Template talk:Cranial Nerve Table collapsible
Cranial Nerves
- epibranchial placodes - (epipharyngeal placodes) give rise to the distal cells of the sensory ganglia of cranial nerves V, VII, IX and X.
- geniculate placode - associated with the first pharyngeal cleft, generates the geniculate ganglion and distal parts of cranial nerve VII
- petrosal placode - associated with the second pharyngeal cleft, generates the glossopharyngeal ganglion[disambiguation needed] and distal parts of cranial nerve IX
- nodosal placode - associated with the third pharyngeal cleft, generates the nodose ganglion and distal parts of cranial nerve X
CN I Olfactory
sensory - olfactory receptor neuron axons
olfactory epithelium to cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone then to the olfactory bulb
CN II Optic
sensory - retinal ganglion neuron axons
development - CNS out-pouching of the diencephalon (optic stalks)
optic nerve fibres covered with myelin produced by oligodendrocytes
ensheathed in all three meningeal layers (dura, arachnoid, and pia mater)
CN III Oculomotor
motor - innervates muscles that enable most eye movement
development - oculomotor nerve is derived from the basal plate of the embryonic midbrain
CN IV Trochlear
motor - innervates the superior oblique muscle that enables eye movement
CN V Trigeminal
(semilunar ganglion or gasserian ganglion)
three major branches - ophthalmic nerve (V1), maxillary nerve (V2), mandibular nerve (V3)
mixed motor/sensory
- sensory - provide tactile, proprioceptive, and nociceptive afference to the face and mouth.
- motor - innervate the skin of the face via ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2) and mandibular (V3) divisions. Special visceral efferent (SVE) axons innervate the muscles of mastication via the mandibular (V3) division.
CN VI Abducent
motor - innervates the lateral rectus muscle that enables eye movement
development - from the basal plate of the embryonic pons
CN VII Facial
mixed motor/sensory
motor - innervates the muscles of facial expression
sensory - taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and oral cavity
development - second pharyngeal arch
- motor derived from the basal plate of the embryonic pons
- sensory derived from cranial neural crest
CN VIII Acoustic
sensory - auditory and equilibrium
development - otic placed
CN IX Glossopharyngeal
mixed motor/sensory
lies anterior to the medulla oblongata
Branchial motor (special visceral efferent) – supplies the stylopharyngeus muscle.
Visceral motor (general visceral efferent) – provides parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland via the otic ganglion.
Visceral sensory (general visceral afferent) – carries visceral sensory information from the carotid sinus and carotid body.
General sensory (general somatic afferent) – provides general sensory information from inner surface of the tympanic membrane, upper pharynx (GVA), and the posterior one-third of the tongue.
Visceral afferent (special visceral afferent) – provides taste sensation from the posterior one-third of the tongue, including circumvallate papillae.
CN X Vagus
(pneumogastric nerve) responsible for heart rate, gastrointestinal peristalsis, sweating, and muscle movements in the mouth, including speech (via the recurrent laryngeal nerve)
development
- motor derived from the basal plate of the medulla oblongata
- sensory derived from cranial neural crest
CN XI Accessory
motor - innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
- sternomastoid - muscle superficial layer side of the neck, rotation of the head
- trapezius - superficial muscles from occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae and laterally to the spine of the scapula, move the scapulae and support the arm
CN XII Hypoglossal
motor - hypoglossal nucleus of the ventromedial medulla oblongata from a number of smaller rootlets
development - basal plate of the medulla oblongata
Original Table
| Cranial Nerves | |
|---|---|
| CN I | Olfactory |
| CN II | Optic |
| CN III | Oculomotor |
| CN IV | Trochlear |
| CN V | Trigeminal |
| CN VI | Abducent |
| CN VII | Facial |
| CN VIII | Acoustic |
| CN IX | Glossopharyngeal |
| CN X | Vagus |
| CN XI | Accessory |
| CN XII | Hypoglossal |
