2010 Lecture 23 - Revision history

S8600021: /* Apgar Test */

2010-10-17T05:07:13Z

Apgar Test

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:07, 17 October 2010
Line 358:		Line 358:

	\|}		\|}

			'''Reference:''' Apgar, V. A proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn infant. Curr Res Anesth Analg. 1953 Jul-Aug;32(4):260-7. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=13083014 PMID:13083014]

S8600021: /* Neonatal Testing */

2010-10-17T05:06:41Z

Neonatal Testing

@@ Line 305: / Line 305: @@
 * '''Ductus Arteriosus''' - a direct connection between the pulmonary trunk and the dorsal aorta. Postnatal closure occurs initially by by smooth muscle contraction and begins at the first breath and is rapid, completed within the first day (about 15 hr after birth). Anatomical closure is much slower occuring by 2–3 weeks after birth (33% of infants), by 2 months (90% of infants) and by 1 year (99% of infants). The adult anatomical remnant of the ductus arteriosus is the ligamentum arteriosum.
 * '''Ductus Venosus''' - connects portal and umbilical blood to the inferior vena cava. Functional closure occurs postnatally within hours. Structural closure commences days after birth and completes by 18 to 20 days. The adult anatomical remnant of the ductus venosus is the ligamentum venosum (a dorsal fissure on the liver).
 ==Neonatal Testing==

S8600021: /* Guthrie Test */

2010-10-17T05:06:15Z

Guthrie Test

@@ Line 354: / Line 354: @@
 '''Reference:''' Apgar, V. A proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn infant. Curr Res Anesth Analg. 1953 Jul-Aug;32(4):260-7. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=13083014 PMID:13083014]
 ===Guthrie Test===
 [[File:Guthrie_card.jpg|thumb|Guthrie card]]
-Routine Screened Disorders
+A blood screening test developed by Dr Robert Guthrie (1916-95) at University of Buffalo.<ref><pubmed>14063511</pubmed></ref> The test is carried out on neonatal (newborn) blood detecting markers for a variety of known disorders (phenylketonuria (PKU), hypothyroidism and cystic fibrosis). In the Australian states of NSW and Victoria, the Guthrie Cards are currently stored indefinitely.
-* Biotinidase Deficiency ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=253260 OMIM])
+:'''Links:''' [[Guthrie test]]
 ===Heart===

S8600021: /* Fetal Neural */

2010-10-17T05:01:41Z

Fetal Neural

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:01, 17 October 2010
Line 62:		Line 62:

	==Fetal Neural==		==Fetal Neural==
			[[File:Brain_ventricles_and_ganglia_development_03.jpg\|500px]]

			[[File:Brain_fissure_development_02.jpg\|500px]]

	[[File:Neural-development.jpg\|thumb\|Timeline of events in Human Neural Development]]		[[File:Neural-development.jpg\|thumb\|Timeline of events in Human Neural Development]]
	[[File:Gray0654.jpg\|thumb\|Human brain at three months (median sagittal section)]]		[[File:Gray0654.jpg\|thumb\|Human brain at three months (median sagittal section)]]

S8600021: /* Gonad Descent */

2010-10-17T04:58:58Z

Gonad Descent

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:58, 17 October 2010
Line 146:		Line 146:
	* '''Testes''' ‐ two anatomical phases in descent, transabdominal and transinguinal, under the influence of the shortening gubernaculum.		* '''Testes''' ‐ two anatomical phases in descent, transabdominal and transinguinal, under the influence of the shortening gubernaculum.

	[[File:~~Testis-descent_start~~.jpg\|~~300px~~]][[File:Testis-~~descent_end~~.jpg\|300px]][[File:~~Testis_001 icon~~.jpg\|~~160px\|link=Quicktime Development_Animation_-_Testis_Descent~~]]		[[File:Testis_001 icon.jpg\|160px\|link=Quicktime Development_Animation_-_Testis_Descent]][[File:Testis-descent_start.jpg\|300px]][[File:Testis-descent_end.jpg\|300px]]

	[[Quicktime Development_Animation_-_Testis_Descent\|Testis Descent]]		[[Quicktime Development_Animation_-_Testis_Descent\|Testis Descent]]

S8600021: /* Gonad Descent */

2010-10-17T04:58:34Z

Gonad Descent

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:58, 17 October 2010
Line 146:		Line 146:
	* '''Testes''' ‐ two anatomical phases in descent, transabdominal and transinguinal, under the influence of the shortening gubernaculum.		* '''Testes''' ‐ two anatomical phases in descent, transabdominal and transinguinal, under the influence of the shortening gubernaculum.

	[[File:Testis-descent_start.jpg\|300px]][[File:Testis-descent_end.jpg\|300px]]		[[File:Testis-descent_start.jpg\|300px]][[File:Testis-descent_end.jpg\|300px]][[File:Testis_001 icon.jpg\|160px\|link=Quicktime Development_Animation_-_Testis_Descent]]

			[[Quicktime Development_Animation_-_Testis_Descent\|Testis Descent]]

	The testis (white) lies in the subserous fascia (spotted) a cavity processus vaginalis evaginates into the scrotum, and the gubernaculum (green) attached to the testis shortens drawing it into the scotal sac. As it descends it passes through the inguinal canal which extends from the deep ring (transversalis fascia) to the superficial ring (external oblique muscle). Descent of the testes into the scrotal sac begins generally during week 26 and may take several days. The animation shows the path of a single testis.		The testis (white) lies in the subserous fascia (spotted) a cavity processus vaginalis evaginates into the scrotum, and the gubernaculum (green) attached to the testis shortens drawing it into the scotal sac. As it descends it passes through the inguinal canal which extends from the deep ring (transversalis fascia) to the superficial ring (external oblique muscle). Descent of the testes into the scrotal sac begins generally during week 26 and may take several days. The animation shows the path of a single testis.

	~~[[File:Testis_001 icon.jpg\|160px\|link=Quicktime Development_Animation_-_Testis_Descent]]~~

	~~[[Quicktime Development_Animation_-_Testis_Descent\|Testis Descent]]~~

	Incomplete or failed descent can occur unilaterally or bilaterally, is more common in premature births, and can be completed postnatally.		Incomplete or failed descent can occur unilaterally or bilaterally, is more common in premature births, and can be completed postnatally.

S8600021: /* Fetal Genital */

2010-10-17T04:58:03Z

Fetal Genital

@@ Line 134: / Line 134: @@
 '''MH''' - introduced in the [[2010_Lecture_16|Genital Development]] lecture.
-* ovary and testis development
+===Gonad Descent===
-* external genital development
-* testis descent
+* Both kidney and gonads develop retroperitoneally, with the gonads moving into the abdomen or eventually into the scrotal sacs.
 ==Fetal Endocrine==

S8600021: /* Fetal Weight */

2010-10-17T04:53:02Z

Fetal Weight

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:53, 17 October 2010
Line 31:		Line 31:

	See also Fetal origins hypothesis and [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Child/birthweight.htm Normal Development - Birth - Low Birth Weight]		See also Fetal origins hypothesis and [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Child/birthweight.htm Normal Development - Birth - Low Birth Weight]

			==Birth Weight==

			{\|
			\|-
			\| '''Birth weight''' (grams)
			\| less 500
			\| 500 – 999
			\| 1,000 – 1,499
			\| 1,500 – 1,999
			\| 2,000 – 2,499
			\| 2,500 – 2,999
			\| 3,000 – 3,499
			\| 3,500 – 3,999
			\| 4,000 – 4,499
			\| 4,500 – 4,999
			\| 5,000 or more
			\|-
			\| '''Classification'''
			\| bgcolor= "IndianRed" colspan="2" \| Extremely Low Birth Weight
			\| bgcolor= "DarkSalmon" colspan="1" \| Very Low Birth Weight
			\| bgcolor= "DarkOrange" colspan="2" \| Low Birth Weight
			\| bgcolor= "MediumSeaGreen" colspan="3" \| Normal Birth Weight
			\| bgcolor= "DarkOrange" colspan="3" \| High Birth Weight
			\|-

			\|}

			The primary causes of VLBW are premature birth (born <37 weeks gestation, and often <30 weeks) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), usually due to problems with placenta, maternal health, or to birth defects. Many VLBW babies with IUGR are preterm and thus are both physically small and physiologically immature.

	==Fetal Neural==		==Fetal Neural==

S8600021: /* Cardiovascular */

2010-10-17T04:52:44Z

Cardiovascular

@@ Line 249: / Line 249: @@
 * '''Ductus Arteriosus''' - a direct connection between the pulmonary trunk and the dorsal aorta. Postnatal closure occurs initially by by smooth muscle contraction and begins at the first breath and is rapid, completed within the first day (about 15 hr after birth). Anatomical closure is much slower occuring by 2–3 weeks after birth (33% of infants), by 2 months (90% of infants) and by 1 year (99% of infants). The adult anatomical remnant of the ductus arteriosus is the ligamentum arteriosum.
 * '''Ductus Venosus''' - connects portal and umbilical blood to the inferior vena cava. Functional closure occurs postnatally within hours. Structural closure commences days after birth and completes by 18 to 20 days. The adult anatomical remnant of the ductus venosus is the ligamentum venosum (a dorsal fissure on the liver).
 ==Neonatal Testing==

S8600021: /* Neonatal Testing */

2010-10-17T04:52:19Z

Neonatal Testing

@@ Line 249: / Line 249: @@
 * '''Ductus Arteriosus''' - a direct connection between the pulmonary trunk and the dorsal aorta. Postnatal closure occurs initially by by smooth muscle contraction and begins at the first breath and is rapid, completed within the first day (about 15 hr after birth). Anatomical closure is much slower occuring by 2–3 weeks after birth (33% of infants), by 2 months (90% of infants) and by 1 year (99% of infants). The adult anatomical remnant of the ductus arteriosus is the ligamentum arteriosum.
 * '''Ductus Venosus''' - connects portal and umbilical blood to the inferior vena cava. Functional closure occurs postnatally within hours. Structural closure commences days after birth and completes by 18 to 20 days. The adult anatomical remnant of the ductus venosus is the ligamentum venosum (a dorsal fissure on the liver).
 ==Neonatal Testing==