2010 Group Project 6 - Revision history

MarkHill at 00:44, 7 October 2010

2010-10-07T00:44:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:44, 7 October 2010
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			<div style="background:#F5FFFA; border: 1px solid #CEF2E0; padding: 1em; margin: auto; width: 98%; float:left;"><div style="margin:0;background-color:#cef2e0;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:left;color:#000;padding-left:0.4em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.2em;">Notice - Mark Hill</div>This page is an undergraduate science embryology student [[Template:Projects10\|Group Project 2010]].</div>
	='''Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein'''=		='''Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein'''=
	[[File:9_Week_Human_Embryo.jpg\|thumb\|right]]		[[File:9_Week_Human_Embryo.jpg\|thumb\|right]]

MarkHill: Protected "2010 Group Project 6": end of project ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite))

2010-10-07T00:29:25Z

Protected "2010 Group Project 6": end of project ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite))

← Older revision	Revision as of 11:29, 7 October 2010
(No difference)

Z3186755: /* MSAFP testing and the community */

2010-10-04T13:45:47Z

MSAFP testing and the community

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:45, 5 October 2010
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	Iles and Gath found that nearly one half of the women in their study had symptoms of grief six months after the abortion and almost one third continued to grieve thirteen months after the termination. Studies also showed that unplanned pregnancy abortions had the same mental effects as planned pregnancy abortions due to parents developing maternal attachments. Therein lies the problem associated with Alpha feta protein testing as it may cause parents to abort after learning of defects with the fetus.		Iles and Gath found that nearly one half of the women in their study had symptoms of grief six months after the abortion and almost one third continued to grieve thirteen months after the termination. Studies also showed that unplanned pregnancy abortions had the same mental effects as planned pregnancy abortions due to parents developing maternal attachments. Therein lies the problem associated with Alpha feta protein testing as it may cause parents to abort after learning of defects with the fetus.

	Issues that arise from prenatal testing can also have effects on the community at large. The contrast of termination and prenatal testing shows that women are less inclined to get tested because they are concerned about how they would feel if they found genetic disorders with their unborn baby. The grief that other parents have endured causes others to not conduct prenatal tests including AFP testing. Hvidovre University Hospital conducted research into the ~~liklihood~~ of women declining this test and why they did so. The most interesting finding of the ~~servey~~ was that of women who had a previous spontaneous abortion 24.1% refused to test while 14.8% of women who didn’t, accepted to do the test. This shows that women are refusing the test because they are aware they may get an abortion if the fetus has a defect and are conscious of the grief and guilt that may follow an abortion. The report also showed that women who were against abortions were less inclined to have the test further proving the previous point<ref><pubmed> 7531936</pubmed></ref><ref><pubmed> 8415426</pubmed></ref>.		Issues that arise from prenatal testing can also have effects on the community at large. The contrast of termination and prenatal testing shows that women are less inclined to get tested because they are concerned about how they would feel if they found genetic disorders with their unborn baby. The grief that other parents have endured causes others to not conduct prenatal tests including AFP testing. Hvidovre University Hospital conducted research into the likelihood of women declining this test and why they did so. The most interesting finding of the survey was that of women who had a previous spontaneous abortion 24.1% refused to test while 14.8% of women who didn’t, accepted to do the test. This shows that women are refusing the test because they are aware they may get an abortion if the fetus has a defect and are conscious of the grief and guilt that may follow an abortion. The report also showed that women who were against abortions were less inclined to have the test further proving the previous point<ref><pubmed> 7531936</pubmed></ref><ref><pubmed> 8415426</pubmed></ref>.

	These findings have shown that women are aware of the problems that prenatal testing may cause and are choosing denial over truth. This has caused concern in the medical field because refusing the test may lead to children being born with birth defects unexpectedly or with problems that can be corrected inside the uterus going unresolved. It is important for the ALF test to be used even if ethical issues arise from it because knowing of any problems will allow treatment or proper management to be used which is important in ensuring unexpected problems don’t occur.		These findings have shown that women are aware of the problems that prenatal testing may cause and are choosing denial over truth. This has caused concern in the medical field because refusing the test may lead to children being born with birth defects unexpectedly or with problems that can be corrected inside the uterus going unresolved. It is important for the ALF test to be used even if ethical issues arise from it because knowing of any problems will allow treatment or proper management to be used which is important in ensuring unexpected problems don’t occur.

Z3186755: /* What is Alpha fetoprotein */

2010-10-04T13:42:34Z

What is Alpha fetoprotein

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:42, 5 October 2010
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	AFP blood test ranges will vary between groups of people when factors such as age and sex come into play. However, a general trend for normal AFP levels in people is as follows:		AFP blood test ranges will vary between groups of people when factors such as age and sex come into play. However, a general trend for normal AFP levels in people is as follows:

	Men: 0 - 20 ng/mL		{\| border="1" style="text-align:left"
			\|-
	Women: 0 - 20 ng/mL		\|Men\|\|0-20 ng/mL
			\|-
	Women (Pregnant): Ranges can be separated into First Trimester and Second Trimester Results as presented below.		\|Women\|\|0-20 ng/mL
			\|-
			\|Women (Pregnant)\|\| Ranges can be separated into First Trimester and Second Trimester Results as presented below
			\|}

Z3186755: /* What is Alpha fetoprotein */

2010-10-04T12:51:26Z

What is Alpha fetoprotein

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:51, 4 October 2010
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	Men: 0 - 20 ng/mL		Men: 0 - 20 ng/mL

	Women: 0 - 20 ng/mL		Women: 0 - 20 ng/mL

	Women (Pregnant): Ranges can be separated into First Trimester and Second Trimester Results as presented below.		Women (Pregnant): Ranges can be separated into First Trimester and Second Trimester Results as presented below.

Z3186755: /* What is Alpha fetoprotein */

2010-10-04T12:50:39Z

What is Alpha fetoprotein

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:50, 4 October 2010
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	AFP blood test ranges will vary between groups of people when factors such as age and sex come into play. However, a general trend for normal AFP levels in people is as follows:		AFP blood test ranges will vary between groups of people when factors such as age and sex come into play. However, a general trend for normal AFP levels in people is as follows:

	~~{\| border="1" align="left"~~		Men: 0 - 20 ng/mL
	\|-		Women: 0 - 20 ng/mL
	\|Men\|\|0 - 20 ng/mL\|		Women (Pregnant): Ranges can be separated into First Trimester and Second Trimester Results as presented below.
	\|-
	\|Women\|\|0 - 20 ng/mL\|
	\|-
	\|Women (Pregnant)\|\| Ranges can be separated into First Trimester and Second Trimester Results as presented below.\|
	\|}

Z3186755: /* What is Alpha fetoprotein */

2010-10-04T12:49:59Z

What is Alpha fetoprotein

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:49, 4 October 2010
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	AFP blood test ranges will vary between groups of people when factors such as age and sex come into play. However, a general trend for normal AFP levels in people is as follows:		AFP blood test ranges will vary between groups of people when factors such as age and sex come into play. However, a general trend for normal AFP levels in people is as follows:

	{\| border="1" align="~~center~~"		{\| border="1" align="left"
	\|-		\|-
	\|Men\|\|0 - 20 ng/mL \|		\|Men\|\|0 - 20 ng/mL\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|Women\|\|0 - 20 ng/mL \|		\|Women\|\|0 - 20 ng/mL\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|Women (Pregnant)\|\| Ranges can be separated into First Trimester and Second Trimester Results as presented below. \|		\|Women (Pregnant)\|\| Ranges can be separated into First Trimester and Second Trimester Results as presented below.\|
	\|}		\|}


	''First Trimester''		''First Trimester''

Z3186755: /* What is Alpha fetoprotein */

2010-10-04T12:48:45Z

What is Alpha fetoprotein

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:48, 4 October 2010
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	AFP blood test ranges will vary between groups of people when factors such as age and sex come into play. However, a general trend for normal AFP levels in people is as follows:		AFP blood test ranges will vary between groups of people when factors such as age and sex come into play. However, a general trend for normal AFP levels in people is as follows:

	Men: 0 - 20 ng/mL		{\| border="1" align="center"
			\|-
	Women: 0 - 20 ng/mL		\|Men\|\|0 - 20 ng/mL \|
			\|-
	Women (Pregnant): Ranges can be separated into First Trimester and Second Trimester Results as presented below.		\|Women\|\|0 - 20 ng/mL \|
			\|-
			\|Women (Pregnant)\|\| Ranges can be separated into First Trimester and Second Trimester Results as presented below. \|
			\|}

	''First Trimester''		''First Trimester''

Z3186755: /* Disorders that MSAFP indicates */

2010-10-04T10:28:03Z

Disorders that MSAFP indicates

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:28, 4 October 2010
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	Other instances where maternal serum AFP levels are elevated includes:		Other instances where maternal serum AFP levels are elevated includes:

	1) Fetus effected by hereditary cogenital nephrosis of the Finnish type - an hereditary, autosomal recessive disease which leads to death in early infancy.		* Fetus effected by hereditary cogenital nephrosis of the Finnish type - an hereditary, autosomal recessive disease which leads to death in early infancy.

	2) Meckel syndrome early enough in gestation to permit termination		* Meckel syndrome early enough in gestation to permit termination

	3) Intrauterine death		* Intrauterine death

	4) Multiple gestations such as twin pregnancies or triplets		* Multiple gestations such as twin pregnancies or triplets

	In conclusion, aberrant AFP values in maternal serum samples are to be regarded as unspecific warning signals, which sometimes may be observed weeks in advance of any other clinical or biochemical symptom of a deviant fetal development. Therefore, more specific diagnostic measures must be employed to verify and characterize the type of pregnancy disturbance that may exist. Nevertheless, the determination of AFP in maternal serum provides valuable information concerning the progress of pregnancy. All pregnant women having had a neural tube defect fetus before should be offered determination of amniotic fluid AFP at about the 16th week of gestation.<ref><pubmed> 1692998</pubmed></ref>		In conclusion, aberrant AFP values in maternal serum samples are to be regarded as unspecific warning signals, which sometimes may be observed weeks in advance of any other clinical or biochemical symptom of a deviant fetal development. Therefore, more specific diagnostic measures must be employed to verify and characterize the type of pregnancy disturbance that may exist. Nevertheless, the determination of AFP in maternal serum provides valuable information concerning the progress of pregnancy. All pregnant women having had a neural tube defect fetus before should be offered determination of amniotic fluid AFP at about the 16th week of gestation.<ref><pubmed> 1692998</pubmed></ref>

Z3186755: /* What is Alpha fetoprotein */

2010-10-04T08:17:31Z

What is Alpha fetoprotein

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:17, 4 October 2010
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	* 17 weeks of gestation: 40.6 ng/mL		* 17 weeks of gestation: 40.6 ng/mL

	* 18 weeks of gestation:47.3 ng/mL		* 18 weeks of gestation: 47.3 ng/mL

	* 19 weeks of gestation: 55.1 ng/mL		* 19 weeks of gestation: 55.1 ng/mL