File talk:Bardeen1906-plate01.jpg

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

PLATE I.

Two figures, repeated from this journal (Vol. 1, Plate II), to illustrate early stages in the diiferentiation of the inferior extremity. FIG. 1. Embryo II, length 7 mm., age about four weeks. FIG. 2. Embryo CLXIII, length 9 mm., age about four and a half weeks. For description of figures see text, p. 264.

PLATE II.

Four sections through the base of the posterior limb to illustrate different stages in the development of the nerves and musculature.

FIG. 1. Section passing through the right limb-bud in embryo II, length 7 mm., age 26 days. The tips of the neighboring myotomes do not extend into the mass of tissue of which the limb-buds are composed and in which as yet no specific differentiation is visible. 33 diam.

FIG. 2. Secton passing transversely through the base of the right limb- bud of embryo CIX, length 11 mm., age about five weeks. At the center of the limb-bud the acetabular region of the skeleton appears as a condensed mass of tissue. About this the femoral, obturator, and sciatic nerves may be seen extending into the limb bud. Myogenous tissue is fairly well marked near the femoral and sciatic nerves. 25 diam.

FIG. 3. Transverse section passing through the acetabular region of left leg of embryo CXLIV, length 14 mm., age about five and" one-half weeks. The femoral, obturator, gluteal, and sciatic nerves may be seen extending into the limb bud, and in the vicinity of these nerves the anlages of the iliopsoas, pectineus, adductor, hamstring, and gluteal muscles. 25 diam.

FIG. 4. Transverse section passing through the acetabular region of em- bryo CXLV, length 33 mm., age about two months. The femoral, obturator, inferior gluteal, and sciatic nerves may be seen entering the limb. The chief fasciculi of the iliopsoas, pectineus, adductor, and gluteus maximus muscles are separated by an amount of connective tissue relatively greater than in the adult. 10 diam.

PLATE III.

Three figures to illustrate the skeletal, muscular, and nervous apparatus of the right posterior extremity of embryo CIX, length 11 mm., age about five Weeks. The nerves are represented black; the muscle anlages by stippling; the skeletal structures, light grey; the skin of the leg, transparent. About 17 diam.

FIG. 1. Median view. The urachus is shown in outline.

FIG. 2. Lateral view.

FIG. 3. Ventral view showing the relation of the pelvis to the body wall and the main nerve trunks. At the right the outline of the peritoneal mem- brane is shown. The division of the main nerve trunks into branches is diagrammatic.

PLATE IV.

Media] and lateral views showing the relations of the nerves of the abdomi- nal wall and posterior limb to the abdominal musculature and the skeleton of embryo CXLIV, length 14 mm., age about five and one-half weeks. The skin of the thigh and leg is represented transparent. About 17 diam.

FIG. 1. Medial view.

FIG. 2. Lateral view.

PLATE V.

Medial and lateral views showing the relations of the nerves of the abdomi- nal wall and posterior limb to the abdominal musculature and the skeleton of embryo XXII, length 20 mm., age about seven weeks. The skin of the leg is represented transparent. About 13 diam.

FIG. 1. Medial view.

FIG. 2. Lateral view.

PLATE VI.

Figures showing the nerves of the abdomen and the nerves and muscles of the extensor side of the thigh.

FIG. 1. Embryo CXLIV, length 14 mm., age about five and one-half weeks. The abdominal musculature has been partially removed to show the course of the main nerve trunks. About 17 diam.

FIG. 2. Embryo XXII, length 20 mm., age about seven weeks. The ventral portion of the abdominal wall has been removed. About 13 diam.

FIGS. a. and b. Branches of the femoral nerve to the quadriceps femoris muscle in embryo CXLIV and in embryo XXII. The muscle in each instance is represented semitransparent. About 15 diam.

PLATE VII.

Two diagrammatic outline sketches to illustrate the distribution of the cutaneous nerves of the inferior extremity in the adult.

FIG. 1. Front view of the left and medial view of the right leg. The dotted line on the right leg represents approximately the proximal margin of the embryonic limb-bud.

FIG. 2. Back of the left leg and lateral side of the right leg. The dotted line represents approximately the distal margin of the embryonic limb-bud.

PLATE VIII.

Figures to illustrate the early differentiation of the adductor, hamstring, tensor fascia-2 latte, gluteal, obturator internus, and quadratus femoris muscles and the short head of the biceps and the nerves supplied to these. 25 diam.

FIG. 1. Adductor and hamstring muscles in embryo CXLIV, length 14 mm., age about five and a half weeks. In order that the adductor longus and brevis may be seen, merely the outline of the gracilis muscle is shown.

FIG. 2. Adductor group in embryo XXII, length 20 mm., age about seven weeks. The adductor brevis and the gracilis muscles are shown cut out a short distance from their attachments. In “ a” the relation of the nerve to the belly of the gracilis muscle is shown; in “b” that to the belly of the adductor brevis. The muscles are represented as semitransparent so that the intramuscular course of the main nerve trunks may be followed.

FIG. 3. The hamstring group in embryo XXII. The belly of the semi- tendinosus has been cut out so as to show the deeper structures.

FIG. 4. The gluteal and obturator internus muscle groups in embryo CXLIV. The gluteus maximus muscle, except at its attachment to the femur, is represented merely by an outline. The central portion of the belly of the gluteus medius has been cut out to reveal the gluteus minimus. The tibial nerve is cut off near the plexus, the peroneal nerve more distally.

FIG. 5. The gluteal and obturator internus muscle groups in embryo XXII.

The m. gluteus maxlmus and the lig. sacrotuberosum are shown in outline.

The central part of the belly of the gluteus medius is cut out. The tibial nerve is cut oil.’ near the plexus.

PLATE IX.

Six figures to illustrate the early differentiation of the musculature of the crus and pes. 25 diam.

Fm. 1. Peroneal and extensor muscles and nerves of the crus and pes of embryo CXLIV, length 14 mm., age about five and a half weeks. The pero- neal muscles and the m. extensor digitorum longus are made semitransparent in order to reveal the deeper muscles and nerves.

FIG. 2. Peroneal and extensor muscles and nerves of the crus and pes of embryo XXII, length 20 mm., age about seven weeks. The peroneal muscles and the m. extensor digitorum longus are represented semitransparent.

FIG. 3. Superficial plantar musculature and nerves of the crus and pes of embryo CXLIV.

FIG. 4. Deep plantar musculature and nerves of embryo CXLIV. The gastrocnemius and flexor digitorum longus and the main trunk of the medial plantar and a part of that of the lateral plantar nerves have been removed.

FIG. 5. The superficial plantar muscles and nerves of the crus and pes of embryo XXII.

FIG. 6. The deep plantar muscles and nerves of the crus and pes of em- bryo XXII. The gastrocnemius and flexor digitorum longus muscles and the greater part of the tibial nerve have been removed.

PLATE X.

Two figures to illustrate the early stages in the development of the pudic nerves and the distal portion of the sympathetic system.

Fro. 1. Medial view of the right half of the distal portion of embryo CXLIV, length 14 mm., age about five and a half weeks. Enough of the sur- rounding undifferentiated mesenchyme has been removed to reveal the course of the nerves and the neighboring blood-vessels. The intestines are not represented. 25 diam.

FIG. 2. Similar view of the right half of the distal portion of embryo XXII, length 20 mm., age about seven weeks. 20 diam.

Charles R. Bardeen

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN LETTERING FIGURES.

abd. muse. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .abdomina1 musculature.

(wet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .aceta.bu1um.

ao. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .aorta..

A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .artery.

fem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . femoralis.

il. ext. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iliaca. externa.

d. penis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dorsalis penis.

isch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sciatic.

popl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . poplitea.

tib. ant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tibialis anterior.

tib. post. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tibialis posterior.

umb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . umbilical.

calc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . calcaneus.

ch. d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .chorda. dorsalis.

cazl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cmlom.

costa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rib.

fe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . femur.

fl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .flbu1a..

ft. pl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .foot plate.

gl. suprar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . glandula. suprarenalis.

il. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i1ium.

isch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ischium.

lig. sac. tub. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ligamentum sacrotuberosum.

My. my. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ligamentum inguinale.

meson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mesonephros.

metcm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . metanephros.

metat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . metatarsus.

M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . musculus (Ii).

abd. V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . abductor digiti quinti

abd. hal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . abductor hallucis

add. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . adductor group.

add. br. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . adductor brevis.

add. hal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . adductor hallucis.

add. 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . adductor longus.

add. magn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . adductor magnus

add. min. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . adductor minimus.

bi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . biceps femoris.

cap. br. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . short head.

cap. 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . long head.

coccyg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . coccygeus.

or. ant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . crurales ante-riores.

cr. post. prof, . . . . . . . . . . . . . crurales posteriores profundi.

or. post. supf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . crurales posteriores superflciales.

east. dig. 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . extensor digitorum longus.

ext. dig. br. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . extensor digitorum brevis.

ext. hat. 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . extensor hallucis longus.

ext. dig. V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . extensor digiti quinti brevis.

fem. post. flew. dig. br. flew. dig. V br. flew. dig. l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fle.'c.haZ.br. flew. M2. 1. gastroc.

il.cost. il. ps. interos. dors.

interos. plant. obl. abd. ext.

obl.abd.1'.nt. . . . . . obt. east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pa. mi. quadr. fem.

quadr. lumb. quadr. pl. quadri. fem. 1'. abd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rect. fem. sart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . semim. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . semit. sol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tens. fasc. lat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . tib. ant.

tib. post. flrans. abd. vastus lat. vastusinterm. mzstus med.

....a.o.........o--

The Nerves and Muscles of the Leg

hamstring group of muscles. flexor digitorum brevis. flexor digiti quinti brevis. flexor digitorum longus. flexor hallucis brevis. flexor hallucis longus. gastrocnemius.

gemelli.

gluteus maximus. gluteus medius.

gluteus minimus. gracilis.

iliacus.

iliocostales.

iliopsoas.

interossei dorsales. interossei plantares. obliquus abdominis externus. obliquus abdominis internus. obturator externus. obturator internus. opponens digiti quinti. pectineus.

peroneal.

peroneus brevis. peroneus longus. piriformis.

plantaris.

popliteus.

psoas major.

quadratus femoris. quadratus lumborum. quadratus plantaa. quadriceps femoris. rectus abdominis. rectus femoris. sartorius. semimembranosus. semitendinosus.

soleus.

tensor fasciae latée. tibialis anterior. tibialis posterior. transversus abdominis. vastus lateralis.

vastus intermedius. vastus medialis.

myo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .myotome.

Z. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lumbar.

s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sacral.

t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . thoracic.

N.“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nervus (vi) .

caud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . caudalis.

chm. inf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clunium inferiores.

clam. med. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clunium mediales.

chm. sup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ciunium superiores.

cut. ant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cutaneus femoris anterior.

dig. plant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . digitales plantares propr.

cut. lat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cutaneus femoris lateralis.

cut. med. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cutaneus femoris anterior, medial branch.

out. past. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cutaneus femoris posterior.

1-. perin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . perineal branch.

out. sum: lat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . cutaneus surae lateralis.

cut. sum: med. . . . . . . . . . . . . cutaneus surae mediaiis.

d. penis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dorsalis penis.

fem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . femoralis.

g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . genital.

g. f. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . genitofemoral.

gl. s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gluteus superior.

gl. 1?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . giuteus inferior.

hwmorrih. med. . . . . . . . . . . . haamorrhoidalis medialis.

hwmorrh. inf. . . . . . . . . . . .. haemorrhoidalis inferior.

hypog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hypogastrieus.

il. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iliacus.

mg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . inguinalis.

isch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ischiadicus (sciatic).

l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lumbaiis.

l. mg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iumbo-inguinalis.

obt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . obturatorius.

perm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . perinei.

peron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . peroneus.

per-on. sup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . peroneus superflcialis.

peron. prof. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . peroneus profundus.

plant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . plantaris.

plant. I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . plantaris lateralis.

plant. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . plantaris medialis.

pl. symp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sympathetic plexus.

pud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pudendus.

R. dors. I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lateral cutaneus branch of the dorsal (posterior) division of a. spinal nerve. R. dors. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . medial cutaneus branch. s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sacralis.

"For abbreviations of terms applied to nerves going to muscles, see under muscle, M.

saph. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. saphenus.

sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. spinalis.

sural. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . suralis.

t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. thoracicus.

tib. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. tibialis.

tr. symp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . truncus sympathicus.

vise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. visceral.

pat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pate11a.

perit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .peritoneum.

proc. vag. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .processus vaginalis.

pub. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...pubis.

sp. ant. sup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .spina anterior superior.

312. post. sup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .spina. posterior superior.

.92/mph. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..sympathetic nervous system.

tars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .t-arsus.

T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..tendon.

test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .testic1e.

ti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .tibia.

ur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ureter.

urach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .urachus.

vert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vertebra.

V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..vena..

card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. cardinalis.

d. penis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. dorsalis penis.

fem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . femoralis.

hypog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. hypogastrica.

il. ezct. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. iliaca externa.

isch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. sciatic.

W.d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wolffian duct.