S8600021 at 03:27, 24 August 2011

2011-08-24T03:27:20Z

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	* How serious to the embryo, fetus, newborn, child and adult are these conditions.		* How serious to the embryo, fetus, newborn, child and adult are these conditions.
	* What therapeutics are available for these conditions.		* What therapeutics are available for these conditions.


			{{2011Lab5Footer}}

S8600021: Created page with "{{2011Lab5}} ==Atresia and Stenosis== The gastrointestinal tract can be considered as a simple tube or pipe, anything which blocks the tube (at different levels) can have diffe..."

2011-08-24T03:18:58Z

Created page with "{{2011Lab5}} ==Atresia and Stenosis== The gastrointestinal tract can be considered as a simple tube or pipe, anything which blocks the tube (at different levels) can have diffe..."

New page

{{2011Lab5}}

==Atresia and Stenosis==

The gastrointestinal tract can be considered as a simple tube or pipe, anything which blocks the tube (at different levels) can have different effects.
[[File:Gastrointestinal tract duplication sites.jpg|thumb|Gastrointestinal tract duplication sites based upon 78 clinical studies.<ref><pubmed>718292</pubmed></ref>]]

There are two types of abnormalities that impact upon the continuity of the gastrointestinal tract lumen.

'''Atresia''' - interuption of the lumen (esophageal atresia, duodenal atresia, extrahepatic biliary atresia, anorectal atresia)

'''Stenosis''' - narrowing of the lumen (duodenal stenosis, pyloric stenosis)

'''Duplication''' - incomplete recanalization resulting in parallel lumens, this is really a specialized form of stenosis.

==Persistent Vitelline Duct==
[[File:Meckel's diverticulum 01.jpg|300px]] [[File:Endoderm_cartoon.jpg|400px]]

Meckel's Diverticulum

==Abnormal Gut Rotation==

{| class="prettytable"
| [[File:Intestinal_malrotation.jpg]]
| Presents clinically in symptomatic malrotation as:

Neonates - bilious vomiting and bloody stools.

Newborn - bilious vomiting and failure to thrive.

Infants - recurrent abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, malabsorption/diarrhea, peritonitis/septic shock, solid food intolerance, common bile duct obstruction, abdominal distention, and failure to thrive.

'''Ladd's Bands''' - are a series of bands crossing the duodenum which can cause duodenal obstruction.
|}

Midgut Volvulus, Situs Inversus

:'''Links:''' [[Gastrointestinal Tract - Abnormalities]]

==Organ Abnormalities==

Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia, Accessory Pancreatic Tissue, Anular Pancreas, Accessory Spleen

==Motility Disorders==

Aganglionic colon (Hirschprung's disease) - abnormalities of neural crest migration.

==Related Abnormalities==
===Abdominal Wall Defects===
{|
|
[[File:Gastroschisis_01.jpg|400px]]
| Gastroschisis is a developmental abnormality occurs due to an abdominal wall defect, that allows the evisceration of the intestine.

* [[Quicktime_Ultrasound_-_Gastroschisis_01|Movie - Ultrasound detection of Gastroschisis]]
* Development of gastroschisis: Review of hypotheses, a novel hypothesis, and implications for research. Am J Med Genet A. 2007 Jan 17 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17230493 PMID17230493]
|}

===Clefting===
[[File:Bilateral_cleft_palate.jpg|thumb|Bilateral cleft palate]]
Cleft lip and palate can affect postnatal nutrition, due to the inability of the infant to form a liquid seal on the breast during feeding.

:'''Links:''' [http://www.cleftline.org/parents/feeding_your_baby Cleft Palate Foundation - feeding your baby]

====Cleft Lip====

An abnormality of face development leading to an opening in the upper lip. Due to failure during the embryonic period of maxillary process fusion with the frontonasal prominence. Clefting of the lip and or palate occurs with 300+ different abnormalities. Depending on many factors, this cleft may extend further into the oral cavity leading to a cleft palate. In most cases clefting of the lip and palate can be repaired by surgery.

====Cleft Palate====

An abnormality of face development leading to an opening in the palate, the roof of the oral cavity between the mouth and the nose. If it occurs alone, due to failure during the early fetal period of palatal shelves. Clefting of the lip and or palate occurs with 300+ different abnormalities. In most cases clefting of the lip and palate can be repaired by surgery.

===Galactosemia===

A genetic enzyme deficiency disorder, the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase metabolizes galactose in milk sugar. The incidence is approximately 1 in 60,000 births among Caucasians and the rate is different for other groups.

:'''Links:''' [[Normal Development - Milk]] | [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000366.htm MedlinePlus - Galactosemia]

===Meconium Peritonitis===

A condition caused by intra-uterine intestinal perforation leading to a sterile inflammatory reaction of the peritoneum.

==Abnormalities and Development==
* How these abnormalities may be generated in development.
* When they first occur.
* How can we detect these abnormalites.
* Do the abnormalites have a direct or indirect effect on the GIT.
* How serious to the embryo, fetus, newborn, child and adult are these conditions.
* What therapeutics are available for these conditions.

2011 Lab 5 - Abnormalities - Revision history

S8600021 at 03:27, 24 August 2011

S8600021: Created page with "{{2011Lab5}} ==Atresia and Stenosis== The gastrointestinal tract can be considered as a simple tube or pipe, anything which blocks the tube (at different levels) can have diffe..."