Talk:Paper - The development of the cloaca in human embryos
Tabulation
Tabulation of Material. + for transverse: = for sagittal: || for coronal. The figures following indicate the thickness in microns.
- Online editor - Carnegie stages have been added to the original tabulation.
Tabulation of Material. + for transverse: = for sagittal: || for coronal. The figures following indicate the thickness in microns.
- Online editor - Carnegie stages have been added to the original tabulation.
No. 1 (Mall 12; 2.1 mm.; +; 10; Good.) Modelled by Mall ('97). Allantois of small lumen and in relation with the caudal border of the yolk sac. No evidences of a cloacal membrane. Carnegie stage 11
No. 2 (Mall 391 ; 2.0 mm. ; + ; 10; Good). Appearance of hind gut. An interval of several sections between allantois and yolk sac. No cloacal membrane. Carnegie stage 10
No. 3 (Mall 164; 3.5 mm. ; + ; 20; Good). Model A. x 100. Cloaca well developed and limited for caudal half of the ventral border by epithelial cloacal membrane. Allantois comes off at right angles and at lower border of dermal navel. Lateral furrow along later line of division. Carnegie stage 11
No. 4 (Mall 209; 3.0 mm. ; + ; 50; Fair). Relations about the same as the fore-going stage. Sections too thick for detailed study. Carnegie stage 12
No. 5 (Mall 186; 3.5 mm.; +; 20; Good). Model B. x 100. Allantois wide lumened and no distinct line of demarkation from the ventral cloacal segment. Wolflian ducts have arrived but not as yet opened. Tail gut maximum of development. Probably the first signs of cloacal division. Carnegie stage 13
No. 6 (Mall 87; 4.0 mm.; +; 20; Fair). About the same as the foregoing. Carnegie stage 13
No. 7 (Mall 148; 4.3 mm. ; + ; 10; Good x 100). Wolffian ducts open into cloaca. Allantois of small lumen. Ventral cloacal segment widening. Evidences of division quite apparent. Carnegie stage 13
No. 8 (Mall. 76; 4.5 mm. ; + ; 20; Good). x 100. Widened ventral cloacal segment goes over indistinctly into allantois. Tail gut still quite large. Renal buds well developed. With exception of large allantois and wider tail gut, quite similar to Model C. Carnegie stage 13
No. 9 (Mall 80; 5.0 mm; + ; 10; Good). Model C. x 100. About the same as the foregoing stage. Tail gut undergoing degenerative changes. Carnegie stage 14
No. 10 (Mall 371; 6.6 mm.; = ; 10; Good). Tail gut rudimentary. Development of cloaca and renal buds about the same as in no. 12. Carnegie stage 15
No. 11 (Mall 116; 5.0 mm. ; = ; 20; Good). x 100. Intracloacal epithelial plug well marked. Stage about the same as that found in no. 12. Carnegie stage 13
No. 12 (Mall 2; 7.0 mm.; +; 15; Good). Model D x 100. Marked development of renal buds. Kidney and ureter segments evident. Ventral cloacal segment much widened. Allantois of narrow lumen. Intracloacal epithelial plug marked. Tail gut maximum in length and slightly widened at caudal end. Carnegie stage 15
No. 13 (Mall 241; 6.0mm.; +; 10;Goo(l). Tailgutmore rudimentary than in no. 12. Cloacal membrane wide and shows intracloacal epithelial plug. Otherwise about the same as in no. 12. Carnegie stage 15
No. 14 (Mall 383; 7.0 mm.; +," 10; Good). State similar to no. 12. Cloacal membrane intact. Carnegie stage 16
No. 15 (Mall 397; 8.0 nma.; +; 10; Good). Similar to foregoing. Carnegie stage 16
No. 16 (Mall 113; 8.0 mm.; =; 10= Fair). x 100. Stage of cloacal division between than found in no. 12 and that found in no. 19. Cloacal membrane intact. Division of ureteral pelvis. Ureter segment elongated. Carnegie stage 15
No. 17 (Mall 114; 10.0 mm.; =; 10; Fair). x 100. Stage of cloacal division about the same as the foregoing. Cloacal membrane intact. Kidney a little higher up. Upper and lower pelvis evident.
No. 18 (Mall 109; 11.0 mm.; +; 20; Good). Sections directly through lower part of cloacal region somewhat damaged. Otherwise about the same as no. 19. Carnegie stage 18
No. 19 (Mall 221; 12.0 mm.; = ; 20; Good). Model E x 100. All traces of tail gut lost. Cloacal membrane somewhat depressed from surface. Cloacal segment of Wolffian duct shortened and opening of ureter and duct common into ventral cloacal segment. Beginning formation of genital eminence and lengthening of the ventral cloacal wall. Cloacal membrane intact. Carnegie stage 16
No. 20 (Mall 175; 13.0 mm.; +; 20; Good). x 100. Cloaca about divided. Complete double ureter. Orifices of lateral, and medial ureter and Wolffian duct at same level into cloaca.
No. 21 (Mall 353; 11.0 mm.; +; 10; Good). Cloaca completely divided. Anal and urogenital membranes intact. Ureteral orifice independent and on level with Wolffian opening. Carnegie stage 17
No. 22 (Mall 317; 15.0 mm.; ||; 20; Good). About the same stage as in no. 21. Carnegie stage 18
No. 23 (Mall 350; 15.0 mm; i|; 10; Good). About the same as the foregoing, and no. 24.
No. 24 (Mall 43; 16.0mm.; = ; 50; Good). Model F . x 50. Anal and urogenital membranes separated. Genital eminence more marked. Ectodermic inclusion in furrow on caudal surface. Ureteral orifice on same level but some distance lateral to Wolffian orifice. Carnegie stage 19
No. 25 (Mall 256; 16.0 mm.; = ; 50; Good). Urogenital sinus open to outside through rupture of urogenital membrane. Kidney nearly up to normal position and rotated. Carnegie stage 20
No. 26 (Mall 296; 17.0mm.; ||;20; Good). Slightly older than above. Appearance of secondary genital folds at the sides of the phallus. Carnegie stage 18
No. 27 (Mall 128; 20.0 mm.; ||; 50; Good). About same as above. Carnegie stage 21
No. 28 (Mall 240; 20.0 mm.; ||; 20; Good). Carnegie stage 20
No. 29 (Mall 22; 20.0 mm.; +; 50; Good). One Mullerian duct has reached the urogenital sinus. Carnegie stage 21
No. 30 (Embryo KP; 22.0 mm.; +; 15; Good). X 66. Both Mullerian ducts at sinus.
| Embryo | Mall | Stage | CRL | Plane | Thickness (microns) | Quality | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 | 11 | 2.1 mm | transverse | 10 | good | Modelled by Mall ('97). Allantois of small lumen and in relation with the caudal border of the yolk sac. No evidences of a cloacal membrane. |
| 2 | 391 | 10 | 2.0 mm | transverse | 10 | Good | Appearance of hind gut. An interval of several sections between allantois and yolk sac. No cloacal membrane. |
| 3 | 164 | 11 | 3.5 mm | transverse | 20 | Good | Model A. x 100. Cloaca well developed and limited for caudal half of the ventral border by epithelial cloacal membrane. Allantois comes off at right angles and at lower border of dermal navel. Lateral furrow along later line of division. |
| 4 | 209 | 12 | 3.0 mm | transverse | 50 | Fair | Relations about the same as the fore-going stage. Sections too thick for detailed study. Carnegie stage 12 |
| 5 | 186 | 13 | 3.5 mm | transverse | 20 | Good | Model B. x 100. Allantois wide lumened and no distinct line of demarkation from the ventral cloacal segment. Wolflian ducts have arrived but not as yet opened. Tail gut maximum of development. Probably the first signs of cloacal division. |
| 6 | 87 | 4.0 mm | transverse | 20 | Fair | About the same as the foregoing. 13 | |
| 7 | 148 | 13 | 4.3 mm | transverse | 10 | Good | x 100 Wolffian ducts open into cloaca. Allantois of small lumen. Ventral cloacal segment widening. Evidences of division quite apparent. |
| 8 | 76 | 13 | 4.5 mm | transverse | 20 | Good | x 100. Widened ventral cloacal segment goes over indistinctly into allantois. Tail gut still quite large. Renal buds well developed. With exception of large allantois and wider tail gut, quite similar to Model C. |
| 9 | 80 | 14 | 5.0 mm | transverse | 10 | Good | Model C. x 100. About the same as the foregoing stage. Tail gut undergoing degenerative changes. |
| 10 | 371 | 15 | 6.6 mm | sagittal | 10 | Good | Tail gut rudimentary. Development of cloaca and renal buds about the same as in no. 12. |
| 11 | 116 | 13 | 5.0 mm | sagittal | 20 | Good | x 100. Intracloacal epithelial plug well marked. Stage about the same as that found in no. 12. |
| 12 | 2 | 15 | 7.0 mm | transverse | 15 | Good | Model D x 100. Marked development of renal buds. Kidney and ureter segments evident. Ventral cloacal segment much widened. Allantois of narrow lumen. Intracloacal epithelial plug marked. Tail gut maximum in length and slightly widened at caudal end. |
| 13 | 241 | 15 | 6.0mm | transverse | 10 | Goo(l | Tailgutmore rudimentary than in no. 12. Cloacal membrane wide and shows intracloacal epithelial plug. Otherwise about the same as in no. 12. |
| 14 | 383 | 16 | 7.0 mm | transverse | 10 | Good | State similar to no. 12. Cloacal membrane intact. |
| 15 | 397 | 16 | 8.0 nma. | transverse | 10 | Good | Similar to foregoing. |
| 16 | 113 | 15 | 8.0 mm | sagittal | 10 | Fair | x 100. Stage of cloacal division between than found in no. 12 and that found in no. 19. Cloacal membrane intact. Division of ureteral pelvis. Ureter segment elongated. |
| 17 | 114 | 10.0 mm | sagittal | 10 | Fair | x 100. Stage of cloacal division about the same as the foregoing. Cloacal membrane intact. Kidney a little higher up. Upper and lower pelvis evident. | |
| 18 | 109 | 18 | 11.0 mm | transverse | 20 | Good | Sections directly through lower part of cloacal region somewhat damaged. Otherwise about the same as no. 19. |
| 19 | 221 | 16 | 12.0 mm | sagittal | 20 | Good | Model E x 100. All traces of tail gut lost. Cloacal membrane somewhat depressed from surface. Cloacal segment of Wolffian duct shortened and opening of ureter and duct common into ventral cloacal segment. Beginning formation of genital eminence and lengthening of the ventral cloacal wall. Cloacal membrane intact. |
| 20 | 175 | 13.0 mm | transverse | 20 | Good | x 100. Cloaca about divided. Complete double ureter. Orifices of lateral, and medial ureter and Wolffian duct at same level into cloaca. | |
| 21 | 353 | 17 | 11.0 mm | transverse | 10 | Good | Cloaca completely divided. Anal and urogenital membranes intact. Ureteral orifice independent and on level with Wolffian opening. |
| 22 | 317 | 18 | 15.0 mm | coronal | 20 | Good | About the same stage as in no. 21. |
| 23 | 350 | 19 | 15.0 mm | coronal | 10 | Good | About the same as the foregoing, and no. 24. |
| 24 | 43 | 19 | 16.0mm | sagittal | 50 | Good | Model F . x 50. Anal and urogenital membranes separated. Genital eminence more marked. Ectodermic inclusion in furrow on caudal surface. Ureteral orifice on same level but some distance lateral to Wolffian orifice. |
| 25 | 256 | 20 | 16.0 mm | sagittal | 50 | Good | Urogenital sinus open to outside through rupture of urogenital membrane. Kidney nearly up to normal position and rotated. |
| 26 | 296 | 18 | 7.0mm | coronal | 20 | Good | Slightly older than above. Appearance of secondary genital folds at the sides of the phallus. |
| 27 | 128 | 21 | 20.0 mm | coronal | 50 | Good | About same as above. |
| 28 | 240 | 20 | 20.0 mm | coronal | 20 | Good | |
| 29 | 22 | 21 | 20.0 mm | transverse | 50 | Good | One Mullerian duct has reached the urogenital sinus. |
| 30 | Embryo KP | 22.0 mm | transverse | 15 | Good | X 66. Both Mullerian ducts at sinus. |
