File:Primite Streak Cell Migration In Chick Embryo.png

Primitive Streak Cell Migration In Chick Embryo

Migration of S cells (blue) and ST cells (yellow) in response to an attractant generated by AP cells (red) (M1). (A) Concentration of the chemotactic agent. Gray-scale indicates concentration from 0 (black) to 1.5 (white). (B) Typical pattern at 5000 time steps beginning from Fig. 2D, when all AP mesoderm cells respond chemotactically and have the same adhesivity J1,3 = 3 (for remaining values of Ji,j see Eq. 2). The migrating mesoderm cells disperse in the AP. See Supplementary Materials Movie S3 for a movie of this process. (C) Typical pattern at 5000 time steps beginning from Fig. 2D, when all AP mesoderm cells respond chemotactically and adhere more strongly to each other than to cells in the AP and AO, J1,3 = 7, J2,3 = 9. The migrating sickle cells form streams. (D, E) Computational results when only a small, are chemotactically sensitive to the chemo-attractant. (D) Initial location of the subgroup of mesoderm cells (yellow) that will ultimately form the streak tip (ST). (E) Typical pattern at 7000 time steps beginning from the conditions in D, when only ST mesoderm cells respond chemotactically and the adhesion matrix J is that in Eq. 2. See Supplementary Materials Movie S4 for a movie of this process. (F) Typical pattern at 7000 time steps beginning from D, when only ST mesoderm cells respond chemotactically and the adhesion matrix J is that in Eq. 2 except that J3,3 = J4,4 = 2 and J3,4 = 4. Chemotaxis follows Eq. 4, with βk = 80 if a cell responds chemotactically and βk = 0 otherwise. See Simulation Details for other parameter values. Simulations generated using the code in Supplementary Materials, Code S1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010571.g003

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