropriate vaccines. There have been infectious disease outbreaks among highly immunized populations, although unvaccinated or undervaccinated individuals continue to play large roles in the spread of disease. Infants, many of whom are too young to be vaccinated, continue to bear a large disease burden, which underscores the importance of cocooning and, in some cases, vaccination of pregnant women. Influenza, measles, mumps, and rubella, varicella, hepatitis A, meningococcal conjugate, human papillomavirus, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis, and tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccines are reviewed in this second of two articles."

Z8600021 at 23:44, 17 March 2020

2020-03-17T23:44:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:44, 18 March 2020
Line 404:		Line 404:
	==Coronavirus==		==Coronavirus==
	[[File:MERS-CoV EM1.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) electron micrograph\|Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) electron micrograph (image CDC)]]		[[File:MERS-CoV EM1.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) electron micrograph\|Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) electron micrograph (image CDC)]]
	Coronaviruses (Latin ''corona'' = crown or halo) name refers to the appearance of their virions, due to the presence of a "crown" of surface spikes. Several of the ~~Coronavirus~~ infections in humans occur initially as respiratory infections that originated from animal contact as a {{zoonotic infection}}.		Coronaviruses (Latin ''corona'' = crown or halo) name refers to the appearance of their virions, due to the presence of a "crown" of surface spikes. Several of the {{coronavirus}} infections in humans occur initially as respiratory infections that originated from animal contact as a {{zoonotic infection}}.

Z8600021 at 00:02, 29 Ocak 2020

2020-01-29T00:02:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:02, 29 Ocak 2020
Line 473:		Line 473:

	A 2006 study of 72 infected infants (2003 and 2004) "almost all seemed normal, and none had conclusive laboratory evidence of congenital WNV infection. ...Three infants had WNV infection that could have been congenitally acquired, seven infants had major malformations, but only 3 of these had defects that could have been caused by maternal WNV infection based on the timing of the infections and the sensitive developmental period for the specific malformations, and none had any conclusive evidence of WNV etiology."{{#pmid:16510632\|PMID16510632}}		A 2006 study of 72 infected infants (2003 and 2004) "almost all seemed normal, and none had conclusive laboratory evidence of congenital WNV infection. ...Three infants had WNV infection that could have been congenitally acquired, seven infants had major malformations, but only 3 of these had defects that could have been caused by maternal WNV infection based on the timing of the infections and the sensitive developmental period for the specific malformations, and none had any conclusive evidence of WNV etiology."{{#pmid:16510632\|PMID16510632}}

			A 2017 study of {{zika virus}}, an identified teratogen, and {{West Nile virus}} appears that WNV did not to increase the risk for adverse birth outcomes, although teratogenicity could not been excluded.{{#pmid:28398684\|PMID28398684}}

Z8600021 at 14:34, 20 Ocak 2020

2020-01-20T14:34:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:34, 21 Ocak 2020
Line 403:		Line 403:

	==Coronavirus==		==Coronavirus==
			[[File:MERS-CoV EM1.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) electron micrograph\|Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) electron micrograph (image CDC)]]
	Coronaviruses (Latin ''corona'' = crown or halo) name refers to the appearance of their virions, due to the presence of a "crown" of surface spikes. Several of the Coronavirus infections in humans occur initially as respiratory infections that originated from animal contact as a {{zoonotic infection}}.		Coronaviruses (Latin ''corona'' = crown or halo) name refers to the appearance of their virions, due to the presence of a "crown" of surface spikes. Several of the Coronavirus infections in humans occur initially as respiratory infections that originated from animal contact as a {{zoonotic infection}}.

Z8600021 at 14:25, 20 Ocak 2020

2020-01-20T14:25:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:25, 21 Ocak 2020
Line 39:		Line 39:
	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\|		\|
			* '''Zika Virus Detection in Amniotic Fluid and Zika-Associated Birth Defects'''{{#pmid:31954155\|PMID31954155}} "{{Zika virus}} (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects, including brain and eye abnormalities. The clinical importance of detection of ZIKV ribonucleic acid (RNA) in amniotic fluid is unknown. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of women with amniotic fluid specimens submitted to Colombia's National Institute of Health as part of national ZIKV surveillance from January 2016 to January 2017. ...Testing of amniotic fluid provided additional evidence for maternal diagnosis of ZIKV infection. Zika-associated birth defects were more common among women with ZIKV RNA detected in prenatal amniotic fluid specimens than women with no laboratory evidence of ZIKV infection, but similar to women with ZIKV RNA detected in other, non-amniotic fluid specimen types."

	* '''Respiratory syncytial virus exhibits differential tropism for distinct human placental cell types with {{Hofbauer cell}}s acting as a permissive reservoir for infection'''{{#pmid:31790466\|PMID31790466}} "Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is capable of transient viremia and extrapulmonary dissemination. Recently, this virus has been identified in fetal cord blood, suggesting the possibility of in utero acquisition in humans. Here, we assess permissivity and kinetics of RSV replication in primary human placental cells, examine their potential to transfer this infection to neighboring cells, and measure the inflammatory response evoked by the virus. Human placental villus tissue was collected immediately upon delivery and processed for isolation of placental {{cytotrophoblast}}}, fibroblast, and macrophage (Hofbauer) cells. This study demonstrates that RSV can replicate in human placenta, exhibits differential tropism for distinct placental cell types, can be stored and transferred to neighboring cells by Hofbauer cells, and elicits an inflammatory response. It also supports the hypothesis that this respiratory virus can be vertically transferred to the fetus and potentially affect its development and the outcome of pregnancies."		* '''Respiratory syncytial virus exhibits differential tropism for distinct human placental cell types with {{Hofbauer cell}}s acting as a permissive reservoir for infection'''{{#pmid:31790466\|PMID31790466}} "Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is capable of transient viremia and extrapulmonary dissemination. Recently, this virus has been identified in fetal cord blood, suggesting the possibility of in utero acquisition in humans. Here, we assess permissivity and kinetics of RSV replication in primary human placental cells, examine their potential to transfer this infection to neighboring cells, and measure the inflammatory response evoked by the virus. Human placental villus tissue was collected immediately upon delivery and processed for isolation of placental {{cytotrophoblast}}}, fibroblast, and macrophage (Hofbauer) cells. This study demonstrates that RSV can replicate in human placenta, exhibits differential tropism for distinct placental cell types, can be stored and transferred to neighboring cells by Hofbauer cells, and elicits an inflammatory response. It also supports the hypothesis that this respiratory virus can be vertically transferred to the fetus and potentially affect its development and the outcome of pregnancies."

Z8600021 at 14:15, 20 Ocak 2020

2020-01-20T14:15:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:15, 21 Ocak 2020
Line 402:		Line 402:
	==Coronavirus==		==Coronavirus==

	Coronaviruses (Latin ''corona'' = crown or halo) name refers to the appearance of their virions, due to the presence of a "crown" of surface spikes.		Coronaviruses (Latin ''corona'' = crown or halo) name refers to the appearance of their virions, due to the presence of a "crown" of surface spikes. Several of the Coronavirus infections in humans occur initially as respiratory infections that originated from animal contact as a {{zoonotic infection}}.


Line 408:		Line 408:

	===Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)===		===Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)===
	First reported in Wuhan, {{China}} in 2019{{#pmid:31950516\|PMID31950516}} and it is too soon to establish the fetal effects of infection.{{#pmid:31953166\|PMID31953166}}		First reported in Wuhan, {{China}} in 2019{{#pmid:31950516\|PMID31950516}} and it is too soon to establish the fetal effects of infection{{#pmid:31953166\|PMID31953166}} and is currently thought to be clinically milder than either SARS or MERS.

	:'''Links:''' [https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2Fnovel-coronavirus-2019.html CDC]		:'''Links:''' [https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2Fnovel-coronavirus-2019.html CDC]

	===Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)===		===Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)===
	First reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012, has a mortality rate of approximately 34.5%{{#pmid:31668197\|PMID31668197}} and in pregnancy has resulted in fetal death in 27% of cases.{{#pmid:29907538\|PMID29907538}}		First reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012, has a mortality rate of approximately 34.5%{{#pmid:31668197\|PMID31668197}} and in pregnancy has resulted in fetal death in 27% of cases.{{#pmid:29907538\|PMID29907538}} MERS-CoV is a {{zoonotic infection}} with the primary reservoir thought to be camels or camel products.

	Impact of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) on pregnancy and perinatal outcome.{{#pmid:26936356\|PMID26936356}}		Impact of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) on pregnancy and perinatal outcome.{{#pmid:26936356\|PMID26936356}}
Line 422:		Line 422:
	First reported in {{China}} in 2002, and later in Asia in 2003, with a mortality rate of approximately 10%. SARS is a {{zoonotic infection}} with the primary reservoir of {{bat}}s and the intermediary source was civet cats.		First reported in {{China}} in 2002, and later in Asia in 2003, with a mortality rate of approximately 10%. SARS is a {{zoonotic infection}} with the primary reservoir of {{bat}}s and the intermediary source was civet cats.

	~~:'''Links:''' {{zoonotic infection}}~~

	== Adenovirus ==		== Adenovirus ==

Z8600021 at 14:09, 20 Ocak 2020

2020-01-20T14:09:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:09, 21 Ocak 2020
Line 407:		Line 407:
	Search PubMed: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Abnormal+Development+Coronavirus ''Abnormal Development Coronavirus''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Coronavirus+teratogen ''Coronavirus teratogen''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=SARS+Coronavirus+teratogen ''SARS Coronavirus teratogen'']		Search PubMed: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Abnormal+Development+Coronavirus ''Abnormal Development Coronavirus''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Coronavirus+teratogen ''Coronavirus teratogen''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=SARS+Coronavirus+teratogen ''SARS Coronavirus teratogen'']

	* '''Novel coronavirus~~'''~~ (2019-nCoV) - First reported in Wuhan, {{China}} in 2019{{#pmid:31950516\|PMID31950516}} and it is too soon to establish the fetal effects of infection.{{#pmid:31953166\|PMID31953166}}		===Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)===
			First reported in Wuhan, {{China}} in 2019{{#pmid:31950516\|PMID31950516}} and it is too soon to establish the fetal effects of infection.{{#pmid:31953166\|PMID31953166}}

	:Links: [https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2Fnovel-coronavirus-2019.html CDC]		:'''Links:''' [https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2Fnovel-coronavirus-2019.html CDC]

	* '''Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus~~'''~~ (MERS-CoV) - First reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012, has a mortality rate of approximately 34.5%{{#pmid:31668197\|PMID31668197}} and in pregnancy has resulted in fetal death in 27% of cases.{{#pmid:29907538\|PMID29907538}}		===Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)===
			First reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012, has a mortality rate of approximately 34.5%{{#pmid:31668197\|PMID31668197}} and in pregnancy has resulted in fetal death in 27% of cases.{{#pmid:29907538\|PMID29907538}}

	Impact of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) on pregnancy and perinatal outcome.{{#pmid:26936356\|PMID26936356}}		Impact of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) on pregnancy and perinatal outcome.{{#pmid:26936356\|PMID26936356}}
Line 417:		Line 419:
	:"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) known to cause severe acute respiratory illness associated with a high risk of mortality Various factors may have contributed to the successful outcome of this patient such as young age, presentation during the last stages of pregnancy, and possible differences in immune response."		:"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) known to cause severe acute respiratory illness associated with a high risk of mortality Various factors may have contributed to the successful outcome of this patient such as young age, presentation during the last stages of pregnancy, and possible differences in immune response."

	* '''Severe acute respiratory syndrome~~'''~~ (SARS) - First reported in {{China}} in 2002, and later in Asia in 2003, with a mortality rate of approximately 10%. SARS is a {{zoonotic infection}} with the primary reservoir of {{bat}}s and the intermediary source was civet cats.		===Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)===
			First reported in {{China}} in 2002, and later in Asia in 2003, with a mortality rate of approximately 10%. SARS is a {{zoonotic infection}} with the primary reservoir of {{bat}}s and the intermediary source was civet cats.

			:'''Links:''' {{zoonotic infection}}

	== Adenovirus ==		== Adenovirus ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:09, 5 July 2022
Line 38:		Line 38:
	{\|		{\|
	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\|		\|

	* '''Pregnancy and birth outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pregnancy'''{{#pmid:34425297\|PMID34425297}} "...In this birth cohort, vaccinated pregnant women were less likely than unvaccinated pregnant patients to experience COVID-19 infection, and COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with increased pregnancy or delivery complications. The cohort was skewed toward late pregnancy vaccination, and thus, findings may not be generalizable to vaccination during early pregnancy."		* '''Pregnancy and birth outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pregnancy'''{{#pmid:34425297\|PMID34425297}} "...In this birth cohort, vaccinated pregnant women were less likely than unvaccinated pregnant patients to experience COVID-19 infection, and COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with increased pregnancy or delivery complications. The cohort was skewed toward late pregnancy vaccination, and thus, findings may not be generalizable to vaccination during early pregnancy."

	* '''COVID19 during pregnancy: a systematic review of reported cases'''{{#pmid:32311350\|PMID32311350}} "We searched electronically Pubmed, Cinahl, Scopus using combination of keywords "Coronavirus and/ or pregnancy"; "COVID and/or pregnancy"; "COVID disease and/or pregnancy"; "COVID pneumonia and/or pregnancy. There were no restriction of languages in order to collect as much cases as possible.STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: all pregnant women, with a COVID19 diagnosed with acid nucleic test, with reported data about pregnancy and, in case of delivery, reported outcomes. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: all the studies included have been evaluated according the tool for evaluating the methodological quality of case reports and case series described by Murad et al. RESULTS: 6 studies including 51 women were eligible for the systematic review. Three pregnancies were ongoing at the time of the report; of the remaining 48, 46 were delivered with a cesarean section and 2 vaginally; there was 1 stillbirth and 1 neonatal death. CONCLUSIONS: although vertical transmission of SARS-Cov2 has been excluded thus far and the outcome for mothers and fetuses has been generally good, the high rate of preterm cesarean delivery is a reason for concern. These interventions were typically elective, and it is reasonable to question whether they were warranted or not. COVID-19 associated with respiratory insufficiency in late pregnancies certainly creates a complex clinical scenario."		* '''COVID19 during pregnancy: a systematic review of reported cases'''{{#pmid:32311350\|PMID32311350}} "We searched electronically Pubmed, Cinahl, Scopus using combination of keywords "Coronavirus and/ or pregnancy"; "COVID and/or pregnancy"; "COVID disease and/or pregnancy"; "COVID pneumonia and/or pregnancy. There were no restriction of languages in order to collect as much cases as possible.STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: all pregnant women, with a COVID19 diagnosed with acid nucleic test, with reported data about pregnancy and, in case of delivery, reported outcomes. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: all the studies included have been evaluated according the tool for evaluating the methodological quality of case reports and case series described by Murad et al. RESULTS: 6 studies including 51 women were eligible for the systematic review. Three pregnancies were ongoing at the time of the report; of the remaining 48, 46 were delivered with a cesarean section and 2 vaginally; there was 1 stillbirth and 1 neonatal death. CONCLUSIONS: although vertical transmission of SARS-Cov2 has been excluded thus far and the outcome for mothers and fetuses has been generally good, the high rate of preterm cesarean delivery is a reason for concern. These interventions were typically elective, and it is reasonable to question whether they were warranted or not. COVID-19 associated with respiratory insufficiency in late pregnancies certainly creates a complex clinical scenario." See also {{#pmid:32969772\|PMID32969772}

	* '''Zika Virus Detection in Amniotic Fluid and Zika-Associated Birth Defects'''{{#pmid:31954155\|PMID31954155}} "{{Zika virus}} (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects, including brain and eye abnormalities. The clinical importance of detection of ZIKV ribonucleic acid (RNA) in amniotic fluid is unknown. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of women with amniotic fluid specimens submitted to Colombia's National Institute of Health as part of national ZIKV surveillance from January 2016 to January 2017. ...Testing of amniotic fluid provided additional evidence for maternal diagnosis of ZIKV infection. Zika-associated birth defects were more common among women with ZIKV RNA detected in prenatal amniotic fluid specimens than women with no laboratory evidence of ZIKV infection, but similar to women with ZIKV RNA detected in other, non-amniotic fluid specimen types."		* '''Zika Virus Detection in Amniotic Fluid and Zika-Associated Birth Defects'''{{#pmid:31954155\|PMID31954155}} "{{Zika virus}} (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects, including brain and eye abnormalities. The clinical importance of detection of ZIKV ribonucleic acid (RNA) in amniotic fluid is unknown. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of women with amniotic fluid specimens submitted to Colombia's National Institute of Health as part of national ZIKV surveillance from January 2016 to January 2017. ...Testing of amniotic fluid provided additional evidence for maternal diagnosis of ZIKV infection. Zika-associated birth defects were more common among women with ZIKV RNA detected in prenatal amniotic fluid specimens than women with no laboratory evidence of ZIKV infection, but similar to women with ZIKV RNA detected in other, non-amniotic fluid specimen types."