2010 Group Project 2 - Revision history

Z8600021 at 04:44, 19 August 2014

2014-08-19T04:44:38Z

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	{{~~Template:~~Footer}}		{{Footer}}
	[[Category:2010ANAT2341]] [[Category:Science-Undergraduate]]		[[Category:2010ANAT2341]] [[Category:Science-Undergraduate]]

			[[Category:Chorionic Villus Sampling]]

MarkHill at 00:47, 7 October 2010

2010-10-07T00:47:16Z

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			<div style="background:#F5FFFA; border: 1px solid #CEF2E0; padding: 1em; margin: auto; width: 98%; float:left;"><div style="margin:0;background-color:#cef2e0;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:left;color:#000;padding-left:0.4em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.2em;">Notice - Mark Hill</div>This page is an undergraduate science embryology student [[Template:Projects10\|Group Project 2010]].</div>

	[[File:Embryo_11-14_weeks.jpg\|right\|400 px]]		[[File:Embryo_11-14_weeks.jpg\|right\|400 px]]

MarkHill: Protected "2010 Group Project 2": end of project ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite))

2010-10-07T00:25:15Z

Protected "2010 Group Project 2": end of project ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite))

← Older revision	Revision as of 10:25, 7 October 2010
(No difference)

Z3224500: /* Limitations */

2010-10-06T13:47:33Z

Limitations

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	'''Maternal contamination'''		'''Maternal contamination'''

	Since the villus sample also involves maternal cells, there is a possibility that they may take over the laboratory culture instead, consequently leading to the mother's cells being tested instead of the fetus's cells. The risk of this happening is low however and is decreased when the sample contains an adequate amount of fetal cells.		Since the villus sample also involves maternal cells, there is a possibility that they may take over the laboratory culture instead, consequently leading to the mother's cells being tested instead of the fetus's cells. The risk of this happening is low however and is decreased when the sample contains an adequate amount of fetal cells.<ref><pubmed>6855813</pubmed></ref>

Z3224500: /* Outcomes */

2010-10-06T13:45:11Z

Outcomes

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	'''Down Syndrome'''		'''Down Syndrome'''

	Treatment and therapies for Down syndrome available include the physical, medical and cognitive problems associated with Down Syndrome. Medical treatment such as surgery or medications, while early intervention programs and therapies help babies and children achieve better quality of life. For example, children with Down Syndrome have a higher risk for having many conditions such as congenital heart defects, problems with the thyroid, muscles, joint, vision and hearing problems. Medications can be used to treat these different problems, such as if the thyroid is affected, a child will benefit from taking thyroid replacement hormones. Medications aim to control the symptoms and reduce the impact the condition will have on the baby. There is no medication that can cure chromosome abnormalities. Some individuals affected with cardiac and gastrointestinal problems may also need surgery soon after birth. Regular screening for vision problems, hearing, hypothyroidism, and other medical conditions should be performed.		Treatment and therapies for Down syndrome available include the physical, medical and cognitive problems associated with Down Syndrome. Medical treatment such as surgery or medications, while early intervention programs and therapies help babies and children achieve better quality of life. For example, children with Down Syndrome have a higher risk for having many conditions such as congenital heart defects, problems with the thyroid, muscles, joint, vision and hearing problems.<ref>Medline Plus: Trusted Health Information for You. 2010. Down's Syndrome. Accessed Septemeber 28, 2010.<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000997.htm></ref> Medications can be used to treat these different problems, such as if the thyroid is affected, a child will benefit from taking thyroid replacement hormones. Medications aim to control the symptoms and reduce the impact the condition will have on the baby. There is no medication that can cure chromosome abnormalities. Some individuals affected with cardiac and gastrointestinal problems may also need surgery soon after birth. Regular screening for vision problems, hearing, hypothyroidism, and other medical conditions should be performed.

	Cognitive development can be assisted with physiotherapy and speech therapy for example. Since children with Down Syndrome can have speech problems due to their relatively small mouths and large tongue, speech therapy can help the child to communicate properly. Physical therapy is often needed since individuals with Down Syndrome have hypotonia (low muscle tone)which needs to be improved by developing motor skills.		Cognitive development can be assisted with physiotherapy and speech therapy for example. Since children with Down Syndrome can have speech problems due to their relatively small mouths and large tongue, speech therapy can help the child to communicate properly. Physical therapy is often needed since individuals with Down Syndrome have hypotonia (low muscle tone)which needs to be improved by developing motor skills.<ref>Roizen, N., Patterson, D., 2003. Down's syndrome. The Lancet. 361:1281-1289</ref>

	'''Trisomy 13'''		'''Trisomy 13'''

Z3224500: /* Outcomes */

2010-10-06T13:30:02Z

Outcomes

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	*Should explain any procedures that will be done to the baby after he is born.		*Should explain any procedures that will be done to the baby after he is born.
	*Doctors should do their best to tell parents what the problem is and how serious it is.		*Doctors should do their best to tell parents what the problem is and how serious it is.
			[[file:suctionaspiration.png\|thumb\|right\|200px\|Suction Aspiration technique. Enlarge for labels.]]
	Abortion is the termination of pregnancy, with the removal of the fetus and placenta from the uterus. In Australia, abortion laws vary by state and usually allow this up to a range of about 12 - 20 weeks into the pregnancy, on the grounds of fetal abnormalities, endangerment of the mother and other socio-economic factors.<ref>Cica. N., 1998. Abortion Law in Australia. Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library. Accessed September 29. 2010. <http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/rp/1998-99/99rp01.htm></ref> If the mother chooses to terminate the pregnancy, counselling is usually done to make sure the parents understand the issues and ethics surrounding abortion.		Abortion is the termination of pregnancy, with the removal of the fetus and placenta from the uterus. In Australia, abortion laws vary by state and usually allow this up to a range of about 12 - 20 weeks into the pregnancy, on the grounds of fetal abnormalities, endangerment of the mother and other socio-economic factors.<ref>Cica. N., 1998. Abortion Law in Australia. Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library. Accessed September 29. 2010. <http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/rp/1998-99/99rp01.htm></ref> If the mother chooses to terminate the pregnancy, counselling is usually done to make sure the parents understand the issues and ethics surrounding abortion.
	There are currently two ways to perform an abortion:		There are currently two ways to perform an abortion:

Z3224500: /* Ethical concerns */

2010-10-06T12:06:50Z

Ethical concerns

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	<ref>Royal Collage of Obstetricians and Gynaecologyists. 2010. Green-top Guideline No. 8 Amniocentesis and Chorionic Villus Sampling. Accessed 6 October, 2010. <http://www.rcog.org.uk/files/rcog-corp/GT8Amniocentesis0610.pdf></ref>		<ref>Royal Collage of Obstetricians and Gynaecologyists. 2010. Green-top Guideline No. 8 Amniocentesis and Chorionic Villus Sampling. Accessed 6 October, 2010. <http://www.rcog.org.uk/files/rcog-corp/GT8Amniocentesis0610.pdf></ref>

			[[File:AbortionLawMap.png\|thumb\|right\|200px\|A World Map showing the legal status of abortion in different countries. Enlarge for legend.]]
	'''Abortion'''		'''Abortion'''
	~~[[File:AbortionLawMap.png\|thumb\|right\|200px\|A World Map showing the legal status of abortion in different countries. Enlarge for legend.]]~~
	Abortion is a subject that brings about a wide number of ethical concerns whether morally, religiously and politically around the world.		Abortion is a subject that brings about a wide number of ethical concerns whether morally, religiously and politically around the world.
	Usually a community's beliefs and moral views are reflected in political decisions, although debate continues to be ongoing whether it is morally right to terminate a pregnancy before a normal childbirth, given a range of different circumstances people believe is acceptable. In Australia, abortion laws are present and differ by state, and is usually based on the mother's choice, given that she conforms to the restrictions of the law.		Usually a community's beliefs and moral views are reflected in political decisions, although debate continues to be ongoing whether it is morally right to terminate a pregnancy before a normal childbirth, given a range of different circumstances people believe is acceptable. In Australia, abortion laws are present and differ by state, and is usually based on the mother's choice, given that she conforms to the restrictions of the law.

Z3224500: /* Ethical concerns */

2010-10-06T12:02:13Z

Ethical concerns

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	'''Abortion'''		'''Abortion'''
			[[File:AbortionLawMap.png\|thumb\|right\|200px\|A World Map showing the legal status of abortion in different countries. Enlarge for legend.]]
	Abortion is a subject that brings about a wide number of ethical concerns whether morally, religiously and politically around the world.		Abortion is a subject that brings about a wide number of ethical concerns whether morally, religiously and politically around the world.
	Usually a community's beliefs and moral views are reflected in political decisions, although debate continues to be ongoing whether it is morally right to terminate a pregnancy before a normal childbirth, given a range of different circumstances people believe is acceptable. In Australia, abortion laws are present and differ by state, and is usually based on the mother's choice, given that she conforms to the restrictions of the law.		Usually a community's beliefs and moral views are reflected in political decisions, although debate continues to be ongoing whether it is morally right to terminate a pregnancy before a normal childbirth, given a range of different circumstances people believe is acceptable. In Australia, abortion laws are present and differ by state, and is usually based on the mother's choice, given that she conforms to the restrictions of the law.

Z3224500: /* Ethical concerns */

2010-10-06T11:41:04Z

Ethical concerns

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	'''Bioethics'''		'''Bioethics'''

	The Bioethics involved in Health Care that encompasses medical practices including prenatal diagnosis methods aim to ensure that human values are respected in terms of healthcare institutions, life technology, health professions and clinical practices.		The Bioethics involved in Health Care that encompasses medical practices including prenatal diagnosis methods aim to ensure that human values are respected in terms of healthcare institutions, life technology, health professions and clinical practices.<ref>Southern Cross Bioethics Institute. 2008. Bioethical Issues. Accessed 6 October, 2010. <http://www.bioethics.org.au/Resources/Bioethical%20Issues.html></ref>
	Maintaining good practices in CVS testing and any other prenatal testing is essential to exercise the duty of care and to reduce any sort of harm upon the expectant mother. CVS:		Maintaining good practices in CVS testing and any other prenatal testing is essential to exercise the duty of care and to reduce any sort of harm upon the expectant mother. CVS:

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	*Written consent should be obtained before testing		*Written consent should be obtained before testing
	*Clinicians should use the CVS technique with which they are competent, using local anaesthesia for transabdominal CVS.		*Clinicians should use the CVS technique with which they are competent, using local anaesthesia for transabdominal CVS.
			<ref>Royal Collage of Obstetricians and Gynaecologyists. 2010. Green-top Guideline No. 8 Amniocentesis and Chorionic Villus Sampling. Accessed 6 October, 2010. <http://www.rcog.org.uk/files/rcog-corp/GT8Amniocentesis0610.pdf></ref>

	'''Abortion'''		'''Abortion'''

Z3224500: /* Ethical concerns */

2010-10-06T11:31:06Z

Ethical concerns

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	=Ethical concerns=		=Ethical concerns=

			'''Bioethics'''

			The Bioethics involved in Health Care that encompasses medical practices including prenatal diagnosis methods aim to ensure that human values are respected in terms of healthcare institutions, life technology, health professions and clinical practices.
			Maintaining good practices in CVS testing and any other prenatal testing is essential to exercise the duty of care and to reduce any sort of harm upon the expectant mother. CVS:

			*Should not be performed under 10 weeks gestation.
			*Should be performed by an experienced, well trained technician
			*Written consent should be obtained before testing
			*Clinicians should use the CVS technique with which they are competent, using local anaesthesia for transabdominal CVS.

			'''Abortion'''

			Abortion is a subject that brings about a wide number of ethical concerns whether morally, religiously and politically around the world.
			Usually a community's beliefs and moral views are reflected in political decisions, although debate continues to be ongoing whether it is morally right to terminate a pregnancy before a normal childbirth, given a range of different circumstances people believe is acceptable. In Australia, abortion laws are present and differ by state, and is usually based on the mother's choice, given that she conforms to the restrictions of the law.

	=Current associated research=		=Current associated research=