Talk:BGDA Practical 3 - Oogenesis and Ovulation

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1 Which of the following statements is most correct about the human menstrual cycle.

	The menstrual cycle in all women is a 28 day reproductive cycle
	Ovulation always occurs at the midpoint of the menstrual cycle
	The menstrual cycle's main function is to regularly replace the lining of the uterus
	A high body temperature indicates ovulation is occurring
	The menstrual cycle is an endocrine cycle regulating reproductive physiological changes

2 Most pregnancies can be detected by pregnancy tests soon after fertilization.

	true
	false

3 Which of the following statements is correct about the zona pellucida:

	surrounds the oocyte in the ovary
	protects oocyte in the uterine tube
	is a specialized extracellular matrix
	is important for fertilization
	all of the above

4 Pregnancy tests generally are based upon the detection in maternal urine of:

	Estrogen
	Progesterone
	human Chorionic Somatommotropin
	human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
	human Chorionic Corticotropin

5 The most correct sequence of early development following fertilization is:

	zygote, blastomeres, morula, blastocyst
	oocyte, zygote, morula, blastocyst
	zygote, conceptus, blastocyst
	polar bodies, zygote, conceptus, blastocyst

6 Which process in the third week of development converts the embryonic disc into the trilaminar embryo.

	placentation
	gastrulation
	neuralation
	somitogenesis
	embryonic disc folding

7 Which of the following statements about Figure 1 (shown below) is most correct:

	figure 1 shows a normal female karyotype
	figure 1 shows all human chromosomes
	figure 1 shows a metaphase spread of a human genome
	figure 1 shows an abnormality of mitosis

Figure 1

2010 Practical Audio

BGD Cycle A 2010 Audio - Dr Mark Hill Monday 12th May 2010 12-2pm G2G4. Note - this is a live unedited recording from the practical and may contain errors in either descriptions or content. listen Part 2 | download (1.7 Mb MP3 14:16)

PLoS One. 2014 May 15;9(5):e97489. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097489. eCollection 2014. Transcriptome profiling of the theca interna in transition from small to large antral ovarian follicles. Hatzirodos N1, Hummitzsch K1, Irving-Rodgers HF1, Rodgers RJ1. Author information Abstract The theca interna layer of the ovarian follicle forms during the antral stage of follicle development and lies adjacent to and directly outside the follicular basal lamina. It supplies androgens and communicates with the granulosa cells and the oocyte by extracellular signaling. To better understand developmental changes in the theca interna, we undertook transcriptome profiling of the theca interna from small (3-5 mm, n = 10) and large (9-12 mm, n = 5) healthy antral bovine follicles, representing a calculated >7-fold increase in the amount of thecal tissue. Principal Component Analysis and hierarchical classification of the signal intensity plots for the arrays showed no clustering of the theca interna samples into groups depending on follicle size or subcategories of small follicles. From the over 23,000 probe sets analysed, only 76 were differentially expressed between large and small healthy follicles. Some of the differentially expressed genes were associated with processes such as myoblast differentiation, protein ubiquitination, nitric oxide and transforming growth factor β signaling. The most significant pathway affected from our analyses was found to be Wnt signaling, which was suppressed in large follicles via down-regulation of WNT2B and up-regulation of the inhibitor FRZB. These changes in the transcriptional profile could have been due to changes in cellular function or alternatively since the theca interna is composed of a number of different cell types it could have been due to any systematic change in the volume density of any particular cell type. However, our study suggests that the transcriptional profile of the theca interna is relatively stable during antral follicle development unlike that of granulosa cells observed previously. Thus both the cellular composition and cellular behavior of the theca interna and its contribution to follicular development appear to be relatively constant throughout the follicle growth phase examined. PMID 24830430

thecal layer are to produce androgens, which are used by granulosa cells for estradiol synthesis, and to supply nutrients and structural support for the growing follicle. This layer can be divided into the theca interna, which contains the fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells and androgen-producing cells, and the theca externa, which contains fibroblast-like cells and larger vasculature elements.