2009 Lecture 6 - Revision history

MarkHill: /* Development Overview */

2011-08-08T08:31:56Z

Development Overview

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	[[Image:Neural_plate_movie_icon.jpg\|right]]		[[Image:Neural_plate_movie_icon.jpg\|right]]
	[[Image:Neuralplate cartoon.png\|right]]		[[Image:Neuralplate cartoon.png\|right]]
	[[~~Image~~:~~Stage11 SEM1~~.jpg\|thumb\|Stage 11 neural groove to tube]]		[[File:Stage11_sem6.jpg\|thumb\|Stage 11 neural groove to tube]]

	[http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Movies/larsen/neuralplt.mov Movie - Neural Plate]		[http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Movies/larsen/neuralplt.mov Movie - Neural Plate]

S8600021: /* Ectoderm Development */

2010-08-27T15:59:12Z

Ectoderm Development

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	* '''Lectopia Lecture Audio''' Lecture Date: 11-08-2009 Lecture Time: 12:00 Venue: BioMed E Speaker: Mark Hill [http://lectopia.elearning.unsw.edu.au/ilectures/ilectures.lasso?ut=153&id=48837 Ectoderm]		* '''Lectopia Lecture Audio''' Lecture Date: 11-08-2009 Lecture Time: 12:00 Venue: BioMed E Speaker: Mark Hill [http://lectopia.elearning.unsw.edu.au/ilectures/ilectures.lasso?ut=153&id=48837 Ectoderm]
	* [[~~2010_Lecture_5~~\|2010 Lecture - Ectoderm Development]] \| [[ANAT2341_Course_Timetable_2010\|Science 2010]]		* [[2010_Lecture_6\|2010 Lecture - Ectoderm Development]] \| [[ANAT2341_Course_Timetable_2010\|Science 2010]]
	==Lecture Objectives==		==Lecture Objectives==
	* Understanding of events during the third and fourth week of development		* Understanding of events during the third and fourth week of development

S8600021: /* Ectoderm Development */

2010-08-27T15:54:50Z

Ectoderm Development

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	* '''Lectopia Lecture Audio''' Lecture Date: 11-08-2009 Lecture Time: 12:00 Venue: BioMed E Speaker: Mark Hill [http://lectopia.elearning.unsw.edu.au/ilectures/ilectures.lasso?ut=153&id=48837 Ectoderm]		* '''Lectopia Lecture Audio''' Lecture Date: 11-08-2009 Lecture Time: 12:00 Venue: BioMed E Speaker: Mark Hill [http://lectopia.elearning.unsw.edu.au/ilectures/ilectures.lasso?ut=153&id=48837 Ectoderm]
			* [[2010_Lecture_5\|2010 Lecture - Ectoderm Development]] \| [[ANAT2341_Course_Timetable_2010\|Science 2010]]
	==Lecture Objectives==		==Lecture Objectives==
	* Understanding of events during the third and fourth week of development		* Understanding of events during the third and fourth week of development

S8600021: /* References */

2009-10-19T12:53:13Z

References

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 * Novel brain wiring functions for classical morphogens: a role as graded positional cues in axon guidance. Charron F, Tessier-Lavigne M. Development. 2005 May;132(10):2251-62. Review.
 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15857918 PMID: 15857918] | [http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/132/10/2251 Development Link]
 == Neural Development Terms ==

S8600021 at 23:32, 1 September 2009

2009-09-01T23:32:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:32, 2 September 2009
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	* Novel brain wiring functions for classical morphogens: a role as graded positional cues in axon guidance. Charron F, Tessier-Lavigne M. Development. 2005 May;132(10):2251-62. Review.		* Novel brain wiring functions for classical morphogens: a role as graded positional cues in axon guidance. Charron F, Tessier-Lavigne M. Development. 2005 May;132(10):2251-62. Review.
	[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15857918 PMID: 15857918] \| [http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/132/10/2251 Development Link]		[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15857918 PMID: 15857918] \| [http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/132/10/2251 Development Link]

	~~== Glossary Links ==~~

	[[A\|A]] \| [[B\|B]] \| [[C\|C]] \| [[D\|D]] \| [[E\|E]] \| [[F\|F]] \| [[G\|G]] \| [[H\|H]] \| [[I\|I]] \| [[J\|J]] \| [[K\|K]] \| [[L\|L]] \| [[M\|M]] \| [[N\|N]] \| [[O\|O]] \| [[P\|P]] \| [[Q\|Q]] \| [[R\|R]] \| [[S\|S]] \| [[T\|T]] \| [[U\|U]] \| [[V\|V]] \| [[W\|W]] \| [[X\|X]] \| [[Y\|Y]] \| [[Z\|Z]]

	== Neural Development Terms ==		== Neural Development Terms ==
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	* '''white matter''' - neural regions containing processes (axons) of neurons. In the brain it is the inner layer, in the spinal cord it is outer layer. (see grey matter)		* '''white matter''' - neural regions containing processes (axons) of neurons. In the brain it is the inner layer, in the spinal cord it is outer layer. (see grey matter)

	~~== Next Lecture ==~~		{{Template:2009ANAT2341}}

	~~[[2009 Lab 3\|Lab 3]] \| [[2009 Lecture 7\|Lecture 7]] \| [[ANAT2341_Embryology_2009#Course_Timetable\|Course Timetable]]~~

	:~~''Dr Mark Hill 2009'' UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G~~

	[[Category:2009ANAT2341]] [[Category:Science-Undergraduate]] [[Category:Ectoderm]] [[Category:Neural]] [[Category:Neural Crest]] [[Category:Week 3]] [[Category:Week 4]]		[[Category:2009ANAT2341]] [[Category:Science-Undergraduate]] [[Category:Ectoderm]] [[Category:Neural]] [[Category:Neural Crest]] [[Category:Week 3]] [[Category:Week 4]]

MarkHill: /* Abnormalities */

2009-08-12T01:43:17Z

Abnormalities

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	==Abnormalities==		==Abnormalities==
	See also [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/neuron2.htm Neural Abnormalities]		See also [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/neuron2.htm Neural Abnormalities]
			[[Image:Abnormal81-92-neuron.png\|thumb\|Australian Birth Statistics]]
	[[Image:Neural_tube_defect_meningomyelocele.jpg\|thumb\|Neural tube defect - Meningomyelocele]]		[[Image:Neural_tube_defect_meningomyelocele.jpg\|thumb\|Neural tube defect - Meningomyelocele]]
	===Neural Tube Defects (NTD)===		===Neural Tube Defects (NTD)===

MarkHill: /* Neural Tube Defects (NTD) */

2009-08-12T01:33:15Z

Neural Tube Defects (NTD)

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	===Neural Tube Defects (NTD)===		===Neural Tube Defects (NTD)===
	Failure of neural tube closure either incorrectly or incomplete		Failure of neural tube closure either incorrectly or incomplete
	* '''Dysraphism''' is the term often used to describe the defective fusion of the neural folds. The position and degree of failure of fusion will result in either embryonic death or a range of different neural defects. The way (mode) in which the human neural tube fuses has been a source of contention. In humans, fusion appears to initiate at multiple sites but the mode is different from that found in many animal species used in developmental studies. ~~(More? [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/neuron2.htm Neural Abnormalities])~~		* '''Dysraphism''' is the term often used to describe the defective fusion of the neural folds. The position and degree of failure of fusion will result in either embryonic death or a range of different neural defects. The way (mode) in which the human neural tube fuses has been a source of contention. In humans, fusion appears to initiate at multiple sites but the mode is different from that found in many animal species used in developmental studies.
	* severity dependent upon level within the tube and degree of failure		* severity dependent upon level within the tube and degree of failure
	* caudal failure - spina bifida cranial failure - anancephaly		* caudal failure - spina bifida cranial failure - anancephaly

MarkHill: /* Abnormalities */

2009-08-12T01:33:01Z

Abnormalities

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	==Abnormalities==		==Abnormalities==
			See also [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/neuron2.htm Neural Abnormalities]
	[[Image:Neural_tube_defect_meningomyelocele.jpg\|thumb\|Neural tube defect - Meningomyelocele]]		[[Image:Neural_tube_defect_meningomyelocele.jpg\|thumb\|Neural tube defect - Meningomyelocele]]
	===Neural Tube Defects (NTD)===		===Neural Tube Defects (NTD)===

MarkHill: /* Maternal Diet */

2009-08-12T01:32:07Z

Maternal Diet

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	[[Image:USA spina bifida rates.jpg\|300px\|USA spina bifida rates]] [[Image:USA anencephaly rates.jpg\|300px\|USA anencephaly rates]]		[[Image:USA spina bifida rates.jpg\|300px\|USA spina bifida rates]] [[Image:USA anencephaly rates.jpg\|300px\|USA anencephaly rates]]

	In the U.S.A. the Food and Drug Administration in 1996 authorized that all enriched cereal grain products be fortified with folic acid, with optional fortification beginning in March 1996 and mandatory fortification in January 1998. The data ~~below shows~~ the subsequent changes in anencephaly and spina bifida rate over that period.		In the U.S.A. the Food and Drug Administration in 1996 authorized that all enriched cereal grain products be fortified with folic acid, with optional fortification beginning in March 1996 and mandatory fortification in January 1998. The data in the above graphs show the subsequent changes in anencephaly and spina bifida rate over that period.

	===Holoprosencephaly===		===Holoprosencephaly===

MarkHill: /* Abnormalities */

2009-08-12T01:31:16Z

Abnormalities

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	* A randomised controlled trial conducted by the Medical Research Council of the United Kingdom demonstrated a 72% reduction in risk of recurrence by periconceptional (ie before and after conception) folic acid supplementation (4mg daily).		* A randomised controlled trial conducted by the Medical Research Council of the United Kingdom demonstrated a 72% reduction in risk of recurrence by periconceptional (ie before and after conception) folic acid supplementation (4mg daily).
	* Women who have one infant with a neural tube defect have a significantly increased risk of recurrence (40-50 per thousand compared with 2 per thousand for all births)		* Women who have one infant with a neural tube defect have a significantly increased risk of recurrence (40-50 per thousand compared with 2 per thousand for all births)
	[[Image:USA spina bifida rates.jpg\|~~thumb~~\|USA spina bifida rates]]		[[Image:USA spina bifida rates.jpg\|300px\|USA spina bifida rates]] [[Image:USA anencephaly rates.jpg\|300px\|USA anencephaly rates]]
	[[Image:USA anencephaly rates.jpg\|~~thumb~~\|USA anencephaly rates]]

	In the U.S.A. the Food and Drug Administration in 1996 authorized that all enriched cereal grain products be fortified with folic acid, with optional fortification beginning in March 1996 and mandatory fortification in January 1998. The data below shows the subsequent changes in anencephaly and spina bifida rate over that period.		In the U.S.A. the Food and Drug Administration in 1996 authorized that all enriched cereal grain products be fortified with folic acid, with optional fortification beginning in March 1996 and mandatory fortification in January 1998. The data below shows the subsequent changes in anencephaly and spina bifida rate over that period.