2010 Lecture 5 - Revision history

S8600021: /* Mesoderm Development */

2010-08-27T15:46:55Z

Mesoderm Development

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	[[Image:Stage9sm.jpg\|thumb\|Carnegie stage 9 showing somite formation]]		[[Image:Stage9sm.jpg\|thumb\|Carnegie stage 9 showing somite formation]]
	[[Image:Stage 9 SEM1.jpg\|thumb\|Carnegie stage 9 scanning electron microscope image showing somite formation]]		[[Image:Stage 9 SEM1.jpg\|thumb\|Carnegie stage 9 scanning electron microscope image showing somite formation]]
			[[File:Stage11_sem100c.jpg\|thumb\|Carnegie stage 11 mesoderm]]

	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==

S8600021: /* Myotome= */

2010-08-23T03:34:23Z

Myotome=

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	* dermotome continues to contribute cells to myotome		* dermotome continues to contribute cells to myotome

	==Myotome===		===Myotome===
	* Myotome component of Somite		* Myotome component of Somite
	** epaxial myotome (dorsomedial quarter) forms the dorsal epimere (erector spinae)		** epaxial myotome (dorsomedial quarter) forms the dorsal epimere (erector spinae)
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	* Myoblast determining transcription factor MyoD is first expressed in the dorsomedial quadrant of the still epithelial somite whose cells are not yet definitely committed		* Myoblast determining transcription factor MyoD is first expressed in the dorsomedial quadrant of the still epithelial somite whose cells are not yet definitely committed
	** basic Helix Loop Helix		** basic Helix Loop Helix
	** ~~form~~ myotome		** from myotome

	===Muscle Development Abnormalities===		===Muscle Development Abnormalities===

S8600021: /* Dermomyotome */

2010-08-23T03:33:58Z

Dermomyotome

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 * mixes with somatic mesoderm
 * dermotome continues to contribute cells to myotome
 ===Muscle Development Abnormalities===

S8600021: /* Sclerotome */

2010-08-23T03:33:15Z

Sclerotome

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	** other half intervertebral disc		** other half intervertebral disc
	* therefore final vertebral segmentation ‚"shifts"		* therefore final vertebral segmentation ‚"shifts"

	~~Muscle~~
	* Myoblast determining transcription factor MyoD is first expressed in the dorsomedial quadrant of the still epithelial somite whose cells are not yet definitely committed
	** basic Helix Loop Helix
	** form myotome
	* Myotome component of Somite
	** epaxial myotome (dorsomedial quarter) forms the dorsal epimere (erector spinae)
	** hypaxial myotome (dorsolateral quarter) forms the ventral hypomere, 3 primary muscle layers which are different at neck, thorax and abdomen
	~~[[Image:Stage14 somites limbbuds.png\|thumb\|Stage 14 Embryo showing somites and limb buds (Week 5)]]~~

	===Dermomyotome===		===Dermomyotome===

S8600021 at 02:05, 9 August 2010

2010-08-09T02:05:05Z

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	</quiz>		</quiz>
			==Lecture Links==

			* '''Mesoderm Slides''' [[2009_Lecture_5\|2009 Lecture]] \| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/pdf/ANAT2341L6Mesoderms1.pdf Mesoderm Lecture 2008 - 1 slide/page ] \| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/pdf/ANAT2341L6Mesoderms4.pdf Lecture 3 2008 Slides - 4 slides/page] \| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/pdf/ANAT2341L6Mesoderms6.pdf Mesoderm Lecture 2008 Slides - 6 slides/page]

			* '''Mesoderm''' [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Movies/week4.htm Week 4 Movies] \| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Movies/mesoderm.htm Mesoderm Movies] \|
			* '''Mesoderm Notes''' [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/week4.htm Week 4] \| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/week4_4.htm Week 4 - Somites] \| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/coelom.htm Coelomic Cavity Development] \| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/skmus.htm Musculoskeletal Development] \|


	{{Template:2010ANAT2341}}		{{Template:2010ANAT2341}}

S8600021: /* Lecture Links */

2010-08-09T02:04:51Z

Lecture Links

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	Compare the mesoderm structures to those formed by ectoderm (neural tube and epidermis) and endoderm (epithelia of developing gastrointestinal tract).		Compare the mesoderm structures to those formed by ectoderm (neural tube and epidermis) and endoderm (epithelia of developing gastrointestinal tract).
	\|}		\|}

	~~==Lecture Links==~~

	* '''Mesoderm Slides''' [[2009_Lecture_5\|2009 Lecture]] \| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/pdf/ANAT2341L6Mesoderms1.pdf Mesoderm Lecture 2008 - 1 slide/page ] \| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/pdf/ANAT2341L6Mesoderms4.pdf Lecture 3 2008 Slides - 4 slides/page] \| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/pdf/ANAT2341L6Mesoderms6.pdf Mesoderm Lecture 2008 Slides - 6 slides/page]

	* '''Mesoderm''' [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Movies/week4.htm Week 4 Movies] \| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Movies/mesoderm.htm Mesoderm Movies] \|
	* '''Mesoderm Notes''' [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/week4.htm Week 4] \| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/week4_4.htm Week 4 - Somites] \| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/coelom.htm Coelomic Cavity Development] \| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/skmus.htm Musculoskeletal Development] \|

	==Take the Quiz==		==Take the Quiz==

S8600021: /* Lecture Links */

2010-08-09T02:04:32Z

Lecture Links

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	* '''Mesoderm Notes''' [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/week4.htm Week 4] \| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/week4_4.htm Week 4 - Somites] \| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/coelom.htm Coelomic Cavity Development] \| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/skmus.htm Musculoskeletal Development] \|		* '''Mesoderm Notes''' [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/week4.htm Week 4] \| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/week4_4.htm Week 4 - Somites] \| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/coelom.htm Coelomic Cavity Development] \| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/skmus.htm Musculoskeletal Development] \|

			==Take the Quiz==
			<quiz display=simple>

			{Mesenchyme refers to the middle layer of the trilaminar embryo
			\|type="()"}
			- true
			+ false
			\|\| The the middle layer of the trilaminar embryo is the '''mesoderm''' (meaning middle layer), while most of these cells are mesemchymal in appearance, this term is used to describe the cell histological appearance/organization.

			{The intraembryonic coelom forms within :
			\|type="()"}
			- somites
			+ lateral plate
			- neural tube
			- intermediate mesoderm
			\|\|The intraembryonic coelom forms initially small spaces in the mesoderm layer and coalesce to form a single large "horseshoe-shaped" space within the '''lateral plate mesoderm''' around the embryonic disc. Both young somites (somitocoels) and the neural tube (neural tube lumen) do have cavities, but neither is called the intraembryonic coelom.

			{All paraxial mesoderm segments into somites.
			\|type="()"}
			- true
			+ false
			\|\| While somites do form within paraxial mesoderm, this region remains unsegmented at the level of the head and therefore does not incorporate into somites.


			{Somites are developmental structures that contribute the following adult structures :
			\|type="()"}
			- vertebra, notochord, dermis, skeletal muscle
			+ vertebra, intervertebral discs, dermis, skeletal muscle
			- kidney, body wall connective tissue, sensory ganglia
			- kidney, gastrointestinal tract smooth muscle, mesentry
			\|\|Each somite has specific regions that contribute different components of the embryo. Sclerotome contributes the vertebral column ('''vertebra, intervertebral discs'''). Dermotome contributes the connective tissue layers of the skin ('''dermis''', hypodermis). Myotome ontributes the '''skeletal muscle''' of the body and limbs.


			</quiz>

	{{Template:2010ANAT2341}}		{{Template:2010ANAT2341}}

S8600021: /* Dermomyotome */

2010-08-09T01:29:39Z

Dermomyotome

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	===Dermomyotome===		===Dermomyotome===
	* later divides into dorsal '''dermatome''' and ventral '''myotome'''		* later divides into dorsal '''dermatome''' and ventral '''myotome'''
	** (This topic of muscle and skeleton development will be covered in 2 later lectures [[2010_Lecture_13\|Musculoskeletal Development]] and [[2010_Lecture_14\|Limb Development]])		** ('''MH''' - This topic of muscle and skeleton development will be covered in 2 later lectures [[2010_Lecture_13\|Musculoskeletal Development]] and [[2010_Lecture_14\|Limb Development]])

	* lateral myotome edge migrates at level of limbs		* lateral myotome edge migrates at level of limbs

S8600021: /* Dermomyotome */

2010-08-08T22:05:31Z

Dermomyotome

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:05, 9 August 2010
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	===Dermomyotome===		===Dermomyotome===
			* later divides into dorsal '''dermatome''' and ventral '''myotome'''
			** (This topic of muscle and skeleton development will be covered in 2 later lectures [[2010_Lecture_13\|Musculoskeletal Development]] and [[2010_Lecture_14\|Limb Development]])

	* lateral myotome edge migrates at level of limbs		* lateral myotome edge migrates at level of limbs
	* upper limb first then lower		* upper limb first then lower
	* mixes with somatic mesoderm		* mixes with somatic mesoderm
	* dermotome continues to contribute cells to myotome		* dermotome continues to contribute cells to myotome

	===Muscle Development Abnormalities===		===Muscle Development Abnormalities===

S8600021: /* Chicken Model - Somite formation */

2010-08-08T21:58:51Z

Chicken Model - Somite formation

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	==Chicken Model - Somite formation==		==Chicken Model - Somite formation==
	[[File:~~Chick_E12~~.jpg\|thumb\|~~Chicken~~ (~~day 12~~)]]		[[File:Chick33h.jpg\|thumb\|Hamburger & Hamilton Stage 10 (33 hours)]]
	* Chicken Stages -regular appearance of somites (somitomere to somite) allowed early experimenters to accurately stage the embryo [[Chicken Development]]		* Chicken Stages -regular appearance of somites (somitomere to somite) allowed early experimenters to accurately stage the embryo [[Chicken Development]]
	* Advantages - accessible, easy to manipulate, limb grafts/removal, chimeras, developmental processes		* Advantages - accessible, easy to manipulate, limb grafts/removal, chimeras, developmental processes