Signals regulating growth plate development

Description

Signals regulating growth plate development. The growth plate is divided into four distinct zones. IHH and PTHRP coordinate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation through a negative-feedback mechanism. Prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes release IHH, which stimulates chondrocyte proliferation and PTHRP synthesis. PTHRP synthesized in periarticular region/resting zone before/after the second ossification center formation in turn suppresses chondrocyte differentiation associated with IHH expression. FGF9/18 from the perichondrium suppresses chondrocyte proliferation and maturation through FGFR3 in the growth plate during embryonic development and postnatal bone growth. A number of WNTs expressed by growth plate chondrocytes stimulate the proliferation of chrondrocytes (data from Long & Ornitz (2013)).

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