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	<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Z3318446</id>
	<title>Embryology - User contributions [en-gb]</title>
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	<updated>2026-09-25T18:15:29Z</updated>
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		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=41691</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=41691"/>
		<updated>2010-10-22T07:44:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Lab 12 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:07, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:48, 20 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Progressive assessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Picture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 2=== &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What factor do the synctiotrophoblast cells secrete to support the ongoing pregnancy?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What does the corpus luteum secrete to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 3===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What Carnegie stages occur during week 3 and week 4?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What is the change in overall embryo size form the beginning of week 3 to the end of week 4?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Approximately when do the cranial (anterior) and caudal (posterior) neuropores close in the human embryo? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore closes on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 4===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Name the vessels that drain into the sinus venosus?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What is the fate of the vitelline artery and vitelline vein?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The vitelline venous system will eventually give rise to liver sinusoids and portal system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Name the 4 layers that constitute the placental barrier?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.What stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 5===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What is the origin of the gastrointestinal tract smooth muscle?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.At what Carnegie stage does the buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Identify the lung developmental stage in late embryonic to early fetal period.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.In premature infant birth, which respiratory cell type may not have fully developed? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 7===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Briefly; what is a myotube and how is it formed?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A myotube is a nucleated muscle fibre that has yet matured and still undergoes developing processes.It is formed by the fusion of myoblasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. What changes would I expect to see in the muscle fibre types in my legs if I: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    a) Suffered a spinal cord injury &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    b) Took up marathon running&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
a)If i suffered a spinal cord injury,i would expect to see an atrophy in the legs. b)If i took up a marathon running , i would expect to see some of my leg fast fibers being converted to slow fibers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 10===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Development of which endocrine organ is affected by low dietary iodine?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Development of endocrine organ,the tyroid gland is affected by low dietary iodine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What are the affects of this deficiency on other non-endocrine system development?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Iodine deficiency causes preventable mental retardation and brain damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.At approximately what week in development do many endocrine organs appear to begin their function?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The endocrine function of pancreas starts from 10 to 15 weeks onwards with the release of hormones,whereas the exocrine function of it starts postnatal onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The thyroid starts functioning from week 10 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of high levels of hCG in week 8 to 12 in the body stimulates Leydig cells of testes to start producing testosterone from  week 8 onwards with the secrete of testosterone and androstenedion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 12===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. During which trimester does fetal length change the most and when does fetal weight change the most?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fetal length changes the most during the second trimester and the fetal weight changes the most during the third trimester.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. What is the name of the theory that links postnatal health with prenatal development?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fetal origins hypothesis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Which hormone initiates and maintains labour during birth and where does it come from?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The oxytoxin initiates and maintains labour during birth, it comes from pituitary gland.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=41690</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=41690"/>
		<updated>2010-10-22T07:30:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:07, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:48, 20 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Progressive assessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Picture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 2=== &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What factor do the synctiotrophoblast cells secrete to support the ongoing pregnancy?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What does the corpus luteum secrete to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 3===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What Carnegie stages occur during week 3 and week 4?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What is the change in overall embryo size form the beginning of week 3 to the end of week 4?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Approximately when do the cranial (anterior) and caudal (posterior) neuropores close in the human embryo? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore closes on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 4===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Name the vessels that drain into the sinus venosus?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What is the fate of the vitelline artery and vitelline vein?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The vitelline venous system will eventually give rise to liver sinusoids and portal system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Name the 4 layers that constitute the placental barrier?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.What stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 5===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What is the origin of the gastrointestinal tract smooth muscle?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.At what Carnegie stage does the buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Identify the lung developmental stage in late embryonic to early fetal period.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.In premature infant birth, which respiratory cell type may not have fully developed? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 7===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Briefly; what is a myotube and how is it formed?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A myotube is a nucleated muscle fibre that has yet matured and still undergoes developing processes.It is formed by the fusion of myoblasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. What changes would I expect to see in the muscle fibre types in my legs if I: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    a) Suffered a spinal cord injury &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    b) Took up marathon running&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
a)If i suffered a spinal cord injury,i would expect to see an atrophy in the legs. b)If i took up a marathon running , i would expect to see some of my leg fast fibers being converted to slow fibers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 10===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Development of which endocrine organ is affected by low dietary iodine?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Development of endocrine organ,the tyroid gland is affected by low dietary iodine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What are the affects of this deficiency on other non-endocrine system development?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Iodine deficiency causes preventable mental retardation and brain damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.At approximately what week in development do many endocrine organs appear to begin their function?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The endocrine function of pancreas starts from 10 to 15 weeks onwards with the release of hormones,whereas the exocrine function of it starts postnatal onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The thyroid starts functioning from week 10 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of high levels of hCG in week 8 to 12 in the body stimulates Leydig cells of testes to start producing testosterone from  week 8 onwards with the secrete of testosterone and androstenedion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 12===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. During which trimester does fetal length change the most and when does fetal weight change the most?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. What is the name of the theory that links postnatal health with prenatal development?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Which hormone initiates and maintains labour during birth and where does it come from? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=41530</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=41530"/>
		<updated>2010-10-20T22:48:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Lab Attendance */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:07, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:48, 20 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Progressive assessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Picture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 2=== &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What factor do the synctiotrophoblast cells secrete to support the ongoing pregnancy?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What does the corpus luteum secrete to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 3===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What Carnegie stages occur during week 3 and week 4?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What is the change in overall embryo size form the beginning of week 3 to the end of week 4?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Approximately when do the cranial (anterior) and caudal (posterior) neuropores close in the human embryo? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore closes on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 4===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Name the vessels that drain into the sinus venosus?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What is the fate of the vitelline artery and vitelline vein?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The vitelline venous system will eventually give rise to liver sinusoids and portal system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Name the 4 layers that constitute the placental barrier?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.What stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 5===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What is the origin of the gastrointestinal tract smooth muscle?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.At what Carnegie stage does the buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Identify the lung developmental stage in late embryonic to early fetal period.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.In premature infant birth, which respiratory cell type may not have fully developed? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 7===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Briefly; what is a myotube and how is it formed?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A myotube is a nucleated muscle fibre that has yet matured and still undergoes developing processes.It is formed by the fusion of myoblasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. What changes would I expect to see in the muscle fibre types in my legs if I: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    a) Suffered a spinal cord injury &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    b) Took up marathon running&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
a)If i suffered a spinal cord injury,i would expect to see an atrophy in the legs. b)If i took up a marathon running , i would expect to see some of my leg fast fibers being converted to slow fibers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 10===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Development of which endocrine organ is affected by low dietary iodine?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Development of endocrine organ,the tyroid gland is affected by low dietary iodine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What are the affects of this deficiency on other non-endocrine system development?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Iodine deficiency causes preventable mental retardation and brain damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.At approximately what week in development do many endocrine organs appear to begin their function?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The endocrine function of pancreas starts from 10 to 15 weeks onwards with the release of hormones,whereas the exocrine function of it starts postnatal onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The thyroid starts functioning from week 10 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of high levels of hCG in week 8 to 12 in the body stimulates Leydig cells of testes to start producing testosterone from  week 8 onwards with the secrete of testosterone and androstenedion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 09:50, 20 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=41501</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=41501"/>
		<updated>2010-10-20T09:54:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Lab 3 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:07, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Progressive assessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Picture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 2=== &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What factor do the synctiotrophoblast cells secrete to support the ongoing pregnancy?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What does the corpus luteum secrete to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 3===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What Carnegie stages occur during week 3 and week 4?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What is the change in overall embryo size form the beginning of week 3 to the end of week 4?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Approximately when do the cranial (anterior) and caudal (posterior) neuropores close in the human embryo? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore closes on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 4===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Name the vessels that drain into the sinus venosus?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What is the fate of the vitelline artery and vitelline vein?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The vitelline venous system will eventually give rise to liver sinusoids and portal system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Name the 4 layers that constitute the placental barrier?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.What stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 5===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What is the origin of the gastrointestinal tract smooth muscle?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.At what Carnegie stage does the buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Identify the lung developmental stage in late embryonic to early fetal period.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.In premature infant birth, which respiratory cell type may not have fully developed? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 7===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Briefly; what is a myotube and how is it formed?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A myotube is a nucleated muscle fibre that has yet matured and still undergoes developing processes.It is formed by the fusion of myoblasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. What changes would I expect to see in the muscle fibre types in my legs if I: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    a) Suffered a spinal cord injury &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    b) Took up marathon running&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
a)If i suffered a spinal cord injury,i would expect to see an atrophy in the legs. b)If i took up a marathon running , i would expect to see some of my leg fast fibers being converted to slow fibers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 10===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Development of which endocrine organ is affected by low dietary iodine?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Development of endocrine organ,the tyroid gland is affected by low dietary iodine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What are the affects of this deficiency on other non-endocrine system development?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Iodine deficiency causes preventable mental retardation and brain damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.At approximately what week in development do many endocrine organs appear to begin their function?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The endocrine function of pancreas starts from 10 to 15 weeks onwards with the release of hormones,whereas the exocrine function of it starts postnatal onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The thyroid starts functioning from week 10 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of high levels of hCG in week 8 to 12 in the body stimulates Leydig cells of testes to start producing testosterone from  week 8 onwards with the secrete of testosterone and androstenedion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 09:50, 20 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=41500</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=41500"/>
		<updated>2010-10-20T09:50:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Lab 10 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:07, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Progressive assessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Picture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 2=== &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What factor do the synctiotrophoblast cells secrete to support the ongoing pregnancy?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What does the corpus luteum secrete to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 3===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What Carnegie stages occur during week 3 and week 4?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What is the change in overall embryo size form the beginning of week 3 to the end of week 4?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Approximately when do the cranial (anterior) and caudal (posterior) neuropores close in the human embryo? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore close on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 4===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Name the vessels that drain into the sinus venosus?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What is the fate of the vitelline artery and vitelline vein?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The vitelline venous system will eventually give rise to liver sinusoids and portal system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Name the 4 layers that constitute the placental barrier?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.What stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 5===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What is the origin of the gastrointestinal tract smooth muscle?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.At what Carnegie stage does the buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Identify the lung developmental stage in late embryonic to early fetal period.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.In premature infant birth, which respiratory cell type may not have fully developed? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 7===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Briefly; what is a myotube and how is it formed?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A myotube is a nucleated muscle fibre that has yet matured and still undergoes developing processes.It is formed by the fusion of myoblasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. What changes would I expect to see in the muscle fibre types in my legs if I: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    a) Suffered a spinal cord injury &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    b) Took up marathon running&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
a)If i suffered a spinal cord injury,i would expect to see an atrophy in the legs. b)If i took up a marathon running , i would expect to see some of my leg fast fibers being converted to slow fibers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 10===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Development of which endocrine organ is affected by low dietary iodine?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Development of endocrine organ,the tyroid gland is affected by low dietary iodine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What are the affects of this deficiency on other non-endocrine system development?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Iodine deficiency causes preventable mental retardation and brain damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.At approximately what week in development do many endocrine organs appear to begin their function?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The endocrine function of pancreas starts from 10 to 15 weeks onwards with the release of hormones,whereas the exocrine function of it starts postnatal onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The thyroid starts functioning from week 10 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of high levels of hCG in week 8 to 12 in the body stimulates Leydig cells of testes to start producing testosterone from  week 8 onwards with the secrete of testosterone and androstenedion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 09:50, 20 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=41499</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=41499"/>
		<updated>2010-10-20T09:47:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Lab 7 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:07, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Progressive assessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Picture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 2=== &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What factor do the synctiotrophoblast cells secrete to support the ongoing pregnancy?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What does the corpus luteum secrete to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 3===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What Carnegie stages occur during week 3 and week 4?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What is the change in overall embryo size form the beginning of week 3 to the end of week 4?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Approximately when do the cranial (anterior) and caudal (posterior) neuropores close in the human embryo? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore close on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 4===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Name the vessels that drain into the sinus venosus?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What is the fate of the vitelline artery and vitelline vein?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The vitelline venous system will eventually give rise to liver sinusoids and portal system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Name the 4 layers that constitute the placental barrier?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.What stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 5===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What is the origin of the gastrointestinal tract smooth muscle?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.At what Carnegie stage does the buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Identify the lung developmental stage in late embryonic to early fetal period.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.In premature infant birth, which respiratory cell type may not have fully developed? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 7===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Briefly; what is a myotube and how is it formed?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A myotube is a nucleated muscle fibre that has yet matured and still undergoes developing processes.It is formed by the fusion of myoblasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. What changes would I expect to see in the muscle fibre types in my legs if I: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    a) Suffered a spinal cord injury &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    b) Took up marathon running&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
a)If i suffered a spinal cord injury,i would expect to see an atrophy in the legs. b)If i took up a marathon running , i would expect to see some of my leg fast fibers being converted to slow fibers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 10===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Development of endocrine organ,the tyroid gland is affected by low dietary iodine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Iodine deficiency causes preventable mental retardation and brain damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. &lt;br /&gt;
The endocrine function of pancreas starts from 10 to 15 weeks onwards with the release of hormones,whereas the exocrine function of it starts postnatal onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The thyroid starts functioning from week 10 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of high levels of hCG in week 8 to 12 in the body stimulates Leydig cells of testes to start producing testosterone from  week 8 onwards with the secrete of testosterone and androstenedione.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:49, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=41498</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=41498"/>
		<updated>2010-10-20T09:45:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Lab 5 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:07, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Progressive assessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Picture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 2=== &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What factor do the synctiotrophoblast cells secrete to support the ongoing pregnancy?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What does the corpus luteum secrete to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 3===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What Carnegie stages occur during week 3 and week 4?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What is the change in overall embryo size form the beginning of week 3 to the end of week 4?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Approximately when do the cranial (anterior) and caudal (posterior) neuropores close in the human embryo? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore close on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 4===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Name the vessels that drain into the sinus venosus?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What is the fate of the vitelline artery and vitelline vein?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The vitelline venous system will eventually give rise to liver sinusoids and portal system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Name the 4 layers that constitute the placental barrier?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.What stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 5===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What is the origin of the gastrointestinal tract smooth muscle?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.At what Carnegie stage does the buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Identify the lung developmental stage in late embryonic to early fetal period.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.In premature infant birth, which respiratory cell type may not have fully developed? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 7===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.A myotube is a nucleated muscle fibre that has yet matured and still undergoes developing processes.It is formed by the fusion of myoblasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.a)If i suffered a spinal cord injury,i would expect to see an atrophy in the legs. b)If i took up a marathon running , i would expect to see some of my leg fast fibers being converted to slow fibers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 10===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Development of endocrine organ,the tyroid gland is affected by low dietary iodine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Iodine deficiency causes preventable mental retardation and brain damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. &lt;br /&gt;
The endocrine function of pancreas starts from 10 to 15 weeks onwards with the release of hormones,whereas the exocrine function of it starts postnatal onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The thyroid starts functioning from week 10 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of high levels of hCG in week 8 to 12 in the body stimulates Leydig cells of testes to start producing testosterone from  week 8 onwards with the secrete of testosterone and androstenedione.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:49, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=41497</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=41497"/>
		<updated>2010-10-20T09:43:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Lab 4 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:07, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Progressive assessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Picture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 2=== &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What factor do the synctiotrophoblast cells secrete to support the ongoing pregnancy?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What does the corpus luteum secrete to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 3===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What Carnegie stages occur during week 3 and week 4?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What is the change in overall embryo size form the beginning of week 3 to the end of week 4?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Approximately when do the cranial (anterior) and caudal (posterior) neuropores close in the human embryo? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore close on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 4===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Name the vessels that drain into the sinus venosus?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What is the fate of the vitelline artery and vitelline vein?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The vitelline venous system will eventually give rise to liver sinusoids and portal system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Name the 4 layers that constitute the placental barrier?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.What stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 5===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 7===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.A myotube is a nucleated muscle fibre that has yet matured and still undergoes developing processes.It is formed by the fusion of myoblasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.a)If i suffered a spinal cord injury,i would expect to see an atrophy in the legs. b)If i took up a marathon running , i would expect to see some of my leg fast fibers being converted to slow fibers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 10===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Development of endocrine organ,the tyroid gland is affected by low dietary iodine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Iodine deficiency causes preventable mental retardation and brain damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. &lt;br /&gt;
The endocrine function of pancreas starts from 10 to 15 weeks onwards with the release of hormones,whereas the exocrine function of it starts postnatal onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The thyroid starts functioning from week 10 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of high levels of hCG in week 8 to 12 in the body stimulates Leydig cells of testes to start producing testosterone from  week 8 onwards with the secrete of testosterone and androstenedione.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:49, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=41496</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=41496"/>
		<updated>2010-10-20T09:41:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Lab 3 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:07, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Progressive assessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Picture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 2=== &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What factor do the synctiotrophoblast cells secrete to support the ongoing pregnancy?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What does the corpus luteum secrete to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 3===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What Carnegie stages occur during week 3 and week 4?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What is the change in overall embryo size form the beginning of week 3 to the end of week 4?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Approximately when do the cranial (anterior) and caudal (posterior) neuropores close in the human embryo? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore close on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 4===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The vitelline venous system will eventually give rise to liver sinusoids and portal system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 5===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 7===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.A myotube is a nucleated muscle fibre that has yet matured and still undergoes developing processes.It is formed by the fusion of myoblasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.a)If i suffered a spinal cord injury,i would expect to see an atrophy in the legs. b)If i took up a marathon running , i would expect to see some of my leg fast fibers being converted to slow fibers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 10===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Development of endocrine organ,the tyroid gland is affected by low dietary iodine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Iodine deficiency causes preventable mental retardation and brain damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. &lt;br /&gt;
The endocrine function of pancreas starts from 10 to 15 weeks onwards with the release of hormones,whereas the exocrine function of it starts postnatal onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The thyroid starts functioning from week 10 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of high levels of hCG in week 8 to 12 in the body stimulates Leydig cells of testes to start producing testosterone from  week 8 onwards with the secrete of testosterone and androstenedione.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:49, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=41495</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=41495"/>
		<updated>2010-10-20T09:39:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Lab 2 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:07, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Progressive assessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Picture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 2=== &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.What factor do the synctiotrophoblast cells secrete to support the ongoing pregnancy?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.What does the corpus luteum secrete to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 3===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore close on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 4===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The vitelline venous system will eventually give rise to liver sinusoids and portal system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 5===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 7===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.A myotube is a nucleated muscle fibre that has yet matured and still undergoes developing processes.It is formed by the fusion of myoblasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.a)If i suffered a spinal cord injury,i would expect to see an atrophy in the legs. b)If i took up a marathon running , i would expect to see some of my leg fast fibers being converted to slow fibers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 10===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Development of endocrine organ,the tyroid gland is affected by low dietary iodine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Iodine deficiency causes preventable mental retardation and brain damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. &lt;br /&gt;
The endocrine function of pancreas starts from 10 to 15 weeks onwards with the release of hormones,whereas the exocrine function of it starts postnatal onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The thyroid starts functioning from week 10 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of high levels of hCG in week 8 to 12 in the body stimulates Leydig cells of testes to start producing testosterone from  week 8 onwards with the secrete of testosterone and androstenedione.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:49, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=40724</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=40724"/>
		<updated>2010-10-13T22:07:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:07, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Progressive assessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Picture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 2=== &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 3===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore close on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 4===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The vitelline venous system will eventually give rise to liver sinusoids and portal system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 5===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 7===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.A myotube is a nucleated muscle fibre that has yet matured and still undergoes developing processes.It is formed by the fusion of myoblasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.a)If i suffered a spinal cord injury,i would expect to see an atrophy in the legs. b)If i took up a marathon running , i would expect to see some of my leg fast fibers being converted to slow fibers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 10===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Development of endocrine organ,the tyroid gland is affected by low dietary iodine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Iodine deficiency causes preventable mental retardation and brain damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. &lt;br /&gt;
The endocrine function of pancreas starts from 10 to 15 weeks onwards with the release of hormones,whereas the exocrine function of it starts postnatal onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The thyroid starts functioning from week 10 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of high levels of hCG in week 8 to 12 in the body stimulates Leydig cells of testes to start producing testosterone from  week 8 onwards with the secrete of testosterone and androstenedione.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:49, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=40683</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=40683"/>
		<updated>2010-10-13T07:05:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Lab 1 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Progressive assessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Picture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 2=== &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 3===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore close on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 4===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The vitelline venous system will eventually give rise to liver sinusoids and portal system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 5===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 7===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.A myotube is a nucleated muscle fibre that has yet matured and still undergoes developing processes.It is formed by the fusion of myoblasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.a)If i suffered a spinal cord injury,i would expect to see an atrophy in the legs. b)If i took up a marathon running , i would expect to see some of my leg fast fibers being converted to slow fibers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 10===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Development of endocrine organ,the tyroid gland is affected by low dietary iodine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Iodine deficiency causes preventable mental retardation and brain damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. &lt;br /&gt;
The endocrine function of pancreas starts from 10 to 15 weeks onwards with the release of hormones,whereas the exocrine function of it starts postnatal onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The thyroid starts functioning from week 10 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of high levels of hCG in week 8 to 12 in the body stimulates Leydig cells of testes to start producing testosterone from  week 8 onwards with the secrete of testosterone and androstenedione.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:49, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=40682</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=40682"/>
		<updated>2010-10-13T07:04:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Progressive assessment */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Progressive assessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Picture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Answers for all lab questions====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 2=== &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 3===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore close on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 4===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The vitelline venous system will eventually give rise to liver sinusoids and portal system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 5===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 7===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.A myotube is a nucleated muscle fibre that has yet matured and still undergoes developing processes.It is formed by the fusion of myoblasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.a)If i suffered a spinal cord injury,i would expect to see an atrophy in the legs. b)If i took up a marathon running , i would expect to see some of my leg fast fibers being converted to slow fibers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lab 10===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Development of endocrine organ,the tyroid gland is affected by low dietary iodine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Iodine deficiency causes preventable mental retardation and brain damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. &lt;br /&gt;
The endocrine function of pancreas starts from 10 to 15 weeks onwards with the release of hormones,whereas the exocrine function of it starts postnatal onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The thyroid starts functioning from week 10 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of high levels of hCG in week 8 to 12 in the body stimulates Leydig cells of testes to start producing testosterone from  week 8 onwards with the secrete of testosterone and androstenedione.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:49, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=40681</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=40681"/>
		<updated>2010-10-13T07:01:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Picture */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Progressive assessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 1&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Picture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Answers for all lab questions====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 2 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 3&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore close on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The vitelline venous system will eventually give rise to liver sinusoids and portal system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 5&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.A myotube is a nucleated muscle fibre that has yet matured and still undergoes developing processes.It is formed by the fusion of myoblasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.a)If i suffered a spinal cord injury,i would expect to see an atrophy in the legs. b)If i took up a marathon running , i would expect to see some of my leg fast fibers being converted to slow fibers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 10&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Development of endocrine organ,the tyroid gland is affected by low dietary iodine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Iodine deficiency causes preventable mental retardation and brain damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. &lt;br /&gt;
The endocrine function of pancreas starts from 10 to 15 weeks onwards with the release of hormones,whereas the exocrine function of it starts postnatal onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The thyroid starts functioning from week 10 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of high levels of hCG in week 8 to 12 in the body stimulates Leydig cells of testes to start producing testosterone from  week 8 onwards with the secrete of testosterone and androstenedione.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:49, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=40680</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=40680"/>
		<updated>2010-10-13T07:01:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Progressive assessment */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Progressive assessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 1&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Picture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Answers for all lab questions====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 2 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 3&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore close on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The vitelline venous system will eventually give rise to liver sinusoids and portal system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 5&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.A myotube is a nucleated muscle fibre that has yet matured and still undergoes developing processes.It is formed by the fusion of myoblasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.a)If i suffered a spinal cord injury,i would expect to see an atrophy in the legs. b)If i took up a marathon running , i would expect to see some of my leg fast fibers being converted to slow fibers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 10&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Development of endocrine organ,the tyroid gland is affected by low dietary iodine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Iodine deficiency causes preventable mental retardation and brain damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. &lt;br /&gt;
The endocrine function of pancreas starts from 10 to 15 weeks onwards with the release of hormones,whereas the exocrine function of it starts postnatal onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The thyroid starts functioning from week 10 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of high levels of hCG in week 8 to 12 in the body stimulates Leydig cells of testes to start producing testosterone from  week 8 onwards with the secrete of testosterone and androstenedione.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:49, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=40679</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=40679"/>
		<updated>2010-10-13T06:57:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Lab works */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Progressive assessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 1&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Answers for all lab questions====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 2 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 3&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore close on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The vitelline venous system will eventually give rise to liver sinusoids and portal system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 5&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.A myotube is a nucleated muscle fibre that has yet matured and still undergoes developing processes.It is formed by the fusion of myoblasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.a)If i suffered a spinal cord injury,i would expect to see an atrophy in the legs. b)If i took up a marathon running , i would expect to see some of my leg fast fibers being converted to slow fibers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 10&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Development of endocrine organ,the tyroid gland is affected by low dietary iodine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Iodine deficiency causes preventable mental retardation and brain damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. &lt;br /&gt;
The endocrine function of pancreas starts from 10 to 15 weeks onwards with the release of hormones,whereas the exocrine function of it starts postnatal onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The thyroid starts functioning from week 10 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of high levels of hCG in week 8 to 12 in the body stimulates Leydig cells of testes to start producing testosterone from  week 8 onwards with the secrete of testosterone and androstenedione.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:49, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=40678</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=40678"/>
		<updated>2010-10-13T06:53:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Answers for all lab questions */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Answers for all lab questions====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 2 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 3&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore close on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The vitelline venous system will eventually give rise to liver sinusoids and portal system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 5&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.A myotube is a nucleated muscle fibre that has yet matured and still undergoes developing processes.It is formed by the fusion of myoblasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.a)If i suffered a spinal cord injury,i would expect to see an atrophy in the legs. b)If i took up a marathon running , i would expect to see some of my leg fast fibers being converted to slow fibers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 10&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Development of endocrine organ,the tyroid gland is affected by low dietary iodine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Iodine deficiency causes preventable mental retardation and brain damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. &lt;br /&gt;
The endocrine function of pancreas starts from 10 to 15 weeks onwards with the release of hormones,whereas the exocrine function of it starts postnatal onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The thyroid starts functioning from week 10 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of high levels of hCG in week 8 to 12 in the body stimulates Leydig cells of testes to start producing testosterone from  week 8 onwards with the secrete of testosterone and androstenedione.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:49, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=40677</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=40677"/>
		<updated>2010-10-13T06:52:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Answers for all lab questions */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Answers for all lab questions====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 2 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 3&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore close on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The vitelline venous system will eventually give rise to liver sinusoids and portal system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 5&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.A myotube is a nucleated muscle fibre that has yet matured and still undergoes developing processes.It is formed by the fusion of myoblasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.a)If i suffered a spinal cord injury,i would expect to see an atrophy in the legs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  b)If i took up a marathon running , i would expect to see some of my leg fast fibers being converted to slow fibers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 10&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Development of endocrine organ,the tyroid gland is affected by low dietary iodine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Iodine deficiency causes preventable mental retardation and brain damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. &lt;br /&gt;
The endocrine function of pancreas starts from 10 to 15 weeks onwards with the release of hormones,whereas the exocrine function of it starts postnatal onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The thyroid starts functioning from week 10 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of high levels of hCG in week 8 to 12 in the body stimulates Leydig cells of testes to start producing testosterone from  week 8 onwards with the secrete of testosterone and androstenedione.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:49, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=40676</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=40676"/>
		<updated>2010-10-13T06:50:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Answers for all lab questions */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Answers for all lab questions====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 2 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 3&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore close on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The vitelline venous system will eventually give rise to liver sinusoids and portal system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 5&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.A myotube is a nucleated muscle fibre that has yet matured and still undergoes developing processes.It is formed by the fusion of myoblasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.a)If i suffered a spinal cord injury,i would expect to see an atrophy in the legs.&lt;br /&gt;
  b)If i took up a marathon running , i would expect to see some of the fast fibers being changed to slow fibres in the legs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 10&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Development of endocrine organ,the tyroid gland is affected by low dietary iodine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Iodine deficiency causes preventable mental retardation and brain damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. &lt;br /&gt;
The endocrine function of pancreas starts from 10 to 15 weeks onwards with the release of hormones,whereas the exocrine function of it starts postnatal onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The thyroid starts functioning from week 10 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of high levels of hCG in week 8 to 12 in the body stimulates Leydig cells of testes to start producing testosterone from  week 8 onwards with the secrete of testosterone and androstenedione.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:49, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=40675</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=40675"/>
		<updated>2010-10-13T06:49:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* lab questions */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Answers for all lab questions====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 2 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 3&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore close on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The vitelline venous system will eventually give rise to liver sinusoids and portal system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 5&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.A myotube is a nucleated muscle fibre that has yet matured and still undergoes developing processes.It is formed by the fusion of myoblasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.a)If i suffered a spinal cord injury,i would expect to see an atrophy in the legs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  b)If i took up a marathon running , i would expect to see some of the fast fibers being changed to slow fibres in the legs.&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 10&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Development of endocrine organ,the tyroid gland is affected by low dietary iodine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Iodine deficiency causes preventable mental retardation and brain damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. &lt;br /&gt;
The endocrine function of pancreas starts from 10 to 15 weeks onwards with the release of hormones,whereas the exocrine function of it starts postnatal onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The thyroid starts functioning from week 10 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of high levels of hCG in week 8 to 12 in the body stimulates Leydig cells of testes to start producing testosterone from  week 8 onwards with the secrete of testosterone and androstenedione.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:49, 13 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=39860</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=39860"/>
		<updated>2010-10-06T22:14:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Lab Attendance */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 22:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====lab questions====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 2 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 3&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore close on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 5&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Talk:2010_Group_Project_5&amp;diff=39794</id>
		<title>Talk:2010 Group Project 5</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Talk:2010_Group_Project_5&amp;diff=39794"/>
		<updated>2010-10-06T12:47:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Improvements */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Hey, i know im not supposed to be helping rival groups (hehe) but i was just having a general look through all the pages, and i noticed your new picture (which is awesome by the way). i thought i would let you know that the cervical canal is labeled in the wrong spot :/ hope you have time to fix it. kind regards - --[[User:Z3265772|z3265772]] 04:57, 6 October 2010 (UTC) also, if you decide to fix it, at the same time you might want to change the label speculum to cotton swab (or something similar), and if you dont want to change it, you might want to delete this post so mark doesnt read it :P hehe&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
THanks!  --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 10:08, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi Guys! I was just wondering if i could please get your permission to use your student drawn diagram, if you see our [[2010_Group_Project_2|page]] im making a table with all our diagrams in it, and, of course, i need your permission to use it :) Thanks! Jill - group 2 --[[User:Z3265772|z3265772]] 02:54, 23 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer review==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Group 5: I found your page to be very concise and to the point and your information seems to cover all concepts without rambling on. This is a good thing because it makes reading the text straightforward and simpler to understand but at the same time i think you could still have used with some background information, perhaps in a history section, and maybe even a discussion about limitations. More pictures would also greatly improve not only the look of your page but also compliment the information and engage your reader. In terms of structure, i think that improvements could be made here to allow the information to flow better. Perhaps the 'preventions' section could be merged with &amp;quot;what next?' because the content is related so it would be natural progression and even put into a table to aid understanding? But overall its looking good and the research is evident. good job&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3293029|z3293029]] 21:59, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Group 5 - in terms of content, it is informative. Well done. In terms of the page aesthetics, images of fetal fibronectin itself would be useful at the start, and images especially in the Procedure section. The information is there however the use of images throughout the page and tabulating some of your information would make it more engaging and easier to understand. Remember to add a Historical background on the procedure even if it's short seeing as it is still a relatively 'new' procedure. The current research section could be rephrased more to fit into the flow of your page as a whole. Judging by the last sentence, it seems as though it has been put together by simply copy and pasting snippets from different journals. It would be more beneficial if the information given in the journals was analysed, interpreted and then presented while still referencing. This goes for the procedure also. Try to find information, understand it yourself and then 'explain' it to your audience. You will find that the page will be more cohesive as a result. Another point would be to expand the subheadings so that they clearly identify the subject matter being covered under that section as at the moment they are quite vague. Some points which could also be addressed: future of the procedure? The glossary could also be expanded. Good effort. --z3241780 14:14, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''GROUP 5: Fetal Fibronectin'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Group 5 the first thing I have to say about your project page that I think will really help you guy out is that you need put more pictures. If I’m not mistaken the hand drawn picture at the very top is the only picture on the whole page. Pictures help captivate the audience and makes your intended audience want to read on to find out or relate the picture to the information present. They also help break up the page and allow the reader some processing time while reading the information of Fetal fibronectin. The Information you have presented is pretty much flawless being the perfect amount of scientific language, by this I mean that your assignment is assessable for pretty much anyone but more importantly the information was informative. The Dot points you have used many of the section also help us understand the project better. Last but not least you have missed out on history of the pre-natal diagnostic technique which Mark Hill said was part of his marking scheme, and after reading what other people have posted on your discussion page I notice that I’m not the only one to make this comment. Apart from that nice work!!!!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3252635|z3252635]] 13:23, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You have a nice and simple page, concise and to the point. Nice drawn image at the beginning of the page to draw attention I thought it was very well done. I found that the current research was good, showed some good effort with good references to backup your info about the case studies and statistics. Ways that could be improved is the use of images, so people could understand the topic better, and some tables may help to make the information more interesting. I guess more detail and elaborate more on the history. Also i wasn't sure if there were any risks involved and how common this test is done. References were good, with a nice glossary. nice effort!&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3224500|z3224500]] 13:12, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Good content, needs a bit of colour and dynamics,,pictures, to engage the viewer,&lt;br /&gt;
The explanation of the results that can be obtained is succinct and to the point, it is a good section. There a few typos about, I was interseted in how accurate the test was for predicting pre term births and this was dealt with well in clinical research section. This had good scientific content. A table summarising your projects views on the validity of conducting this procedure, may reinforce the topic as, as you have explained in sentences, that it is a pretty crucial diagnostic tool. With a few little things like that this is a good web page.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3129413]] 17:12, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Simple, good organisation and what I like about it is that they referenced a lot of their text to backup their information which i thought was very scientific. The drawn picture was nice, but overall the page needed more images and pictures to understand the topic better. A table may have been a good choice to convey some information to make it more interesting, but it is still simple so not a very big deal there. So overall, more images, and I think more longer information under some headings would provide more extensive knowledge on the topic. References are very good, with an alright glossary. &lt;br /&gt;
Hi guys!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I’m guessing that the fetal fibronectin diagram at the top of the page is your student drawn diagram. Nice job on it. You might want to more clearly indicate that it is student drawn, though, and you should probably include the copyright statement. Also, you might want to think about adding some more pictures to your page to break up the text a little bit and make the page more eye-catching and easy to look at. I have to say that I really liked the way that you’ve set out the section on the test results. It was very easy to read. If I had another suggestion, it would be to move your glossary up to before the references – I almost didn’t notice you had a glossary hidden there. If someone wasn’t really looking, they might not spot it. Other than that, nice job!--[[User:Z3252833|z3252833]] 12:45, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--Group 4 Fetal Fibronectin &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although this page had not as much detail put into it compared to previous pages, I found it much easier to read and absorb information. We must take into account that they have used a variety of sources so I am speculating that this is the more important information after researching this topic. So taking this into account I believe that this page is informative on the topic using a variety of sources, but hasn’t gone too in depth. The only advice I can give is to add some pictures or diagrams, even reproduce the information in a table to make it more interesting. Thanks guys you have done a great job.   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3290040|3290040]] 10:19, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Group 5&lt;br /&gt;
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Group 5, the set out of your page is really good, its broken up into sections and there's lots of point form throughout which makes it really clear and easy to understand, except for current research. &lt;br /&gt;
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What could be improved: More pictures would help break it up and make it more interesting, maybe a picture of the actual procedure would be good. Some more detail could be added to give it a more scientific aspect like for example in the procedure section, and maybe a section on the historic background, I think thats part of the marking criteria. Overall i think you've done a great job but just maybe add some more detail to give it a more scientific feel.&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3292208|z3292208]] 08:21, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Fetal Fibronectin&lt;br /&gt;
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Hey guys good work with this assignment. The first thing I notice was there are not as many pictures as there are in other pages. However, what was there was relevant and easily readable.I think some more detail could be given in a few sections would help convey a more technical side of this subject matter. &lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3254753|z3254753]] 17:20, 21 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Group 5 = I really like how all the parts are broken down into points which made it easy to follow except for the &amp;quot;current research&amp;quot; . It is very structured and the picture looks great.&lt;br /&gt;
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What could be improved is adding more pictures and break down the current research into bullet points but other than that its great --[[User:Z3305561|Navneet Ahuja]] 12:26, 21 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Group 5: Foetal fibronectin &lt;br /&gt;
What I found good about this assignment was that all the information was presented in a clear and organized manner, and did appear to have a teaching element to the project. There was a great amount of research and referencing done although it did lack a bit of a “scientific feel”.&lt;br /&gt;
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What could be improved?&lt;br /&gt;
Some extra pictures or tables could be added and also the glossary could probably be placed above the references so that it is easier to refer to it instead of having to scroll all the way down. &lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3254433|z3254433]] 07:20, 20 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi Group 5, I liked the fact that everything is referenced, it made me feel like you have really researched what you are putting on here. Your page is very informative and i learnt alot about fetal fibronectin. i liked your student drawn diagram!&lt;br /&gt;
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improvements: definitely extra pictures. If you cant find any that you can use, start emailing the companies, this is how i got most of our permissions, as i couldnt find any with permissions. as a last resort try wiki, all of their pictures arent copyright protected. Also, probably best to go through the criteria for the page, youve missed the history altogether. Here it is for you:&lt;br /&gt;
project outline:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Intro&lt;br /&gt;
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2. historic background&lt;br /&gt;
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3. current associated research&lt;br /&gt;
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4. simplified description of technique&lt;br /&gt;
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5. student drawn figure or animation&lt;br /&gt;
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6. reference list&lt;br /&gt;
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7. glossary&lt;br /&gt;
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8. external links &lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3265772|z3265772]] 03:46, 21 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Reading through the information is quite easy, the headings and sub-headings makes it very clear to follow. Having questions as sub-headings makes it very user friendly to read and understand the fetal fibronectin test. However the history and development of the test is lacking. Also is the test specific for pre-mature birth detection only? please specify. The introduction also is a bit confusing where it say &amp;quot;Fetal fibronectin is a protein based plasma that acts as a form of glue attaching the amniotic sac to the uterine wall. Fetal fibronectin is commonly present between 22 to 35 weeks of pregnancy. It is released into the upper vagina towards the onset of labour. If the test finds fFN between this period, the woman will have a chance of going into labour&amp;quot; - what period are u talking about? when I read it, it seems to be prefering to 22-35 weeks of pregnancy as it state before, but it was mention that it was commonly to find fFN during that time, does that mean that it is common for women to have pre-mature births?&lt;br /&gt;
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What could be improve would be providing a brief history of this test and fix up the introduction so it won't be confusing to the reader.&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3216889|3216889]] 13:53, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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----&lt;br /&gt;
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{{Template:Projects10MHtalk}}&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:S8600021|Mark Hill]] 00:55, 31 August 2010 (UTC) There is no content on your project page and you are not making appropriate progress. I expect you all at this weeks lab and an explanation as to why no one is adding content to your project page.&lt;br /&gt;
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===You need to have this updated before this weeks lab when I will be reviewing all projects.===&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:S8600021|Mark Hill]] 04:44, 23 August 2010 (UTC) This is no where not good enough, I will need to talk to you in this weeks lab. Your group has not searched the scientific literature, found information about fibronectin or related images. Unless everyone here gets going on this project you will not be completed in time.&lt;br /&gt;
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Dez--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 09:10, 9 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi,members,i have split the work up to 3 different constituent parts and each of us will get to pick 1&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
and do it.In addition,i have also roughly split the work up to 3 stages, which is:&lt;br /&gt;
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a)collecting the information from different sources,&lt;br /&gt;
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b)grouping the information,and&lt;br /&gt;
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c)put what we get on group page.&lt;br /&gt;
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Note:&lt;br /&gt;
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-you just need to put your name next to the capitalised heading,(e.g PART C-Dez)to indicate you are up to that part.&lt;br /&gt;
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-PART C is picked by me, so,options left are PART A and B only.&lt;br /&gt;
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-You can always add in additional info, but i think it`s better we discuss it first when we figure or find it out(the ones you cant decide if they`re your part),so that we can discussion whose part it belongs to and who should do it, to kinda maintain the flow of the content.&lt;br /&gt;
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-i`m aware that PART B is relatively short,i was outta ideas.Well, the point of PART B i make it mainly emphasizes on info related to how this test is carried out and 3rd party`s voices on this test.&lt;br /&gt;
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The 3 different parts that i have split up are as following:&lt;br /&gt;
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PART A - Jade&lt;br /&gt;
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Introduction:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-what does this technique rely on?(fibronectin)&lt;br /&gt;
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-Stuff about fn ,fibronectin,like the time or stage it forms during pregnancy.&lt;br /&gt;
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-what does  fn do in mom`s tummy during pregnancy.&lt;br /&gt;
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-what kind of other abnormalities can this test predict? (mainly used for the prediction of preterm birth as far as i know)&lt;br /&gt;
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-signs and events of preterm birth in mom`s tummy if there`s a high possibility the mom`s having a &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
preterm birth,like,cervix dilation , fn leaks outta vagina,etc.&lt;br /&gt;
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-the relationship of fn and prediction of preterm birth.&lt;br /&gt;
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(like comparison of fn between pregnant woman who are not at risk of preterm birth and those who are,etc)&lt;br /&gt;
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PART B-Mary&lt;br /&gt;
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-how does the test work? like,steps and procedures involve.&lt;br /&gt;
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3rd party`s voices:&lt;br /&gt;
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-what do the public doctors , pregnant woman say about this technique?-interview  thing, vids( how this&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
test is carried out)&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
-related images.&lt;br /&gt;
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PART C-Dez&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-who should take the test?&lt;br /&gt;
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-What will the results tell about risk of delivering early?&lt;br /&gt;
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-diagnostic accuracy.&lt;br /&gt;
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-side effects.&lt;br /&gt;
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-advantages of knowing the prediction.&lt;br /&gt;
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-treatments for those who tested with positive result.&lt;br /&gt;
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One last thing,&lt;br /&gt;
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i think our primary source would be pubmed,of course there`re others too, but then the info isnt as&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
extensive and specific as pubmed,so go to it,look for the related journals and extract only details that&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
you need.&lt;br /&gt;
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It`d be great if we could find more images and videos related to the info we get,by doing so,we could&lt;br /&gt;
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make the page less lengthy and readers understand it better.&lt;br /&gt;
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Looking forward to your comments,because i could be wrong.&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3291079|z3291079]] 12:21, 16 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
We should probably add something about the history of fetal f. Fit it in with part B?&lt;br /&gt;
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heey , sorry for the late reply.Yea, it fits in with part B , sounds reasonable.&lt;br /&gt;
Do you have any idea what it could be? and post some links on here , if you have some with you.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:57, 19 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hey guys I found a really good article about that defines what fetal fibronectin is and how it is used to determine preterm labour. I Don't know if I can copy paste because of the copyright and I forgot how to make a link so the website is http://www.ranzcog.edu.au/publications/statements/C-obs26.pdf , It's got bits and pieces of everyones parts if You guys want to look through it and pick out what would be of help to you. Also I found a video. It's that doctor that goes onto the Dr Phil show but it's pretty good. It was one of few that I could find soo look at it and tell me what you think. Its website is http://www.5min.com/Video/Learn-about-Fetal-Fibronectin-Test-114223707. If you can find any videos just post them up because I don't think there are many around. Also I've found articles that question the tests ability to undermine the occurrence of the pre-term birth. I don't know if this is significant enough to add in as we are essentially talking about it's role in identifying whether or not the mother is going to have a pre-term birth or not instead of whether the doctor can stop it. Tell me what you think. should I add it in or not? You can find the article at http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Abstract/1996/05000/The_Preterm_Prediction_Study__Fetal_Fibronectin.1.aspx. --[[User:Z3252083|Mary Nicolas]] 10:09, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I think it is significant enough as it is an issue around this technique.I`d say add it in.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 07:12, 19 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yeah add this in cos you can say how it is a good technique but is not the best etc., etc. This could cover the topic of the reliability of this technique which we can look through. Some additional info i guess. --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 03:02, 24 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Mary, you have one more part to do , which is the history of fetal fibronectin.( Like what inspired the Doc came up with this technique and is this technique a modified version of some technique, and of course it`d be great if you could find stuff like when the first time this technique was put to use, how was it and talk a little bit about the following tests,and important people involved.)&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:57, 19 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hey guys, I've found an article that is a good reference describing the test...it's a good outline of what we need to know. I've found a site about fFN that may help, nothing major though. it also has a few references of articles on there that we could research.  I'm going to post the subheadings up on the main page of what i think, let me know what you think but you guys can go ahead and change it :) - Jade&lt;br /&gt;
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http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332_1149.asp&lt;br /&gt;
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2582650/?tool=pubmed  --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 03:18, 24 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Oh and if we can find anything about further research about fFN, about improving it or something then we should add that in --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 03:33, 24 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I will do a drawing of fetal fibronectin in the womb, there's a great picture on the video that mary posted, so i will use that as a guide --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 11:17, 1 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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http://www.southernhealth.org.au/icms_docs/1197_Fetal_fibronectin_Quikcheck_in_threatened_peterm_labour.pdf    Just some more info to help --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 13:55, 1 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hey guys, kinda getting worried, we should really get a move on with this assignment lol. I'm going to draw a picture today and put it up. And hopefully finish my part of this assignment. Any feedback? --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 00:16, 7 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Another helpful site guys - http://www.ffntest.com/index.html --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 02:13, 8 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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hey guys don't worry about me I'm doing my work I just want to do it all before I put it up. The test results and procedure have been really easy to put together but the history is quite difficult as there is not demarcating date or person that used it first up... if that makes sense. I'll do it but I dont think I'm going to come up with a timeline like some of the other groups. --[[User:Z3252083|Mary Nicolas]] 04:06, 13 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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@Mary:it`s alright ,Mary.Put up what you think is makes sense,we can then discuss on it and edit in the remaining days.&lt;br /&gt;
@Jade:i realise you didn`t reference your work.So, i reckon you reference your work as soon as you can.--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 10:27, 13 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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We also need more images. It's hard to find non-copyrighted pictures for fFN. i'll draw another picture if really needed. --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 12:38, 13 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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===Improvements===&lt;br /&gt;
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Include a table on the deformities that result from pre-term births&lt;br /&gt;
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History; refer back to the outline - I'm finding it extremely hard to find stuff about the history ay--[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 11:49, 5 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pictures&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Images for the Procedure - I added another drawing for the procedure --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 11:49, 5 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Glossary above the references - DONE --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 11:49, 5 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Make Introduction clearer - DONE --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 11:49, 5 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Break up Current research into dot points&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3252083|Mary Nicolas]] 00:25, 23 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;preventions&amp;quot; section could be merged with &amp;quot;what next&amp;quot; -DONE --[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 12:08, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How common the test is done- look it up under the heading &amp;quot;targeted individuals--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 12:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The risks of this test-look it up under the heading &amp;quot;disadvantages&amp;quot;--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 12:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;current research section&amp;quot; is broken down into several subheadings to make readers more easier to understand--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 12:42, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''So we don't forget; '''the project guidelines'''''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. The key points relating to the topic that your group allocated are clearly described.&lt;br /&gt;
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2. The choice of content, headings and sub-headings, diagrams, tables, graphs show a good understanding of the topic area.&lt;br /&gt;
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3. Content is correctly cited and referenced.&lt;br /&gt;
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4. The wiki has an element of teaching at a peer level using the student's own innovative diagrams, tables or figures and/or using interesting examples or explanations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Evidence of significant research relating to basic and applied sciences that goes beyond the formal teaching activities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6. Relates the topic and content of the Wiki entry to learning aims of embryology.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
7. Clearly reflects on editing/feedback from group peers and articulates how the Wiki could be improved (or not) based on peer comments/feedback. Demonstrates an ability to review own work when criticised in an open edited wiki format. Reflects on what was learned from the process of editing a peer's wiki.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
8. Evaluates own performance and that of group peers to give a rounded summary of this wiki process in terms of group effort and achievement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
9. The content of the wiki should demonstrate to the reader that your group has researched adequately on this topic and covered the key areas necessary to inform your peers in their learning.&lt;br /&gt;
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10. Develops and edits the wiki entries in accordance with the above guidelines. --[[User:Z3252083|Mary Nicolas]] 00:49, 23 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi Guys! I was just wondering if i could please get your permission to use your student drawn diagram, if you see our [[2010_Group_Project_2|page]] im making a table with all our diagrams in it, and, of course, i need your permission to use it :) Thanks! Jill - group 2 --[[User:Z3265772|z3265772]] 02:55, 23 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Talk:2010_Group_Project_5&amp;diff=39791</id>
		<title>Talk:2010 Group Project 5</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Talk:2010_Group_Project_5&amp;diff=39791"/>
		<updated>2010-10-06T12:42:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Improvements */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;Hey, i know im not supposed to be helping rival groups (hehe) but i was just having a general look through all the pages, and i noticed your new picture (which is awesome by the way). i thought i would let you know that the cervical canal is labeled in the wrong spot :/ hope you have time to fix it. kind regards - --[[User:Z3265772|z3265772]] 04:57, 6 October 2010 (UTC) also, if you decide to fix it, at the same time you might want to change the label speculum to cotton swab (or something similar), and if you dont want to change it, you might want to delete this post so mark doesnt read it :P hehe&lt;br /&gt;
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THanks!  --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 10:08, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi Guys! I was just wondering if i could please get your permission to use your student drawn diagram, if you see our [[2010_Group_Project_2|page]] im making a table with all our diagrams in it, and, of course, i need your permission to use it :) Thanks! Jill - group 2 --[[User:Z3265772|z3265772]] 02:54, 23 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Peer review==&lt;br /&gt;
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Group 5: I found your page to be very concise and to the point and your information seems to cover all concepts without rambling on. This is a good thing because it makes reading the text straightforward and simpler to understand but at the same time i think you could still have used with some background information, perhaps in a history section, and maybe even a discussion about limitations. More pictures would also greatly improve not only the look of your page but also compliment the information and engage your reader. In terms of structure, i think that improvements could be made here to allow the information to flow better. Perhaps the 'preventions' section could be merged with &amp;quot;what next?' because the content is related so it would be natural progression and even put into a table to aid understanding? But overall its looking good and the research is evident. good job&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3293029|z3293029]] 21:59, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Group 5 - in terms of content, it is informative. Well done. In terms of the page aesthetics, images of fetal fibronectin itself would be useful at the start, and images especially in the Procedure section. The information is there however the use of images throughout the page and tabulating some of your information would make it more engaging and easier to understand. Remember to add a Historical background on the procedure even if it's short seeing as it is still a relatively 'new' procedure. The current research section could be rephrased more to fit into the flow of your page as a whole. Judging by the last sentence, it seems as though it has been put together by simply copy and pasting snippets from different journals. It would be more beneficial if the information given in the journals was analysed, interpreted and then presented while still referencing. This goes for the procedure also. Try to find information, understand it yourself and then 'explain' it to your audience. You will find that the page will be more cohesive as a result. Another point would be to expand the subheadings so that they clearly identify the subject matter being covered under that section as at the moment they are quite vague. Some points which could also be addressed: future of the procedure? The glossary could also be expanded. Good effort. --z3241780 14:14, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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'''GROUP 5: Fetal Fibronectin'''&lt;br /&gt;
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Group 5 the first thing I have to say about your project page that I think will really help you guy out is that you need put more pictures. If I’m not mistaken the hand drawn picture at the very top is the only picture on the whole page. Pictures help captivate the audience and makes your intended audience want to read on to find out or relate the picture to the information present. They also help break up the page and allow the reader some processing time while reading the information of Fetal fibronectin. The Information you have presented is pretty much flawless being the perfect amount of scientific language, by this I mean that your assignment is assessable for pretty much anyone but more importantly the information was informative. The Dot points you have used many of the section also help us understand the project better. Last but not least you have missed out on history of the pre-natal diagnostic technique which Mark Hill said was part of his marking scheme, and after reading what other people have posted on your discussion page I notice that I’m not the only one to make this comment. Apart from that nice work!!!!&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3252635|z3252635]] 13:23, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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You have a nice and simple page, concise and to the point. Nice drawn image at the beginning of the page to draw attention I thought it was very well done. I found that the current research was good, showed some good effort with good references to backup your info about the case studies and statistics. Ways that could be improved is the use of images, so people could understand the topic better, and some tables may help to make the information more interesting. I guess more detail and elaborate more on the history. Also i wasn't sure if there were any risks involved and how common this test is done. References were good, with a nice glossary. nice effort!&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3224500|z3224500]] 13:12, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Good content, needs a bit of colour and dynamics,,pictures, to engage the viewer,&lt;br /&gt;
The explanation of the results that can be obtained is succinct and to the point, it is a good section. There a few typos about, I was interseted in how accurate the test was for predicting pre term births and this was dealt with well in clinical research section. This had good scientific content. A table summarising your projects views on the validity of conducting this procedure, may reinforce the topic as, as you have explained in sentences, that it is a pretty crucial diagnostic tool. With a few little things like that this is a good web page.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3129413]] 17:12, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Simple, good organisation and what I like about it is that they referenced a lot of their text to backup their information which i thought was very scientific. The drawn picture was nice, but overall the page needed more images and pictures to understand the topic better. A table may have been a good choice to convey some information to make it more interesting, but it is still simple so not a very big deal there. So overall, more images, and I think more longer information under some headings would provide more extensive knowledge on the topic. References are very good, with an alright glossary. &lt;br /&gt;
Hi guys!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I’m guessing that the fetal fibronectin diagram at the top of the page is your student drawn diagram. Nice job on it. You might want to more clearly indicate that it is student drawn, though, and you should probably include the copyright statement. Also, you might want to think about adding some more pictures to your page to break up the text a little bit and make the page more eye-catching and easy to look at. I have to say that I really liked the way that you’ve set out the section on the test results. It was very easy to read. If I had another suggestion, it would be to move your glossary up to before the references – I almost didn’t notice you had a glossary hidden there. If someone wasn’t really looking, they might not spot it. Other than that, nice job!--[[User:Z3252833|z3252833]] 12:45, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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--Group 4 Fetal Fibronectin &lt;br /&gt;
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Although this page had not as much detail put into it compared to previous pages, I found it much easier to read and absorb information. We must take into account that they have used a variety of sources so I am speculating that this is the more important information after researching this topic. So taking this into account I believe that this page is informative on the topic using a variety of sources, but hasn’t gone too in depth. The only advice I can give is to add some pictures or diagrams, even reproduce the information in a table to make it more interesting. Thanks guys you have done a great job.   &lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3290040|3290040]] 10:19, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Group 5&lt;br /&gt;
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Group 5, the set out of your page is really good, its broken up into sections and there's lots of point form throughout which makes it really clear and easy to understand, except for current research. &lt;br /&gt;
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What could be improved: More pictures would help break it up and make it more interesting, maybe a picture of the actual procedure would be good. Some more detail could be added to give it a more scientific aspect like for example in the procedure section, and maybe a section on the historic background, I think thats part of the marking criteria. Overall i think you've done a great job but just maybe add some more detail to give it a more scientific feel.&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3292208|z3292208]] 08:21, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Fetal Fibronectin&lt;br /&gt;
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Hey guys good work with this assignment. The first thing I notice was there are not as many pictures as there are in other pages. However, what was there was relevant and easily readable.I think some more detail could be given in a few sections would help convey a more technical side of this subject matter. &lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3254753|z3254753]] 17:20, 21 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Group 5 = I really like how all the parts are broken down into points which made it easy to follow except for the &amp;quot;current research&amp;quot; . It is very structured and the picture looks great.&lt;br /&gt;
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What could be improved is adding more pictures and break down the current research into bullet points but other than that its great --[[User:Z3305561|Navneet Ahuja]] 12:26, 21 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Group 5: Foetal fibronectin &lt;br /&gt;
What I found good about this assignment was that all the information was presented in a clear and organized manner, and did appear to have a teaching element to the project. There was a great amount of research and referencing done although it did lack a bit of a “scientific feel”.&lt;br /&gt;
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What could be improved?&lt;br /&gt;
Some extra pictures or tables could be added and also the glossary could probably be placed above the references so that it is easier to refer to it instead of having to scroll all the way down. &lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3254433|z3254433]] 07:20, 20 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi Group 5, I liked the fact that everything is referenced, it made me feel like you have really researched what you are putting on here. Your page is very informative and i learnt alot about fetal fibronectin. i liked your student drawn diagram!&lt;br /&gt;
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improvements: definitely extra pictures. If you cant find any that you can use, start emailing the companies, this is how i got most of our permissions, as i couldnt find any with permissions. as a last resort try wiki, all of their pictures arent copyright protected. Also, probably best to go through the criteria for the page, youve missed the history altogether. Here it is for you:&lt;br /&gt;
project outline:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Intro&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. historic background&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. current associated research&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. simplified description of technique&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5. student drawn figure or animation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6. reference list&lt;br /&gt;
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7. glossary&lt;br /&gt;
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8. external links &lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3265772|z3265772]] 03:46, 21 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Reading through the information is quite easy, the headings and sub-headings makes it very clear to follow. Having questions as sub-headings makes it very user friendly to read and understand the fetal fibronectin test. However the history and development of the test is lacking. Also is the test specific for pre-mature birth detection only? please specify. The introduction also is a bit confusing where it say &amp;quot;Fetal fibronectin is a protein based plasma that acts as a form of glue attaching the amniotic sac to the uterine wall. Fetal fibronectin is commonly present between 22 to 35 weeks of pregnancy. It is released into the upper vagina towards the onset of labour. If the test finds fFN between this period, the woman will have a chance of going into labour&amp;quot; - what period are u talking about? when I read it, it seems to be prefering to 22-35 weeks of pregnancy as it state before, but it was mention that it was commonly to find fFN during that time, does that mean that it is common for women to have pre-mature births?&lt;br /&gt;
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What could be improve would be providing a brief history of this test and fix up the introduction so it won't be confusing to the reader.&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3216889|3216889]] 13:53, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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----&lt;br /&gt;
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{{Template:Projects10MHtalk}}&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:S8600021|Mark Hill]] 00:55, 31 August 2010 (UTC) There is no content on your project page and you are not making appropriate progress. I expect you all at this weeks lab and an explanation as to why no one is adding content to your project page.&lt;br /&gt;
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===You need to have this updated before this weeks lab when I will be reviewing all projects.===&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:S8600021|Mark Hill]] 04:44, 23 August 2010 (UTC) This is no where not good enough, I will need to talk to you in this weeks lab. Your group has not searched the scientific literature, found information about fibronectin or related images. Unless everyone here gets going on this project you will not be completed in time.&lt;br /&gt;
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Dez--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 09:10, 9 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi,members,i have split the work up to 3 different constituent parts and each of us will get to pick 1&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
and do it.In addition,i have also roughly split the work up to 3 stages, which is:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
a)collecting the information from different sources,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
b)grouping the information,and&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
c)put what we get on group page.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-you just need to put your name next to the capitalised heading,(e.g PART C-Dez)to indicate you are up to that part.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-PART C is picked by me, so,options left are PART A and B only.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-You can always add in additional info, but i think it`s better we discuss it first when we figure or find it out(the ones you cant decide if they`re your part),so that we can discussion whose part it belongs to and who should do it, to kinda maintain the flow of the content.&lt;br /&gt;
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-i`m aware that PART B is relatively short,i was outta ideas.Well, the point of PART B i make it mainly emphasizes on info related to how this test is carried out and 3rd party`s voices on this test.&lt;br /&gt;
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The 3 different parts that i have split up are as following:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PART A - Jade&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Introduction:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-what does this technique rely on?(fibronectin)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-Stuff about fn ,fibronectin,like the time or stage it forms during pregnancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-what does  fn do in mom`s tummy during pregnancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-what kind of other abnormalities can this test predict? (mainly used for the prediction of preterm birth as far as i know)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-signs and events of preterm birth in mom`s tummy if there`s a high possibility the mom`s having a &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
preterm birth,like,cervix dilation , fn leaks outta vagina,etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-the relationship of fn and prediction of preterm birth.&lt;br /&gt;
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(like comparison of fn between pregnant woman who are not at risk of preterm birth and those who are,etc)&lt;br /&gt;
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PART B-Mary&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-how does the test work? like,steps and procedures involve.&lt;br /&gt;
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3rd party`s voices:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-what do the public doctors , pregnant woman say about this technique?-interview  thing, vids( how this&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
test is carried out)&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
-related images.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PART C-Dez&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-who should take the test?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-What will the results tell about risk of delivering early?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-diagnostic accuracy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-side effects.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-advantages of knowing the prediction.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-treatments for those who tested with positive result.&lt;br /&gt;
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One last thing,&lt;br /&gt;
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i think our primary source would be pubmed,of course there`re others too, but then the info isnt as&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
extensive and specific as pubmed,so go to it,look for the related journals and extract only details that&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
you need.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It`d be great if we could find more images and videos related to the info we get,by doing so,we could&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
make the page less lengthy and readers understand it better.&lt;br /&gt;
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Looking forward to your comments,because i could be wrong.&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3291079|z3291079]] 12:21, 16 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
We should probably add something about the history of fetal f. Fit it in with part B?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
heey , sorry for the late reply.Yea, it fits in with part B , sounds reasonable.&lt;br /&gt;
Do you have any idea what it could be? and post some links on here , if you have some with you.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:57, 19 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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Hey guys I found a really good article about that defines what fetal fibronectin is and how it is used to determine preterm labour. I Don't know if I can copy paste because of the copyright and I forgot how to make a link so the website is http://www.ranzcog.edu.au/publications/statements/C-obs26.pdf , It's got bits and pieces of everyones parts if You guys want to look through it and pick out what would be of help to you. Also I found a video. It's that doctor that goes onto the Dr Phil show but it's pretty good. It was one of few that I could find soo look at it and tell me what you think. Its website is http://www.5min.com/Video/Learn-about-Fetal-Fibronectin-Test-114223707. If you can find any videos just post them up because I don't think there are many around. Also I've found articles that question the tests ability to undermine the occurrence of the pre-term birth. I don't know if this is significant enough to add in as we are essentially talking about it's role in identifying whether or not the mother is going to have a pre-term birth or not instead of whether the doctor can stop it. Tell me what you think. should I add it in or not? You can find the article at http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Abstract/1996/05000/The_Preterm_Prediction_Study__Fetal_Fibronectin.1.aspx. --[[User:Z3252083|Mary Nicolas]] 10:09, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I think it is significant enough as it is an issue around this technique.I`d say add it in.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 07:12, 19 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yeah add this in cos you can say how it is a good technique but is not the best etc., etc. This could cover the topic of the reliability of this technique which we can look through. Some additional info i guess. --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 03:02, 24 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mary, you have one more part to do , which is the history of fetal fibronectin.( Like what inspired the Doc came up with this technique and is this technique a modified version of some technique, and of course it`d be great if you could find stuff like when the first time this technique was put to use, how was it and talk a little bit about the following tests,and important people involved.)&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:57, 19 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Hey guys, I've found an article that is a good reference describing the test...it's a good outline of what we need to know. I've found a site about fFN that may help, nothing major though. it also has a few references of articles on there that we could research.  I'm going to post the subheadings up on the main page of what i think, let me know what you think but you guys can go ahead and change it :) - Jade&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332_1149.asp&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2582650/?tool=pubmed  --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 03:18, 24 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Oh and if we can find anything about further research about fFN, about improving it or something then we should add that in --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 03:33, 24 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I will do a drawing of fetal fibronectin in the womb, there's a great picture on the video that mary posted, so i will use that as a guide --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 11:17, 1 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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http://www.southernhealth.org.au/icms_docs/1197_Fetal_fibronectin_Quikcheck_in_threatened_peterm_labour.pdf    Just some more info to help --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 13:55, 1 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hey guys, kinda getting worried, we should really get a move on with this assignment lol. I'm going to draw a picture today and put it up. And hopefully finish my part of this assignment. Any feedback? --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 00:16, 7 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Another helpful site guys - http://www.ffntest.com/index.html --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 02:13, 8 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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hey guys don't worry about me I'm doing my work I just want to do it all before I put it up. The test results and procedure have been really easy to put together but the history is quite difficult as there is not demarcating date or person that used it first up... if that makes sense. I'll do it but I dont think I'm going to come up with a timeline like some of the other groups. --[[User:Z3252083|Mary Nicolas]] 04:06, 13 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
@Mary:it`s alright ,Mary.Put up what you think is makes sense,we can then discuss on it and edit in the remaining days.&lt;br /&gt;
@Jade:i realise you didn`t reference your work.So, i reckon you reference your work as soon as you can.--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 10:27, 13 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We also need more images. It's hard to find non-copyrighted pictures for fFN. i'll draw another picture if really needed. --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 12:38, 13 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Improvements===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Include a table on the deformities that result from pre-term births&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
History; refer back to the outline - I'm finding it extremely hard to find stuff about the history ay--[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 11:49, 5 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pictures&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Images for the Procedure - I added another drawing for the procedure --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 11:49, 5 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Glossary above the references - DONE --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 11:49, 5 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Make Introduction clearer - DONE --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 11:49, 5 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Break up Current research into dot points&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3252083|Mary Nicolas]] 00:25, 23 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;preventions&amp;quot; section could be merged with &amp;quot;what next&amp;quot; -DONE --[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 12:08, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How common the test is done- look it up under the heading &amp;quot;targeted individuals--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 12:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The risks of this test-look it up under the heading &amp;quot;disadvantages&amp;quot;--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 12:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;current research section&amp;quot; is broken down into several subheadings to make readers more easier to understand--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 12:42, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''So we don't forget; '''the project guidelines'''''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. The key points relating to the topic that your group allocated are clearly described.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. The choice of content, headings and sub-headings, diagrams, tables, graphs show a good understanding of the topic area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Content is correctly cited and referenced.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. The wiki has an element of teaching at a peer level using the student's own innovative diagrams, tables or figures and/or using interesting examples or explanations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Evidence of significant research relating to basic and applied sciences that goes beyond the formal teaching activities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6. Relates the topic and content of the Wiki entry to learning aims of embryology.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
7. Clearly reflects on editing/feedback from group peers and articulates how the Wiki could be improved (or not) based on peer comments/feedback. Demonstrates an ability to review own work when criticised in an open edited wiki format. Reflects on what was learned from the process of editing a peer's wiki.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
8. Evaluates own performance and that of group peers to give a rounded summary of this wiki process in terms of group effort and achievement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
9. The content of the wiki should demonstrate to the reader that your group has researched adequately on this topic and covered the key areas necessary to inform your peers in their learning.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
10. Develops and edits the wiki entries in accordance with the above guidelines. --[[User:Z3252083|Mary Nicolas]] 00:49, 23 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi Guys! I was just wondering if i could please get your permission to use your student drawn diagram, if you see our [[2010_Group_Project_2|page]] im making a table with all our diagrams in it, and, of course, i need your permission to use it :) Thanks! Jill - group 2 --[[User:Z3265772|z3265772]] 02:55, 23 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=2010_Group_Project_5&amp;diff=39790</id>
		<title>2010 Group Project 5</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=2010_Group_Project_5&amp;diff=39790"/>
		<updated>2010-10-06T12:35:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Current Research */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=Fetal Fibronectin=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Introduction==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:FetalFN.jpg|thumb|Fetal Fibronectin|320px|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Fetal Fibronectin (fFN) test measures the amount of secretions of fFN from a woman's vagina and cervix. This technique is used to determine the likelihood of a premature birth occurring. Fetal fibronectin is a protein based plasma that acts as a form of glue attaching the amniotic sac to the uterine wall. Fetal fibronectin is commonly present around the amniotic cavity between 22 to 35 weeks of pregnancy, but is released into the cervix and upper vagina toward the onset of labour. If the test finds fFN amongst the upper vagina, between this period, the woman will have a chance of going into early labour&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;2010 March of Dimes Foundation http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332_1149.asp&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Hence, if there is no fFN found, it is most likely that they woman will not going into pre-term labour. Therefore, this test allows the woman to see if they are at risk or not. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====About preterm births====&lt;br /&gt;
Preterm births refer to labour that occurs early than expected. Preterm labour occurs prior to 37 weeks of gestation, Signs include:&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;2010 March of Dimes Foundation http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332_1149.asp&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
- Contractions every 10 minutes or more &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Blood or clear, watery discharge from the vagina&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Low backache&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Heavy pelvic pressure&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many groups of women who are at risk of preterm labour. They include:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women who have had a history of preterm births&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women who are pregnant with twins or more&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women who have cervical or uterine abnormalities&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Obese or overweight women&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;20647282&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women associated with an illness or disease (diabetes, high blood pressure)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Smokers, alcoholics, drug users, stress and women who lack social support&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Risk Factors of a pre-term birth==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''A History of Pre-term births''': women with preceding pre-term births prior to 37 weeks have a 55% rate of a subsequent pre-term birth&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Meis PJ, Klebanoff M, Thom E, et al. Prevention of recurrent preterm delivery by 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2379-85.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Moreover, the incidence of a pre-term birth surmounts with every additional pre-term birth&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Adams MM, Elam-Evans LD, Wilson HG, Gilbertz DA. Rates of and factors associated with recurrence of preterm delivery. JAMA. 2000;283:1591-96.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Gestational age is another factor that heightens the risk of a subsequent preterm birth, i.e. as the gestational age of the prior pre-term birth decreases, the risk of a subsequent pre-term birth increases&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Mercer BM, Goldenberg RL, Moawad AH, et al. The preterm prediction study: effect of gestational age and cause of preterm birth on subsequent obstetric outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;181:1216-21.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Short cervix''': The Risk of a pre-term birth is manifested five-fold in the case of a woman with a cervical length of two centimetres as opposed to the expected four centimetres&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Iams JD, Goldenberg RL, Meis PJ, et al. The length of the cervix and the risk of spontaneous premature delivery. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(9):567-72.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Multifetal pregnancies''': Approximately 60% of multifetal births occur prior to the 37th week&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;.	Singer E, Pilpel S, Bsat F, et al. Accuracy of fetal fibronectin to predict preterm birth in twin gestations with symptoms of labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2007 May;109(5):1083-87&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Procedure of the Fetal Fibronectin Test==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fetal Fibronectin test involves a clinician placing a speculum into the vagina. A cotton swab is then used to collect a sample of the cervico-vaginal secretions in the cervical canal/posterior fornix. This sample is then sent to a Laboratory that analyses it, producing the results within 24 hours of the test. The necessity of the use of the speculum has been questioned in recent years. Studies have shown that the insertion of a finger to guide the cotton swab toward the posterior fornix of the vagina is just as effective as Adeza approved method. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;18355785&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:FFN_test2.jpg|thumb|Fetal Fibronectin Procedure Image|320px|centre]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Laboratory procedure===&lt;br /&gt;
The Laboratory test that is undertaken uses a specific monoclonal (FDC-6) antibody. The use of this antibody allows for rapid testing of the presence of fetal Fibronectin in the fFN assay. Prior to the use of this assay, ELIZA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay) was used but its inability to efficiently detect fetal Fibronectin saw it superseded by the current fFN assay. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This assay is:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•         '''Lateral flow'''; a type of Immunoassay that enables the test sample to exude along a solid substrate via capillary action. Another common example of this type of test is the take home pregnancy test&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•         '''Solid-phase Immunosorbent assay device'''; also known as reverse ELISA. This process involves an immunosorbent polystyrene rod which has distended ogives that have been sensitised to the fetal fibronectin specific reagent. The sensitised rod is then placed into the fetal fibronectin sample that is extracted from the patient. The ogives on the rod, which have now been exposed to the potential fetal fibronectin, undergo a series of washing, incubation in conjugate and incubation in chromogen (to develop the colour that will determine the partiality or impartiality of fetal fibronectin to the test and thus the premature presence of it in the cervix)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
•         '''Qualitative detection of fFN in cervico-vaginal specimens'''; the test concludes in either a positive or negative result.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Test Results==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Maintaining the quality of the sample===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The integrity of the test requires that the vagina and the cervix remain undisturbed. Such disruptions include:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	Physical examinations/digital vagina examinations such as a transvaginal ultrasound&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	Sexual intercourse within 24 hours of the test as Semen contains a degree of fibronectin which may lead to a false positive result. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Management of Preterm Labor. ACOG Practice Bulletin, number 43, May 2003 (reaffirmed 2008)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•       Preeclampsia &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;1536222&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, a False negative may occur if the Mother is suffering from Candida Albicans (yeast infection) as it binds with the Fetal Fibronectin. &amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt; Fetal Fibronectin; Lab Test online. http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/ffn/test.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===What do the test results mean?===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The results of the fetal Fibronectin test appear as a numeric figure that is either above or below a specified ng (of fetal fibronectin)/mL (of sample collected). If the Figure is below 50ng/mL the test result is negative; if it is greater than 50ng/mL the test result is positive &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;10739521&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''What does this mean?''  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With 95% accuracy a negative result predicts that labour is not going to occur within the following two weeks. A positive result, however, is an inconclusive result. Its main value is providing healthcare workers and the mother with the opportunity to negate for as long as possible the pre-term labour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===What`s following the positive results?===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From the perspective of infant health,preventions or treatments for fetal fibronection test positive woman can be divided into 3 types:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
a.Primary prevention - turning preterm birth to at term birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
b.Secondary Prevention - intervening before preterm birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
c.Tertiary Prevention - treatments for premature infants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However,the progress has mainly been made in the latter two preventions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The secondary prevention involves the regionalisation of perinatal and neonatal care which ,including matenal transport of impending preterm births and the use of antepartum steroid to speed up the maturation of postnatal lungs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tertiary prevention involves developments in neonatal intensive care such as ventilator management and surfactant treatment. It has had a substantial impact on infant mortality yet has less notably affected rates of long-term sequelae.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The secondary and tertiary prevention measures together have lowered gestational age-specific neonatal&lt;br /&gt;
mortality rates.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;PMC1508187&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The predicted results attained by the Fetal fibronectin test determine the actions of the mother and the health care workers within the next two week period. If the results are positive, some or all of the following actions will follow thereafter:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Tocolytic agents'''; these inhibit uterine contractions and delay subsequent birth by approximately 	4-5 days. They allow for substantial time to administer betamethasone, which is a glucocortocoid drug that sharply accelerates the rate of fetal lung maturity (usually reaching optimum load in 1-2days)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Tocolytic Agents - Protocols for Administration for Threatened&lt;br /&gt;
Preterm Labour. http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/policies/PD/2005/pdf/PD2005_249.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Progesterone'''; this is administered as it decreases the incidence of preterm births in mothers who have had previous pre-term births. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Effectiveness Of Progesterone In Reducing Preterm Births May Be Altered By Genetic Predisposition. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090130084153.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Corticosteroids'''; These also aid in fetal lung maturity.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Corticosteroids For Fetal Lung&lt;br /&gt;
Maturity. http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/PatientEd/Materials/PDFDocs/medicatn/gendrug/corticos-fetal.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Hospital transfer and bed rest'''; the mother may need to be transferred to a medical institution that has the facilities to deal with premature babies.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Targeted individuals==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists doesn’t recommend  pregnant women who have no symptoms and are not at high risk to be put to test, as the test hasn’t shown the accuracy predicting asymptomic woman.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Only 2 groups of pregnant woman would be recommended to put to test, which are the groups that have contractions or other symptoms of preterm labor in between  week 24th and 34th.The other group would be the group that are at high risk for preterm labor, such as women with prior preterm delivery, multifetal gestations, uterine abnormalities and cervical factors , but have no symptoms.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;7738935&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The test should only be used on those pregnant woman who are at high risk and show symptoms of preterm labor to help make a more accurate diagnosis. For example, women who have intact amniotic membranes, a cervix that has not dilated more than 3 cm, only slight vaginal bleeding, no cervical cerclage (a cervix that has been sewn shut during pregnancy to keep the baby in the uterus).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Assessment of Risk Factors for Preterm Birth. ACOG Practice Bulletin, number 31, October 2001 (reaffirmed 2008).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Current Research==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===How does a preterm birth happen?===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fFN(fetal fibronectin) remains relatively very low levels throughout the first 22 weeks of gestation. The  following dramatically increase of the concentration that reaches 50 ng/mL or over  from 22nd week onwards associates with the increase of the incidence of preterm labor before week 37th of gastation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Akush Ginekol (Sofiia). 2010;49(2):39-42. Bulgarian.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===What is the indicator of a preterm birth?===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to a study carried out in a teaching hospital, the presence of fetal fibronectin in the cervicovaginal secretions of  preterm birth symptomatic women indicates a significant risk for subsequent preterm birth while the absence of fetal fibronectin in this group of woman is a very strong indication that subsequent preterm birth is unlikely to occur.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID8688390&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;8688390&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===How accurate is fetal fibrinectin in preterm birth prediction?===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The findings are, the preterm birth (before 37 weeks of gestation) rate in the population studied was 19.1%. Fetal fibronectin predicted preterm birth with sensitivity of 63%, specificity of 95.6%, positive &lt;br /&gt;
predictive value of 77.3%, and negative predictive value of 91.6%. A negative test accurately excluded &lt;br /&gt;
(97.9%) the chance of subsequent birth during the three weeks interval following sampling.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID8688390 &amp;quot;/&amp;gt;A study with objective to determine the accuracy with which cervico-vaginal fetal fibronectin predicts preterm delivery using systematic quantitative overview of the available literature, concludes that fetal fibronectin test is the most accurate in predicting spontaneous preterm birth within 7 to 10 days after the test of symptomatic woman before advanced cervical dilatation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The variation of fFN accuracy in asymtomatic and symtomatic women===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A total of 26 876 women involved in the study and among asymptomatic women the best summary likelihood &lt;br /&gt;
ratio for positive results was 4.01, 95% confidence interval 2.93 to 5.49 for predicting birth before 34&lt;br /&gt;
weeks gestation, with corresponding summary likelihood ratio for negative results of 0.78. Among&lt;br /&gt;
symptomatic women the best summary likelihood ratio for positive results was 5.42 for predicting birth&lt;br /&gt;
within 7-10 days of testing, with corresponding ratio for negative results of 0.25.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===What does the current research say about this test?===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the test has been commonly used in labour and delivery units to help in the management of&lt;br /&gt;
preterm labour asymptomatic woman, yet it is not an official screening method to be used of pregnant &lt;br /&gt;
woman in general, as there is not sufficient evidence to recommend its use as a screening method. Fetal fibronectin test, if combined with clinical findings, has a potentially important role in clinical&lt;br /&gt;
management of women with symptoms suggestive of preterm labour.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID8688390 &amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Since this review found an association between knowledge of fFN results and a lower incidence of preterm&lt;br /&gt;
birth before 37 weeks, further research should be encouraged.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;18843732&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Significance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Advantages===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Infants that are born preterm are mainly associated with high chances of mortality and getting health and development problems as they grow up. Complications associated include acute respiratory, gastrointestinal, immunologic, central nervous system problems, hearing, and vision defects,  longer-term motor, cognitive, visual, hearing, behavioral, social-emotional, health, and growth problems. The birth of a preterm infant can also bring considerable emotional and economic costs to families and have implications for public-sector services, such as health insurance, educational, and other social support systems.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Therefore, being able to predict preterm birth would eliminate those problems listed above. The fetal fibronectin test is also a non-invasive test that can be completed quickly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Disadvantages===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is no side effects in this test, rather the use of fFN test in routine clinical practice allows management and resources to be targeted more appropriately and may limit unnecessary interventions.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID16953860&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;16953860&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.ffntest.com/index.html Fetal Fibronectin Test Site]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glossary==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Amniotic cavity''' - innermost sac containing amniotic fluid that encloses the embryo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Antenatal''' - prenatal, before birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Asymptomatic''' - producing or showing no symptoms of a condition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cervical cerclage''' - stitching a malfunctioning (open) cervix  closed during pregnancy to prevent miscarriage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Corticosteroids''' - group of steroid hormones with metabolic functions and inflammatory treatment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Fornix''' - On both sides of the cervix the vagina bulges out into a pocket, which is called a fornix &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Gestation''' - process of the developing embryo, where the fetus is carried in the womb between conception and birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Immunosorbent''' - An antibody that is used to remove a specific antigen from a mixture; An antigen that is used to remove a specific antibody from a mixture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Monoclonal Antibody''' - an antibody produced by means of recombinant DNA technology to recognise one specific substance&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Multifetal''' - involves two or more fetuses in the womb during pregnancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Preeclampsia''' - is a medical condition where hypertension arises in pregnancy (pregnancy-induced hypertension) in association with significant amounts of protein in the urine&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Speculum''' - a medical instrument for dilating a bodily passage or cavity in order to examine the interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Symptomatic''' - involves producing symptoms of a condition. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Tocolysis''' - medications used to supress preterm labour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Uterine wall''' - the wall of the uterus in the female reproductive system, superior to the cervix.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Template:Projects10}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=2010_Group_Project_5&amp;diff=39789</id>
		<title>2010 Group Project 5</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=2010_Group_Project_5&amp;diff=39789"/>
		<updated>2010-10-06T12:32:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Current Research */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=Fetal Fibronectin=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Introduction==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:FetalFN.jpg|thumb|Fetal Fibronectin|320px|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Fetal Fibronectin (fFN) test measures the amount of secretions of fFN from a woman's vagina and cervix. This technique is used to determine the likelihood of a premature birth occurring. Fetal fibronectin is a protein based plasma that acts as a form of glue attaching the amniotic sac to the uterine wall. Fetal fibronectin is commonly present around the amniotic cavity between 22 to 35 weeks of pregnancy, but is released into the cervix and upper vagina toward the onset of labour. If the test finds fFN amongst the upper vagina, between this period, the woman will have a chance of going into early labour&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;2010 March of Dimes Foundation http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332_1149.asp&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Hence, if there is no fFN found, it is most likely that they woman will not going into pre-term labour. Therefore, this test allows the woman to see if they are at risk or not. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====About preterm births====&lt;br /&gt;
Preterm births refer to labour that occurs early than expected. Preterm labour occurs prior to 37 weeks of gestation, Signs include:&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;2010 March of Dimes Foundation http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332_1149.asp&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
- Contractions every 10 minutes or more &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Blood or clear, watery discharge from the vagina&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Low backache&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Heavy pelvic pressure&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many groups of women who are at risk of preterm labour. They include:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women who have had a history of preterm births&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women who are pregnant with twins or more&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women who have cervical or uterine abnormalities&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Obese or overweight women&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;20647282&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women associated with an illness or disease (diabetes, high blood pressure)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Smokers, alcoholics, drug users, stress and women who lack social support&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Risk Factors of a pre-term birth==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''A History of Pre-term births''': women with preceding pre-term births prior to 37 weeks have a 55% rate of a subsequent pre-term birth&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Meis PJ, Klebanoff M, Thom E, et al. Prevention of recurrent preterm delivery by 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2379-85.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Moreover, the incidence of a pre-term birth surmounts with every additional pre-term birth&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Adams MM, Elam-Evans LD, Wilson HG, Gilbertz DA. Rates of and factors associated with recurrence of preterm delivery. JAMA. 2000;283:1591-96.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Gestational age is another factor that heightens the risk of a subsequent preterm birth, i.e. as the gestational age of the prior pre-term birth decreases, the risk of a subsequent pre-term birth increases&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Mercer BM, Goldenberg RL, Moawad AH, et al. The preterm prediction study: effect of gestational age and cause of preterm birth on subsequent obstetric outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;181:1216-21.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Short cervix''': The Risk of a pre-term birth is manifested five-fold in the case of a woman with a cervical length of two centimetres as opposed to the expected four centimetres&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Iams JD, Goldenberg RL, Meis PJ, et al. The length of the cervix and the risk of spontaneous premature delivery. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(9):567-72.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Multifetal pregnancies''': Approximately 60% of multifetal births occur prior to the 37th week&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;.	Singer E, Pilpel S, Bsat F, et al. Accuracy of fetal fibronectin to predict preterm birth in twin gestations with symptoms of labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2007 May;109(5):1083-87&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Procedure of the Fetal Fibronectin Test==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fetal Fibronectin test involves a clinician placing a speculum into the vagina. A cotton swab is then used to collect a sample of the cervico-vaginal secretions in the cervical canal/posterior fornix. This sample is then sent to a Laboratory that analyses it, producing the results within 24 hours of the test. The necessity of the use of the speculum has been questioned in recent years. Studies have shown that the insertion of a finger to guide the cotton swab toward the posterior fornix of the vagina is just as effective as Adeza approved method. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;18355785&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:FFN_test2.jpg|thumb|Fetal Fibronectin Procedure Image|320px|centre]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Laboratory procedure===&lt;br /&gt;
The Laboratory test that is undertaken uses a specific monoclonal (FDC-6) antibody. The use of this antibody allows for rapid testing of the presence of fetal Fibronectin in the fFN assay. Prior to the use of this assay, ELIZA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay) was used but its inability to efficiently detect fetal Fibronectin saw it superseded by the current fFN assay. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This assay is:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•         '''Lateral flow'''; a type of Immunoassay that enables the test sample to exude along a solid substrate via capillary action. Another common example of this type of test is the take home pregnancy test&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•         '''Solid-phase Immunosorbent assay device'''; also known as reverse ELISA. This process involves an immunosorbent polystyrene rod which has distended ogives that have been sensitised to the fetal fibronectin specific reagent. The sensitised rod is then placed into the fetal fibronectin sample that is extracted from the patient. The ogives on the rod, which have now been exposed to the potential fetal fibronectin, undergo a series of washing, incubation in conjugate and incubation in chromogen (to develop the colour that will determine the partiality or impartiality of fetal fibronectin to the test and thus the premature presence of it in the cervix)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
•         '''Qualitative detection of fFN in cervico-vaginal specimens'''; the test concludes in either a positive or negative result.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Test Results==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Maintaining the quality of the sample===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The integrity of the test requires that the vagina and the cervix remain undisturbed. Such disruptions include:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	Physical examinations/digital vagina examinations such as a transvaginal ultrasound&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	Sexual intercourse within 24 hours of the test as Semen contains a degree of fibronectin which may lead to a false positive result. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Management of Preterm Labor. ACOG Practice Bulletin, number 43, May 2003 (reaffirmed 2008)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•       Preeclampsia &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;1536222&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, a False negative may occur if the Mother is suffering from Candida Albicans (yeast infection) as it binds with the Fetal Fibronectin. &amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt; Fetal Fibronectin; Lab Test online. http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/ffn/test.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===What do the test results mean?===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The results of the fetal Fibronectin test appear as a numeric figure that is either above or below a specified ng (of fetal fibronectin)/mL (of sample collected). If the Figure is below 50ng/mL the test result is negative; if it is greater than 50ng/mL the test result is positive &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;10739521&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''What does this mean?''  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With 95% accuracy a negative result predicts that labour is not going to occur within the following two weeks. A positive result, however, is an inconclusive result. Its main value is providing healthcare workers and the mother with the opportunity to negate for as long as possible the pre-term labour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===What`s following the positive results?===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From the perspective of infant health,preventions or treatments for fetal fibronection test positive woman can be divided into 3 types:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
a.Primary prevention - turning preterm birth to at term birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
b.Secondary Prevention - intervening before preterm birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
c.Tertiary Prevention - treatments for premature infants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However,the progress has mainly been made in the latter two preventions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The secondary prevention involves the regionalisation of perinatal and neonatal care which ,including matenal transport of impending preterm births and the use of antepartum steroid to speed up the maturation of postnatal lungs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tertiary prevention involves developments in neonatal intensive care such as ventilator management and surfactant treatment. It has had a substantial impact on infant mortality yet has less notably affected rates of long-term sequelae.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The secondary and tertiary prevention measures together have lowered gestational age-specific neonatal&lt;br /&gt;
mortality rates.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;PMC1508187&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The predicted results attained by the Fetal fibronectin test determine the actions of the mother and the health care workers within the next two week period. If the results are positive, some or all of the following actions will follow thereafter:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Tocolytic agents'''; these inhibit uterine contractions and delay subsequent birth by approximately 	4-5 days. They allow for substantial time to administer betamethasone, which is a glucocortocoid drug that sharply accelerates the rate of fetal lung maturity (usually reaching optimum load in 1-2days)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Tocolytic Agents - Protocols for Administration for Threatened&lt;br /&gt;
Preterm Labour. http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/policies/PD/2005/pdf/PD2005_249.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Progesterone'''; this is administered as it decreases the incidence of preterm births in mothers who have had previous pre-term births. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Effectiveness Of Progesterone In Reducing Preterm Births May Be Altered By Genetic Predisposition. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090130084153.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Corticosteroids'''; These also aid in fetal lung maturity.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Corticosteroids For Fetal Lung&lt;br /&gt;
Maturity. http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/PatientEd/Materials/PDFDocs/medicatn/gendrug/corticos-fetal.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Hospital transfer and bed rest'''; the mother may need to be transferred to a medical institution that has the facilities to deal with premature babies.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Targeted individuals==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists doesn’t recommend  pregnant women who have no symptoms and are not at high risk to be put to test, as the test hasn’t shown the accuracy predicting asymptomic woman.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Only 2 groups of pregnant woman would be recommended to put to test, which are the groups that have contractions or other symptoms of preterm labor in between  week 24th and 34th.The other group would be the group that are at high risk for preterm labor, such as women with prior preterm delivery, multifetal gestations, uterine abnormalities and cervical factors , but have no symptoms.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;7738935&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The test should only be used on those pregnant woman who are at high risk and show symptoms of preterm labor to help make a more accurate diagnosis. For example, women who have intact amniotic membranes, a cervix that has not dilated more than 3 cm, only slight vaginal bleeding, no cervical cerclage (a cervix that has been sewn shut during pregnancy to keep the baby in the uterus).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Assessment of Risk Factors for Preterm Birth. ACOG Practice Bulletin, number 31, October 2001 (reaffirmed 2008).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Current Research==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How does a preterm birth happen?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fFN(fetal fibronectin) remains relatively very low levels throughout the first 22 weeks of gestation. The  following dramatically increase of the concentration that reaches 50 ng/mL or over  from 22nd week onwards associates with the increase of the incidence of preterm labor before week 37th of gastation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Akush Ginekol (Sofiia). 2010;49(2):39-42. Bulgarian.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What is the indicator of a preterm birth?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to a study carried out in a teaching hospital, the presence of fetal fibronectin in the cervicovaginal secretions of  preterm birth symptomatic women indicates a significant risk for subsequent preterm birth while the absence of fetal fibronectin in this group of woman is a very strong indication that subsequent preterm birth is unlikely to occur.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID8688390&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;8688390&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How accurate is fetal fibrinectin in preterm birth prediction?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The findings are, the preterm birth (before 37 weeks of gestation) rate in the population studied was 19.1%. Fetal fibronectin predicted preterm birth with sensitivity of 63%, specificity of 95.6%, positive &lt;br /&gt;
predictive value of 77.3%, and negative predictive value of 91.6%. A negative test accurately excluded &lt;br /&gt;
(97.9%) the chance of subsequent birth during the three weeks interval following sampling.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID8688390 &amp;quot;/&amp;gt;A study with objective to determine the accuracy with which cervico-vaginal fetal fibronectin predicts preterm delivery using systematic quantitative overview of the available literature, concludes that fetal fibronectin test is the most accurate in predicting spontaneous preterm birth within 7 to 10 days after the test of symptomatic woman before advanced cervical dilatation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The accuracy of fFN varies in asymtomatic and symtomatic women.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A total of 26 876 women involved in the study and among asymptomatic women the best summary likelihood &lt;br /&gt;
ratio for positive results was 4.01, 95% confidence interval 2.93 to 5.49 for predicting birth before 34&lt;br /&gt;
weeks gestation, with corresponding summary likelihood ratio for negative results of 0.78. Among&lt;br /&gt;
symptomatic women the best summary likelihood ratio for positive results was 5.42 for predicting birth&lt;br /&gt;
within 7-10 days of testing, with corresponding ratio for negative results of 0.25.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What does the current research say about this test?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the test has been commonly used in labour and delivery units to help in the management of&lt;br /&gt;
preterm labour asymptomatic woman, yet it is not an official screening method to be used of pregnant &lt;br /&gt;
woman in general, as there is not sufficient evidence to recommend its use as a screening method. Fetal fibronectin test, if combined with clinical findings, has a potentially important role in clinical&lt;br /&gt;
management of women with symptoms suggestive of preterm labour.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID8688390 &amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Since this review found an association between knowledge of fFN results and a lower incidence of preterm&lt;br /&gt;
birth before 37 weeks, further research should be encouraged.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;18843732&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Significance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Advantages===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Infants that are born preterm are mainly associated with high chances of mortality and getting health and development problems as they grow up. Complications associated include acute respiratory, gastrointestinal, immunologic, central nervous system problems, hearing, and vision defects,  longer-term motor, cognitive, visual, hearing, behavioral, social-emotional, health, and growth problems. The birth of a preterm infant can also bring considerable emotional and economic costs to families and have implications for public-sector services, such as health insurance, educational, and other social support systems.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Therefore, being able to predict preterm birth would eliminate those problems listed above. The fetal fibronectin test is also a non-invasive test that can be completed quickly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Disadvantages===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is no side effects in this test, rather the use of fFN test in routine clinical practice allows management and resources to be targeted more appropriately and may limit unnecessary interventions.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID16953860&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;16953860&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.ffntest.com/index.html Fetal Fibronectin Test Site]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glossary==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Amniotic cavity''' - innermost sac containing amniotic fluid that encloses the embryo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Antenatal''' - prenatal, before birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Asymptomatic''' - producing or showing no symptoms of a condition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cervical cerclage''' - stitching a malfunctioning (open) cervix  closed during pregnancy to prevent miscarriage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Corticosteroids''' - group of steroid hormones with metabolic functions and inflammatory treatment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Fornix''' - On both sides of the cervix the vagina bulges out into a pocket, which is called a fornix &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Gestation''' - process of the developing embryo, where the fetus is carried in the womb between conception and birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Immunosorbent''' - An antibody that is used to remove a specific antigen from a mixture; An antigen that is used to remove a specific antibody from a mixture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Monoclonal Antibody''' - an antibody produced by means of recombinant DNA technology to recognise one specific substance&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Multifetal''' - involves two or more fetuses in the womb during pregnancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Preeclampsia''' - is a medical condition where hypertension arises in pregnancy (pregnancy-induced hypertension) in association with significant amounts of protein in the urine&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Speculum''' - a medical instrument for dilating a bodily passage or cavity in order to examine the interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Symptomatic''' - involves producing symptoms of a condition. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Tocolysis''' - medications used to supress preterm labour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Uterine wall''' - the wall of the uterus in the female reproductive system, superior to the cervix.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Template:Projects10}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=2010_Group_Project_5&amp;diff=39787</id>
		<title>2010 Group Project 5</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=2010_Group_Project_5&amp;diff=39787"/>
		<updated>2010-10-06T12:31:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Current Research */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=Fetal Fibronectin=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Introduction==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:FetalFN.jpg|thumb|Fetal Fibronectin|320px|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Fetal Fibronectin (fFN) test measures the amount of secretions of fFN from a woman's vagina and cervix. This technique is used to determine the likelihood of a premature birth occurring. Fetal fibronectin is a protein based plasma that acts as a form of glue attaching the amniotic sac to the uterine wall. Fetal fibronectin is commonly present around the amniotic cavity between 22 to 35 weeks of pregnancy, but is released into the cervix and upper vagina toward the onset of labour. If the test finds fFN amongst the upper vagina, between this period, the woman will have a chance of going into early labour&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;2010 March of Dimes Foundation http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332_1149.asp&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Hence, if there is no fFN found, it is most likely that they woman will not going into pre-term labour. Therefore, this test allows the woman to see if they are at risk or not. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====About preterm births====&lt;br /&gt;
Preterm births refer to labour that occurs early than expected. Preterm labour occurs prior to 37 weeks of gestation, Signs include:&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;2010 March of Dimes Foundation http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332_1149.asp&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
- Contractions every 10 minutes or more &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Blood or clear, watery discharge from the vagina&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Low backache&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Heavy pelvic pressure&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many groups of women who are at risk of preterm labour. They include:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women who have had a history of preterm births&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women who are pregnant with twins or more&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women who have cervical or uterine abnormalities&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Obese or overweight women&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;20647282&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women associated with an illness or disease (diabetes, high blood pressure)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Smokers, alcoholics, drug users, stress and women who lack social support&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Risk Factors of a pre-term birth==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''A History of Pre-term births''': women with preceding pre-term births prior to 37 weeks have a 55% rate of a subsequent pre-term birth&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Meis PJ, Klebanoff M, Thom E, et al. Prevention of recurrent preterm delivery by 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2379-85.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Moreover, the incidence of a pre-term birth surmounts with every additional pre-term birth&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Adams MM, Elam-Evans LD, Wilson HG, Gilbertz DA. Rates of and factors associated with recurrence of preterm delivery. JAMA. 2000;283:1591-96.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Gestational age is another factor that heightens the risk of a subsequent preterm birth, i.e. as the gestational age of the prior pre-term birth decreases, the risk of a subsequent pre-term birth increases&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Mercer BM, Goldenberg RL, Moawad AH, et al. The preterm prediction study: effect of gestational age and cause of preterm birth on subsequent obstetric outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;181:1216-21.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Short cervix''': The Risk of a pre-term birth is manifested five-fold in the case of a woman with a cervical length of two centimetres as opposed to the expected four centimetres&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Iams JD, Goldenberg RL, Meis PJ, et al. The length of the cervix and the risk of spontaneous premature delivery. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(9):567-72.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Multifetal pregnancies''': Approximately 60% of multifetal births occur prior to the 37th week&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;.	Singer E, Pilpel S, Bsat F, et al. Accuracy of fetal fibronectin to predict preterm birth in twin gestations with symptoms of labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2007 May;109(5):1083-87&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Procedure of the Fetal Fibronectin Test==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fetal Fibronectin test involves a clinician placing a speculum into the vagina. A cotton swab is then used to collect a sample of the cervico-vaginal secretions in the cervical canal/posterior fornix. This sample is then sent to a Laboratory that analyses it, producing the results within 24 hours of the test. The necessity of the use of the speculum has been questioned in recent years. Studies have shown that the insertion of a finger to guide the cotton swab toward the posterior fornix of the vagina is just as effective as Adeza approved method. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;18355785&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:FFN_test2.jpg|thumb|Fetal Fibronectin Procedure Image|320px|centre]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Laboratory procedure===&lt;br /&gt;
The Laboratory test that is undertaken uses a specific monoclonal (FDC-6) antibody. The use of this antibody allows for rapid testing of the presence of fetal Fibronectin in the fFN assay. Prior to the use of this assay, ELIZA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay) was used but its inability to efficiently detect fetal Fibronectin saw it superseded by the current fFN assay. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This assay is:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•         '''Lateral flow'''; a type of Immunoassay that enables the test sample to exude along a solid substrate via capillary action. Another common example of this type of test is the take home pregnancy test&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•         '''Solid-phase Immunosorbent assay device'''; also known as reverse ELISA. This process involves an immunosorbent polystyrene rod which has distended ogives that have been sensitised to the fetal fibronectin specific reagent. The sensitised rod is then placed into the fetal fibronectin sample that is extracted from the patient. The ogives on the rod, which have now been exposed to the potential fetal fibronectin, undergo a series of washing, incubation in conjugate and incubation in chromogen (to develop the colour that will determine the partiality or impartiality of fetal fibronectin to the test and thus the premature presence of it in the cervix)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
•         '''Qualitative detection of fFN in cervico-vaginal specimens'''; the test concludes in either a positive or negative result.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Test Results==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Maintaining the quality of the sample===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The integrity of the test requires that the vagina and the cervix remain undisturbed. Such disruptions include:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	Physical examinations/digital vagina examinations such as a transvaginal ultrasound&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	Sexual intercourse within 24 hours of the test as Semen contains a degree of fibronectin which may lead to a false positive result. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Management of Preterm Labor. ACOG Practice Bulletin, number 43, May 2003 (reaffirmed 2008)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•       Preeclampsia &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;1536222&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, a False negative may occur if the Mother is suffering from Candida Albicans (yeast infection) as it binds with the Fetal Fibronectin. &amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt; Fetal Fibronectin; Lab Test online. http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/ffn/test.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===What do the test results mean?===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The results of the fetal Fibronectin test appear as a numeric figure that is either above or below a specified ng (of fetal fibronectin)/mL (of sample collected). If the Figure is below 50ng/mL the test result is negative; if it is greater than 50ng/mL the test result is positive &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;10739521&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''What does this mean?''  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With 95% accuracy a negative result predicts that labour is not going to occur within the following two weeks. A positive result, however, is an inconclusive result. Its main value is providing healthcare workers and the mother with the opportunity to negate for as long as possible the pre-term labour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===What`s following the positive results?===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From the perspective of infant health,preventions or treatments for fetal fibronection test positive woman can be divided into 3 types:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
a.Primary prevention - turning preterm birth to at term birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
b.Secondary Prevention - intervening before preterm birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
c.Tertiary Prevention - treatments for premature infants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However,the progress has mainly been made in the latter two preventions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The secondary prevention involves the regionalisation of perinatal and neonatal care which ,including matenal transport of impending preterm births and the use of antepartum steroid to speed up the maturation of postnatal lungs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tertiary prevention involves developments in neonatal intensive care such as ventilator management and surfactant treatment. It has had a substantial impact on infant mortality yet has less notably affected rates of long-term sequelae.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The secondary and tertiary prevention measures together have lowered gestational age-specific neonatal&lt;br /&gt;
mortality rates.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;PMC1508187&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The predicted results attained by the Fetal fibronectin test determine the actions of the mother and the health care workers within the next two week period. If the results are positive, some or all of the following actions will follow thereafter:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Tocolytic agents'''; these inhibit uterine contractions and delay subsequent birth by approximately 	4-5 days. They allow for substantial time to administer betamethasone, which is a glucocortocoid drug that sharply accelerates the rate of fetal lung maturity (usually reaching optimum load in 1-2days)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Tocolytic Agents - Protocols for Administration for Threatened&lt;br /&gt;
Preterm Labour. http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/policies/PD/2005/pdf/PD2005_249.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Progesterone'''; this is administered as it decreases the incidence of preterm births in mothers who have had previous pre-term births. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Effectiveness Of Progesterone In Reducing Preterm Births May Be Altered By Genetic Predisposition. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090130084153.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Corticosteroids'''; These also aid in fetal lung maturity.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Corticosteroids For Fetal Lung&lt;br /&gt;
Maturity. http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/PatientEd/Materials/PDFDocs/medicatn/gendrug/corticos-fetal.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Hospital transfer and bed rest'''; the mother may need to be transferred to a medical institution that has the facilities to deal with premature babies.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Targeted individuals==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists doesn’t recommend  pregnant women who have no symptoms and are not at high risk to be put to test, as the test hasn’t shown the accuracy predicting asymptomic woman.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Only 2 groups of pregnant woman would be recommended to put to test, which are the groups that have contractions or other symptoms of preterm labor in between  week 24th and 34th.The other group would be the group that are at high risk for preterm labor, such as women with prior preterm delivery, multifetal gestations, uterine abnormalities and cervical factors , but have no symptoms.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;7738935&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The test should only be used on those pregnant woman who are at high risk and show symptoms of preterm labor to help make a more accurate diagnosis. For example, women who have intact amniotic membranes, a cervix that has not dilated more than 3 cm, only slight vaginal bleeding, no cervical cerclage (a cervix that has been sewn shut during pregnancy to keep the baby in the uterus).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Assessment of Risk Factors for Preterm Birth. ACOG Practice Bulletin, number 31, October 2001 (reaffirmed 2008).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Current Research==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How does a preterm birth happen?&lt;br /&gt;
The fFN(fetal fibronectin) remains relatively very low levels throughout the first 22 weeks of gestation. The  following dramatically increase of the concentration that reaches 50 ng/mL or over  from 22nd week onwards associates with the increase of the incidence of preterm labor before week 37th of gastation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Akush Ginekol (Sofiia). 2010;49(2):39-42. Bulgarian.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What is the indicator of a preterm birth?&lt;br /&gt;
According to a study carried out in a teaching hospital, the presence of fetal fibronectin in the cervicovaginal secretions of  preterm birth symptomatic women indicates a significant risk for subsequent preterm birth while the absence of fetal fibronectin in this group of woman is a very strong indication that subsequent preterm birth is unlikely to occur.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID8688390&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;8688390&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How accurate is fetal fibrinectin in preterm birth prediction?&lt;br /&gt;
The findings are, the preterm birth (before 37 weeks of gestation) rate in the population studied was 19.1%. Fetal fibronectin predicted preterm birth with sensitivity of 63%, specificity of 95.6%, positive &lt;br /&gt;
predictive value of 77.3%, and negative predictive value of 91.6%. A negative test accurately excluded &lt;br /&gt;
(97.9%) the chance of subsequent birth during the three weeks interval following sampling.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID8688390 &amp;quot;/&amp;gt;A study with objective to determine the accuracy with which cervico-vaginal fetal fibronectin predicts preterm delivery using systematic quantitative overview of the available literature, concludes that fetal fibronectin test is the most accurate in predicting spontaneous preterm birth within 7 to 10 days after the test of symptomatic woman before advanced cervical dilatation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The accuracy of fFN varies in asymtomatic and symtomatic women.&lt;br /&gt;
A total of 26 876 women involved in the study and among asymptomatic women the best summary likelihood &lt;br /&gt;
ratio for positive results was 4.01, 95% confidence interval 2.93 to 5.49 for predicting birth before 34&lt;br /&gt;
weeks gestation, with corresponding summary likelihood ratio for negative results of 0.78. Among&lt;br /&gt;
symptomatic women the best summary likelihood ratio for positive results was 5.42 for predicting birth&lt;br /&gt;
within 7-10 days of testing, with corresponding ratio for negative results of 0.25.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What does the current research say about this test?&lt;br /&gt;
Although the test has been commonly used in labour and delivery units to help in the management of&lt;br /&gt;
preterm labour asymptomatic woman, yet it is not an official screening method to be used of pregnant &lt;br /&gt;
woman in general, as there is not sufficient evidence to recommend its use as a screening method. Fetal fibronectin test, if combined with clinical findings, has a potentially important role in clinical&lt;br /&gt;
management of women with symptoms suggestive of preterm labour.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID8688390 &amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Since this review found an association between knowledge of fFN results and a lower incidence of preterm&lt;br /&gt;
birth before 37 weeks, further research should be encouraged.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;18843732&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Significance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Advantages===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Infants that are born preterm are mainly associated with high chances of mortality and getting health and development problems as they grow up. Complications associated include acute respiratory, gastrointestinal, immunologic, central nervous system problems, hearing, and vision defects,  longer-term motor, cognitive, visual, hearing, behavioral, social-emotional, health, and growth problems. The birth of a preterm infant can also bring considerable emotional and economic costs to families and have implications for public-sector services, such as health insurance, educational, and other social support systems.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Therefore, being able to predict preterm birth would eliminate those problems listed above. The fetal fibronectin test is also a non-invasive test that can be completed quickly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Disadvantages===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is no side effects in this test, rather the use of fFN test in routine clinical practice allows management and resources to be targeted more appropriately and may limit unnecessary interventions.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID16953860&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;16953860&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.ffntest.com/index.html Fetal Fibronectin Test Site]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glossary==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Amniotic cavity''' - innermost sac containing amniotic fluid that encloses the embryo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Antenatal''' - prenatal, before birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Asymptomatic''' - producing or showing no symptoms of a condition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cervical cerclage''' - stitching a malfunctioning (open) cervix  closed during pregnancy to prevent miscarriage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Corticosteroids''' - group of steroid hormones with metabolic functions and inflammatory treatment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Fornix''' - On both sides of the cervix the vagina bulges out into a pocket, which is called a fornix &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Gestation''' - process of the developing embryo, where the fetus is carried in the womb between conception and birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Immunosorbent''' - An antibody that is used to remove a specific antigen from a mixture; An antigen that is used to remove a specific antibody from a mixture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Monoclonal Antibody''' - an antibody produced by means of recombinant DNA technology to recognise one specific substance&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Multifetal''' - involves two or more fetuses in the womb during pregnancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Preeclampsia''' - is a medical condition where hypertension arises in pregnancy (pregnancy-induced hypertension) in association with significant amounts of protein in the urine&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Speculum''' - a medical instrument for dilating a bodily passage or cavity in order to examine the interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Symptomatic''' - involves producing symptoms of a condition. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Tocolysis''' - medications used to supress preterm labour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Uterine wall''' - the wall of the uterus in the female reproductive system, superior to the cervix.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Template:Projects10}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Talk:2010_Group_Project_5&amp;diff=39780</id>
		<title>Talk:2010 Group Project 5</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Talk:2010_Group_Project_5&amp;diff=39780"/>
		<updated>2010-10-06T12:14:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Improvements */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;Hey, i know im not supposed to be helping rival groups (hehe) but i was just having a general look through all the pages, and i noticed your new picture (which is awesome by the way). i thought i would let you know that the cervical canal is labeled in the wrong spot :/ hope you have time to fix it. kind regards - --[[User:Z3265772|z3265772]] 04:57, 6 October 2010 (UTC) also, if you decide to fix it, at the same time you might want to change the label speculum to cotton swab (or something similar), and if you dont want to change it, you might want to delete this post so mark doesnt read it :P hehe&lt;br /&gt;
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THanks!  --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 10:08, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi Guys! I was just wondering if i could please get your permission to use your student drawn diagram, if you see our [[2010_Group_Project_2|page]] im making a table with all our diagrams in it, and, of course, i need your permission to use it :) Thanks! Jill - group 2 --[[User:Z3265772|z3265772]] 02:54, 23 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Peer review==&lt;br /&gt;
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Group 5: I found your page to be very concise and to the point and your information seems to cover all concepts without rambling on. This is a good thing because it makes reading the text straightforward and simpler to understand but at the same time i think you could still have used with some background information, perhaps in a history section, and maybe even a discussion about limitations. More pictures would also greatly improve not only the look of your page but also compliment the information and engage your reader. In terms of structure, i think that improvements could be made here to allow the information to flow better. Perhaps the 'preventions' section could be merged with &amp;quot;what next?' because the content is related so it would be natural progression and even put into a table to aid understanding? But overall its looking good and the research is evident. good job&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3293029|z3293029]] 21:59, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Group 5 - in terms of content, it is informative. Well done. In terms of the page aesthetics, images of fetal fibronectin itself would be useful at the start, and images especially in the Procedure section. The information is there however the use of images throughout the page and tabulating some of your information would make it more engaging and easier to understand. Remember to add a Historical background on the procedure even if it's short seeing as it is still a relatively 'new' procedure. The current research section could be rephrased more to fit into the flow of your page as a whole. Judging by the last sentence, it seems as though it has been put together by simply copy and pasting snippets from different journals. It would be more beneficial if the information given in the journals was analysed, interpreted and then presented while still referencing. This goes for the procedure also. Try to find information, understand it yourself and then 'explain' it to your audience. You will find that the page will be more cohesive as a result. Another point would be to expand the subheadings so that they clearly identify the subject matter being covered under that section as at the moment they are quite vague. Some points which could also be addressed: future of the procedure? The glossary could also be expanded. Good effort. --z3241780 14:14, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
'''GROUP 5: Fetal Fibronectin'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Group 5 the first thing I have to say about your project page that I think will really help you guy out is that you need put more pictures. If I’m not mistaken the hand drawn picture at the very top is the only picture on the whole page. Pictures help captivate the audience and makes your intended audience want to read on to find out or relate the picture to the information present. They also help break up the page and allow the reader some processing time while reading the information of Fetal fibronectin. The Information you have presented is pretty much flawless being the perfect amount of scientific language, by this I mean that your assignment is assessable for pretty much anyone but more importantly the information was informative. The Dot points you have used many of the section also help us understand the project better. Last but not least you have missed out on history of the pre-natal diagnostic technique which Mark Hill said was part of his marking scheme, and after reading what other people have posted on your discussion page I notice that I’m not the only one to make this comment. Apart from that nice work!!!!&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3252635|z3252635]] 13:23, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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You have a nice and simple page, concise and to the point. Nice drawn image at the beginning of the page to draw attention I thought it was very well done. I found that the current research was good, showed some good effort with good references to backup your info about the case studies and statistics. Ways that could be improved is the use of images, so people could understand the topic better, and some tables may help to make the information more interesting. I guess more detail and elaborate more on the history. Also i wasn't sure if there were any risks involved and how common this test is done. References were good, with a nice glossary. nice effort!&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3224500|z3224500]] 13:12, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Good content, needs a bit of colour and dynamics,,pictures, to engage the viewer,&lt;br /&gt;
The explanation of the results that can be obtained is succinct and to the point, it is a good section. There a few typos about, I was interseted in how accurate the test was for predicting pre term births and this was dealt with well in clinical research section. This had good scientific content. A table summarising your projects views on the validity of conducting this procedure, may reinforce the topic as, as you have explained in sentences, that it is a pretty crucial diagnostic tool. With a few little things like that this is a good web page.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3129413]] 17:12, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Simple, good organisation and what I like about it is that they referenced a lot of their text to backup their information which i thought was very scientific. The drawn picture was nice, but overall the page needed more images and pictures to understand the topic better. A table may have been a good choice to convey some information to make it more interesting, but it is still simple so not a very big deal there. So overall, more images, and I think more longer information under some headings would provide more extensive knowledge on the topic. References are very good, with an alright glossary. &lt;br /&gt;
Hi guys!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I’m guessing that the fetal fibronectin diagram at the top of the page is your student drawn diagram. Nice job on it. You might want to more clearly indicate that it is student drawn, though, and you should probably include the copyright statement. Also, you might want to think about adding some more pictures to your page to break up the text a little bit and make the page more eye-catching and easy to look at. I have to say that I really liked the way that you’ve set out the section on the test results. It was very easy to read. If I had another suggestion, it would be to move your glossary up to before the references – I almost didn’t notice you had a glossary hidden there. If someone wasn’t really looking, they might not spot it. Other than that, nice job!--[[User:Z3252833|z3252833]] 12:45, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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--Group 4 Fetal Fibronectin &lt;br /&gt;
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Although this page had not as much detail put into it compared to previous pages, I found it much easier to read and absorb information. We must take into account that they have used a variety of sources so I am speculating that this is the more important information after researching this topic. So taking this into account I believe that this page is informative on the topic using a variety of sources, but hasn’t gone too in depth. The only advice I can give is to add some pictures or diagrams, even reproduce the information in a table to make it more interesting. Thanks guys you have done a great job.   &lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3290040|3290040]] 10:19, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Group 5&lt;br /&gt;
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Group 5, the set out of your page is really good, its broken up into sections and there's lots of point form throughout which makes it really clear and easy to understand, except for current research. &lt;br /&gt;
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What could be improved: More pictures would help break it up and make it more interesting, maybe a picture of the actual procedure would be good. Some more detail could be added to give it a more scientific aspect like for example in the procedure section, and maybe a section on the historic background, I think thats part of the marking criteria. Overall i think you've done a great job but just maybe add some more detail to give it a more scientific feel.&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3292208|z3292208]] 08:21, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Fetal Fibronectin&lt;br /&gt;
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Hey guys good work with this assignment. The first thing I notice was there are not as many pictures as there are in other pages. However, what was there was relevant and easily readable.I think some more detail could be given in a few sections would help convey a more technical side of this subject matter. &lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3254753|z3254753]] 17:20, 21 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Group 5 = I really like how all the parts are broken down into points which made it easy to follow except for the &amp;quot;current research&amp;quot; . It is very structured and the picture looks great.&lt;br /&gt;
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What could be improved is adding more pictures and break down the current research into bullet points but other than that its great --[[User:Z3305561|Navneet Ahuja]] 12:26, 21 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Group 5: Foetal fibronectin &lt;br /&gt;
What I found good about this assignment was that all the information was presented in a clear and organized manner, and did appear to have a teaching element to the project. There was a great amount of research and referencing done although it did lack a bit of a “scientific feel”.&lt;br /&gt;
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What could be improved?&lt;br /&gt;
Some extra pictures or tables could be added and also the glossary could probably be placed above the references so that it is easier to refer to it instead of having to scroll all the way down. &lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3254433|z3254433]] 07:20, 20 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi Group 5, I liked the fact that everything is referenced, it made me feel like you have really researched what you are putting on here. Your page is very informative and i learnt alot about fetal fibronectin. i liked your student drawn diagram!&lt;br /&gt;
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improvements: definitely extra pictures. If you cant find any that you can use, start emailing the companies, this is how i got most of our permissions, as i couldnt find any with permissions. as a last resort try wiki, all of their pictures arent copyright protected. Also, probably best to go through the criteria for the page, youve missed the history altogether. Here it is for you:&lt;br /&gt;
project outline:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Intro&lt;br /&gt;
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2. historic background&lt;br /&gt;
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3. current associated research&lt;br /&gt;
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4. simplified description of technique&lt;br /&gt;
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5. student drawn figure or animation&lt;br /&gt;
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6. reference list&lt;br /&gt;
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7. glossary&lt;br /&gt;
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8. external links &lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3265772|z3265772]] 03:46, 21 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Reading through the information is quite easy, the headings and sub-headings makes it very clear to follow. Having questions as sub-headings makes it very user friendly to read and understand the fetal fibronectin test. However the history and development of the test is lacking. Also is the test specific for pre-mature birth detection only? please specify. The introduction also is a bit confusing where it say &amp;quot;Fetal fibronectin is a protein based plasma that acts as a form of glue attaching the amniotic sac to the uterine wall. Fetal fibronectin is commonly present between 22 to 35 weeks of pregnancy. It is released into the upper vagina towards the onset of labour. If the test finds fFN between this period, the woman will have a chance of going into labour&amp;quot; - what period are u talking about? when I read it, it seems to be prefering to 22-35 weeks of pregnancy as it state before, but it was mention that it was commonly to find fFN during that time, does that mean that it is common for women to have pre-mature births?&lt;br /&gt;
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What could be improve would be providing a brief history of this test and fix up the introduction so it won't be confusing to the reader.&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3216889|3216889]] 13:53, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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----&lt;br /&gt;
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{{Template:Projects10MHtalk}}&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:S8600021|Mark Hill]] 00:55, 31 August 2010 (UTC) There is no content on your project page and you are not making appropriate progress. I expect you all at this weeks lab and an explanation as to why no one is adding content to your project page.&lt;br /&gt;
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===You need to have this updated before this weeks lab when I will be reviewing all projects.===&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:S8600021|Mark Hill]] 04:44, 23 August 2010 (UTC) This is no where not good enough, I will need to talk to you in this weeks lab. Your group has not searched the scientific literature, found information about fibronectin or related images. Unless everyone here gets going on this project you will not be completed in time.&lt;br /&gt;
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Dez--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 09:10, 9 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi,members,i have split the work up to 3 different constituent parts and each of us will get to pick 1&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
and do it.In addition,i have also roughly split the work up to 3 stages, which is:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
a)collecting the information from different sources,&lt;br /&gt;
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b)grouping the information,and&lt;br /&gt;
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c)put what we get on group page.&lt;br /&gt;
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Note:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-you just need to put your name next to the capitalised heading,(e.g PART C-Dez)to indicate you are up to that part.&lt;br /&gt;
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-PART C is picked by me, so,options left are PART A and B only.&lt;br /&gt;
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-You can always add in additional info, but i think it`s better we discuss it first when we figure or find it out(the ones you cant decide if they`re your part),so that we can discussion whose part it belongs to and who should do it, to kinda maintain the flow of the content.&lt;br /&gt;
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-i`m aware that PART B is relatively short,i was outta ideas.Well, the point of PART B i make it mainly emphasizes on info related to how this test is carried out and 3rd party`s voices on this test.&lt;br /&gt;
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The 3 different parts that i have split up are as following:&lt;br /&gt;
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PART A - Jade&lt;br /&gt;
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Introduction:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-what does this technique rely on?(fibronectin)&lt;br /&gt;
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-Stuff about fn ,fibronectin,like the time or stage it forms during pregnancy.&lt;br /&gt;
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-what does  fn do in mom`s tummy during pregnancy.&lt;br /&gt;
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-what kind of other abnormalities can this test predict? (mainly used for the prediction of preterm birth as far as i know)&lt;br /&gt;
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-signs and events of preterm birth in mom`s tummy if there`s a high possibility the mom`s having a &lt;br /&gt;
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preterm birth,like,cervix dilation , fn leaks outta vagina,etc.&lt;br /&gt;
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-the relationship of fn and prediction of preterm birth.&lt;br /&gt;
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(like comparison of fn between pregnant woman who are not at risk of preterm birth and those who are,etc)&lt;br /&gt;
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PART B-Mary&lt;br /&gt;
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-how does the test work? like,steps and procedures involve.&lt;br /&gt;
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3rd party`s voices:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-what do the public doctors , pregnant woman say about this technique?-interview  thing, vids( how this&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
test is carried out)&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
-related images.&lt;br /&gt;
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PART C-Dez&lt;br /&gt;
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-who should take the test?&lt;br /&gt;
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-What will the results tell about risk of delivering early?&lt;br /&gt;
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-diagnostic accuracy.&lt;br /&gt;
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-side effects.&lt;br /&gt;
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-advantages of knowing the prediction.&lt;br /&gt;
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-treatments for those who tested with positive result.&lt;br /&gt;
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One last thing,&lt;br /&gt;
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i think our primary source would be pubmed,of course there`re others too, but then the info isnt as&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
extensive and specific as pubmed,so go to it,look for the related journals and extract only details that&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
you need.&lt;br /&gt;
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It`d be great if we could find more images and videos related to the info we get,by doing so,we could&lt;br /&gt;
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make the page less lengthy and readers understand it better.&lt;br /&gt;
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Looking forward to your comments,because i could be wrong.&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3291079|z3291079]] 12:21, 16 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
We should probably add something about the history of fetal f. Fit it in with part B?&lt;br /&gt;
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heey , sorry for the late reply.Yea, it fits in with part B , sounds reasonable.&lt;br /&gt;
Do you have any idea what it could be? and post some links on here , if you have some with you.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:57, 19 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hey guys I found a really good article about that defines what fetal fibronectin is and how it is used to determine preterm labour. I Don't know if I can copy paste because of the copyright and I forgot how to make a link so the website is http://www.ranzcog.edu.au/publications/statements/C-obs26.pdf , It's got bits and pieces of everyones parts if You guys want to look through it and pick out what would be of help to you. Also I found a video. It's that doctor that goes onto the Dr Phil show but it's pretty good. It was one of few that I could find soo look at it and tell me what you think. Its website is http://www.5min.com/Video/Learn-about-Fetal-Fibronectin-Test-114223707. If you can find any videos just post them up because I don't think there are many around. Also I've found articles that question the tests ability to undermine the occurrence of the pre-term birth. I don't know if this is significant enough to add in as we are essentially talking about it's role in identifying whether or not the mother is going to have a pre-term birth or not instead of whether the doctor can stop it. Tell me what you think. should I add it in or not? You can find the article at http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Abstract/1996/05000/The_Preterm_Prediction_Study__Fetal_Fibronectin.1.aspx. --[[User:Z3252083|Mary Nicolas]] 10:09, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I think it is significant enough as it is an issue around this technique.I`d say add it in.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 07:12, 19 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yeah add this in cos you can say how it is a good technique but is not the best etc., etc. This could cover the topic of the reliability of this technique which we can look through. Some additional info i guess. --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 03:02, 24 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Mary, you have one more part to do , which is the history of fetal fibronectin.( Like what inspired the Doc came up with this technique and is this technique a modified version of some technique, and of course it`d be great if you could find stuff like when the first time this technique was put to use, how was it and talk a little bit about the following tests,and important people involved.)&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:57, 19 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hey guys, I've found an article that is a good reference describing the test...it's a good outline of what we need to know. I've found a site about fFN that may help, nothing major though. it also has a few references of articles on there that we could research.  I'm going to post the subheadings up on the main page of what i think, let me know what you think but you guys can go ahead and change it :) - Jade&lt;br /&gt;
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http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332_1149.asp&lt;br /&gt;
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2582650/?tool=pubmed  --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 03:18, 24 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Oh and if we can find anything about further research about fFN, about improving it or something then we should add that in --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 03:33, 24 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I will do a drawing of fetal fibronectin in the womb, there's a great picture on the video that mary posted, so i will use that as a guide --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 11:17, 1 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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http://www.southernhealth.org.au/icms_docs/1197_Fetal_fibronectin_Quikcheck_in_threatened_peterm_labour.pdf    Just some more info to help --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 13:55, 1 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hey guys, kinda getting worried, we should really get a move on with this assignment lol. I'm going to draw a picture today and put it up. And hopefully finish my part of this assignment. Any feedback? --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 00:16, 7 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Another helpful site guys - http://www.ffntest.com/index.html --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 02:13, 8 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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hey guys don't worry about me I'm doing my work I just want to do it all before I put it up. The test results and procedure have been really easy to put together but the history is quite difficult as there is not demarcating date or person that used it first up... if that makes sense. I'll do it but I dont think I'm going to come up with a timeline like some of the other groups. --[[User:Z3252083|Mary Nicolas]] 04:06, 13 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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@Mary:it`s alright ,Mary.Put up what you think is makes sense,we can then discuss on it and edit in the remaining days.&lt;br /&gt;
@Jade:i realise you didn`t reference your work.So, i reckon you reference your work as soon as you can.--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 10:27, 13 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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We also need more images. It's hard to find non-copyrighted pictures for fFN. i'll draw another picture if really needed. --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 12:38, 13 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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===Improvements===&lt;br /&gt;
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Include a table on the deformities that result from pre-term births&lt;br /&gt;
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History; refer back to the outline - I'm finding it extremely hard to find stuff about the history ay--[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 11:49, 5 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Pictures&lt;br /&gt;
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Images for the Procedure - I added another drawing for the procedure --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 11:49, 5 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Glossary above the references - DONE --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 11:49, 5 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Make Introduction clearer - DONE --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 11:49, 5 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Break up Current research into dot points&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3252083|Mary Nicolas]] 00:25, 23 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;preventions&amp;quot; section could be merged with &amp;quot;what next&amp;quot; -DONE --[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 12:08, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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How common the test is done- look it up under the heading &amp;quot;targeted individuals--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 12:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The risks of this test-look it up under the heading &amp;quot;disadvantages&amp;quot;--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 12:14, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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''So we don't forget; '''the project guidelines'''''.&lt;br /&gt;
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1. The key points relating to the topic that your group allocated are clearly described.&lt;br /&gt;
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2. The choice of content, headings and sub-headings, diagrams, tables, graphs show a good understanding of the topic area.&lt;br /&gt;
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3. Content is correctly cited and referenced.&lt;br /&gt;
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4. The wiki has an element of teaching at a peer level using the student's own innovative diagrams, tables or figures and/or using interesting examples or explanations.&lt;br /&gt;
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5. Evidence of significant research relating to basic and applied sciences that goes beyond the formal teaching activities.&lt;br /&gt;
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6. Relates the topic and content of the Wiki entry to learning aims of embryology.&lt;br /&gt;
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7. Clearly reflects on editing/feedback from group peers and articulates how the Wiki could be improved (or not) based on peer comments/feedback. Demonstrates an ability to review own work when criticised in an open edited wiki format. Reflects on what was learned from the process of editing a peer's wiki.&lt;br /&gt;
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8. Evaluates own performance and that of group peers to give a rounded summary of this wiki process in terms of group effort and achievement.&lt;br /&gt;
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9. The content of the wiki should demonstrate to the reader that your group has researched adequately on this topic and covered the key areas necessary to inform your peers in their learning.&lt;br /&gt;
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10. Develops and edits the wiki entries in accordance with the above guidelines. --[[User:Z3252083|Mary Nicolas]] 00:49, 23 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi Guys! I was just wondering if i could please get your permission to use your student drawn diagram, if you see our [[2010_Group_Project_2|page]] im making a table with all our diagrams in it, and, of course, i need your permission to use it :) Thanks! Jill - group 2 --[[User:Z3265772|z3265772]] 02:55, 23 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Talk:2010_Group_Project_5&amp;diff=39775</id>
		<title>Talk:2010 Group Project 5</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Talk:2010_Group_Project_5&amp;diff=39775"/>
		<updated>2010-10-06T12:08:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Improvements */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;Hey, i know im not supposed to be helping rival groups (hehe) but i was just having a general look through all the pages, and i noticed your new picture (which is awesome by the way). i thought i would let you know that the cervical canal is labeled in the wrong spot :/ hope you have time to fix it. kind regards - --[[User:Z3265772|z3265772]] 04:57, 6 October 2010 (UTC) also, if you decide to fix it, at the same time you might want to change the label speculum to cotton swab (or something similar), and if you dont want to change it, you might want to delete this post so mark doesnt read it :P hehe&lt;br /&gt;
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THanks!  --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 10:08, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi Guys! I was just wondering if i could please get your permission to use your student drawn diagram, if you see our [[2010_Group_Project_2|page]] im making a table with all our diagrams in it, and, of course, i need your permission to use it :) Thanks! Jill - group 2 --[[User:Z3265772|z3265772]] 02:54, 23 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Peer review==&lt;br /&gt;
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Group 5: I found your page to be very concise and to the point and your information seems to cover all concepts without rambling on. This is a good thing because it makes reading the text straightforward and simpler to understand but at the same time i think you could still have used with some background information, perhaps in a history section, and maybe even a discussion about limitations. More pictures would also greatly improve not only the look of your page but also compliment the information and engage your reader. In terms of structure, i think that improvements could be made here to allow the information to flow better. Perhaps the 'preventions' section could be merged with &amp;quot;what next?' because the content is related so it would be natural progression and even put into a table to aid understanding? But overall its looking good and the research is evident. good job&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3293029|z3293029]] 21:59, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Group 5 - in terms of content, it is informative. Well done. In terms of the page aesthetics, images of fetal fibronectin itself would be useful at the start, and images especially in the Procedure section. The information is there however the use of images throughout the page and tabulating some of your information would make it more engaging and easier to understand. Remember to add a Historical background on the procedure even if it's short seeing as it is still a relatively 'new' procedure. The current research section could be rephrased more to fit into the flow of your page as a whole. Judging by the last sentence, it seems as though it has been put together by simply copy and pasting snippets from different journals. It would be more beneficial if the information given in the journals was analysed, interpreted and then presented while still referencing. This goes for the procedure also. Try to find information, understand it yourself and then 'explain' it to your audience. You will find that the page will be more cohesive as a result. Another point would be to expand the subheadings so that they clearly identify the subject matter being covered under that section as at the moment they are quite vague. Some points which could also be addressed: future of the procedure? The glossary could also be expanded. Good effort. --z3241780 14:14, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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'''GROUP 5: Fetal Fibronectin'''&lt;br /&gt;
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Group 5 the first thing I have to say about your project page that I think will really help you guy out is that you need put more pictures. If I’m not mistaken the hand drawn picture at the very top is the only picture on the whole page. Pictures help captivate the audience and makes your intended audience want to read on to find out or relate the picture to the information present. They also help break up the page and allow the reader some processing time while reading the information of Fetal fibronectin. The Information you have presented is pretty much flawless being the perfect amount of scientific language, by this I mean that your assignment is assessable for pretty much anyone but more importantly the information was informative. The Dot points you have used many of the section also help us understand the project better. Last but not least you have missed out on history of the pre-natal diagnostic technique which Mark Hill said was part of his marking scheme, and after reading what other people have posted on your discussion page I notice that I’m not the only one to make this comment. Apart from that nice work!!!!&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3252635|z3252635]] 13:23, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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You have a nice and simple page, concise and to the point. Nice drawn image at the beginning of the page to draw attention I thought it was very well done. I found that the current research was good, showed some good effort with good references to backup your info about the case studies and statistics. Ways that could be improved is the use of images, so people could understand the topic better, and some tables may help to make the information more interesting. I guess more detail and elaborate more on the history. Also i wasn't sure if there were any risks involved and how common this test is done. References were good, with a nice glossary. nice effort!&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3224500|z3224500]] 13:12, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Good content, needs a bit of colour and dynamics,,pictures, to engage the viewer,&lt;br /&gt;
The explanation of the results that can be obtained is succinct and to the point, it is a good section. There a few typos about, I was interseted in how accurate the test was for predicting pre term births and this was dealt with well in clinical research section. This had good scientific content. A table summarising your projects views on the validity of conducting this procedure, may reinforce the topic as, as you have explained in sentences, that it is a pretty crucial diagnostic tool. With a few little things like that this is a good web page.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3129413]] 17:12, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Simple, good organisation and what I like about it is that they referenced a lot of their text to backup their information which i thought was very scientific. The drawn picture was nice, but overall the page needed more images and pictures to understand the topic better. A table may have been a good choice to convey some information to make it more interesting, but it is still simple so not a very big deal there. So overall, more images, and I think more longer information under some headings would provide more extensive knowledge on the topic. References are very good, with an alright glossary. &lt;br /&gt;
Hi guys!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I’m guessing that the fetal fibronectin diagram at the top of the page is your student drawn diagram. Nice job on it. You might want to more clearly indicate that it is student drawn, though, and you should probably include the copyright statement. Also, you might want to think about adding some more pictures to your page to break up the text a little bit and make the page more eye-catching and easy to look at. I have to say that I really liked the way that you’ve set out the section on the test results. It was very easy to read. If I had another suggestion, it would be to move your glossary up to before the references – I almost didn’t notice you had a glossary hidden there. If someone wasn’t really looking, they might not spot it. Other than that, nice job!--[[User:Z3252833|z3252833]] 12:45, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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--Group 4 Fetal Fibronectin &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although this page had not as much detail put into it compared to previous pages, I found it much easier to read and absorb information. We must take into account that they have used a variety of sources so I am speculating that this is the more important information after researching this topic. So taking this into account I believe that this page is informative on the topic using a variety of sources, but hasn’t gone too in depth. The only advice I can give is to add some pictures or diagrams, even reproduce the information in a table to make it more interesting. Thanks guys you have done a great job.   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3290040|3290040]] 10:19, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Group 5&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Group 5, the set out of your page is really good, its broken up into sections and there's lots of point form throughout which makes it really clear and easy to understand, except for current research. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What could be improved: More pictures would help break it up and make it more interesting, maybe a picture of the actual procedure would be good. Some more detail could be added to give it a more scientific aspect like for example in the procedure section, and maybe a section on the historic background, I think thats part of the marking criteria. Overall i think you've done a great job but just maybe add some more detail to give it a more scientific feel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3292208|z3292208]] 08:21, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fetal Fibronectin&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hey guys good work with this assignment. The first thing I notice was there are not as many pictures as there are in other pages. However, what was there was relevant and easily readable.I think some more detail could be given in a few sections would help convey a more technical side of this subject matter. &lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3254753|z3254753]] 17:20, 21 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Group 5 = I really like how all the parts are broken down into points which made it easy to follow except for the &amp;quot;current research&amp;quot; . It is very structured and the picture looks great.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What could be improved is adding more pictures and break down the current research into bullet points but other than that its great --[[User:Z3305561|Navneet Ahuja]] 12:26, 21 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Group 5: Foetal fibronectin &lt;br /&gt;
What I found good about this assignment was that all the information was presented in a clear and organized manner, and did appear to have a teaching element to the project. There was a great amount of research and referencing done although it did lack a bit of a “scientific feel”.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What could be improved?&lt;br /&gt;
Some extra pictures or tables could be added and also the glossary could probably be placed above the references so that it is easier to refer to it instead of having to scroll all the way down. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3254433|z3254433]] 07:20, 20 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi Group 5, I liked the fact that everything is referenced, it made me feel like you have really researched what you are putting on here. Your page is very informative and i learnt alot about fetal fibronectin. i liked your student drawn diagram!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
improvements: definitely extra pictures. If you cant find any that you can use, start emailing the companies, this is how i got most of our permissions, as i couldnt find any with permissions. as a last resort try wiki, all of their pictures arent copyright protected. Also, probably best to go through the criteria for the page, youve missed the history altogether. Here it is for you:&lt;br /&gt;
project outline:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Intro&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. historic background&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. current associated research&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. simplified description of technique&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5. student drawn figure or animation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6. reference list&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
7. glossary&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
8. external links &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3265772|z3265772]] 03:46, 21 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reading through the information is quite easy, the headings and sub-headings makes it very clear to follow. Having questions as sub-headings makes it very user friendly to read and understand the fetal fibronectin test. However the history and development of the test is lacking. Also is the test specific for pre-mature birth detection only? please specify. The introduction also is a bit confusing where it say &amp;quot;Fetal fibronectin is a protein based plasma that acts as a form of glue attaching the amniotic sac to the uterine wall. Fetal fibronectin is commonly present between 22 to 35 weeks of pregnancy. It is released into the upper vagina towards the onset of labour. If the test finds fFN between this period, the woman will have a chance of going into labour&amp;quot; - what period are u talking about? when I read it, it seems to be prefering to 22-35 weeks of pregnancy as it state before, but it was mention that it was commonly to find fFN during that time, does that mean that it is common for women to have pre-mature births?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What could be improve would be providing a brief history of this test and fix up the introduction so it won't be confusing to the reader.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3216889|3216889]] 13:53, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
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{{Template:Projects10MHtalk}}&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:S8600021|Mark Hill]] 00:55, 31 August 2010 (UTC) There is no content on your project page and you are not making appropriate progress. I expect you all at this weeks lab and an explanation as to why no one is adding content to your project page.&lt;br /&gt;
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===You need to have this updated before this weeks lab when I will be reviewing all projects.===&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:S8600021|Mark Hill]] 04:44, 23 August 2010 (UTC) This is no where not good enough, I will need to talk to you in this weeks lab. Your group has not searched the scientific literature, found information about fibronectin or related images. Unless everyone here gets going on this project you will not be completed in time.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Dez--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 09:10, 9 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi,members,i have split the work up to 3 different constituent parts and each of us will get to pick 1&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
and do it.In addition,i have also roughly split the work up to 3 stages, which is:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
a)collecting the information from different sources,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
b)grouping the information,and&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
c)put what we get on group page.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-you just need to put your name next to the capitalised heading,(e.g PART C-Dez)to indicate you are up to that part.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-PART C is picked by me, so,options left are PART A and B only.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-You can always add in additional info, but i think it`s better we discuss it first when we figure or find it out(the ones you cant decide if they`re your part),so that we can discussion whose part it belongs to and who should do it, to kinda maintain the flow of the content.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-i`m aware that PART B is relatively short,i was outta ideas.Well, the point of PART B i make it mainly emphasizes on info related to how this test is carried out and 3rd party`s voices on this test.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The 3 different parts that i have split up are as following:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PART A - Jade&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Introduction:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-what does this technique rely on?(fibronectin)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-Stuff about fn ,fibronectin,like the time or stage it forms during pregnancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-what does  fn do in mom`s tummy during pregnancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-what kind of other abnormalities can this test predict? (mainly used for the prediction of preterm birth as far as i know)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-signs and events of preterm birth in mom`s tummy if there`s a high possibility the mom`s having a &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
preterm birth,like,cervix dilation , fn leaks outta vagina,etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-the relationship of fn and prediction of preterm birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(like comparison of fn between pregnant woman who are not at risk of preterm birth and those who are,etc)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PART B-Mary&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-how does the test work? like,steps and procedures involve.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3rd party`s voices:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-what do the public doctors , pregnant woman say about this technique?-interview  thing, vids( how this&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
test is carried out)&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
-related images.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PART C-Dez&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-who should take the test?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-What will the results tell about risk of delivering early?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-diagnostic accuracy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-side effects.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-advantages of knowing the prediction.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-treatments for those who tested with positive result.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One last thing,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
i think our primary source would be pubmed,of course there`re others too, but then the info isnt as&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
extensive and specific as pubmed,so go to it,look for the related journals and extract only details that&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
you need.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It`d be great if we could find more images and videos related to the info we get,by doing so,we could&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
make the page less lengthy and readers understand it better.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Looking forward to your comments,because i could be wrong.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3291079|z3291079]] 12:21, 16 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
We should probably add something about the history of fetal f. Fit it in with part B?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
heey , sorry for the late reply.Yea, it fits in with part B , sounds reasonable.&lt;br /&gt;
Do you have any idea what it could be? and post some links on here , if you have some with you.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:57, 19 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hey guys I found a really good article about that defines what fetal fibronectin is and how it is used to determine preterm labour. I Don't know if I can copy paste because of the copyright and I forgot how to make a link so the website is http://www.ranzcog.edu.au/publications/statements/C-obs26.pdf , It's got bits and pieces of everyones parts if You guys want to look through it and pick out what would be of help to you. Also I found a video. It's that doctor that goes onto the Dr Phil show but it's pretty good. It was one of few that I could find soo look at it and tell me what you think. Its website is http://www.5min.com/Video/Learn-about-Fetal-Fibronectin-Test-114223707. If you can find any videos just post them up because I don't think there are many around. Also I've found articles that question the tests ability to undermine the occurrence of the pre-term birth. I don't know if this is significant enough to add in as we are essentially talking about it's role in identifying whether or not the mother is going to have a pre-term birth or not instead of whether the doctor can stop it. Tell me what you think. should I add it in or not? You can find the article at http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Abstract/1996/05000/The_Preterm_Prediction_Study__Fetal_Fibronectin.1.aspx. --[[User:Z3252083|Mary Nicolas]] 10:09, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I think it is significant enough as it is an issue around this technique.I`d say add it in.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 07:12, 19 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yeah add this in cos you can say how it is a good technique but is not the best etc., etc. This could cover the topic of the reliability of this technique which we can look through. Some additional info i guess. --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 03:02, 24 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mary, you have one more part to do , which is the history of fetal fibronectin.( Like what inspired the Doc came up with this technique and is this technique a modified version of some technique, and of course it`d be great if you could find stuff like when the first time this technique was put to use, how was it and talk a little bit about the following tests,and important people involved.)&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 06:57, 19 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hey guys, I've found an article that is a good reference describing the test...it's a good outline of what we need to know. I've found a site about fFN that may help, nothing major though. it also has a few references of articles on there that we could research.  I'm going to post the subheadings up on the main page of what i think, let me know what you think but you guys can go ahead and change it :) - Jade&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332_1149.asp&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2582650/?tool=pubmed  --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 03:18, 24 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Oh and if we can find anything about further research about fFN, about improving it or something then we should add that in --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 03:33, 24 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I will do a drawing of fetal fibronectin in the womb, there's a great picture on the video that mary posted, so i will use that as a guide --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 11:17, 1 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.southernhealth.org.au/icms_docs/1197_Fetal_fibronectin_Quikcheck_in_threatened_peterm_labour.pdf    Just some more info to help --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 13:55, 1 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hey guys, kinda getting worried, we should really get a move on with this assignment lol. I'm going to draw a picture today and put it up. And hopefully finish my part of this assignment. Any feedback? --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 00:16, 7 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Another helpful site guys - http://www.ffntest.com/index.html --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 02:13, 8 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
hey guys don't worry about me I'm doing my work I just want to do it all before I put it up. The test results and procedure have been really easy to put together but the history is quite difficult as there is not demarcating date or person that used it first up... if that makes sense. I'll do it but I dont think I'm going to come up with a timeline like some of the other groups. --[[User:Z3252083|Mary Nicolas]] 04:06, 13 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
@Mary:it`s alright ,Mary.Put up what you think is makes sense,we can then discuss on it and edit in the remaining days.&lt;br /&gt;
@Jade:i realise you didn`t reference your work.So, i reckon you reference your work as soon as you can.--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 10:27, 13 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We also need more images. It's hard to find non-copyrighted pictures for fFN. i'll draw another picture if really needed. --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 12:38, 13 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Improvements===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Include a table on the deformities that result from pre-term births&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
History; refer back to the outline - I'm finding it extremely hard to find stuff about the history ay--[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 11:49, 5 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pictures&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Images for the Procedure - I added another drawing for the procedure --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 11:49, 5 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Glossary above the references - DONE --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 11:49, 5 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Make Introduction clearer - DONE --[[User:Z3291079|Jade Seenandan]] 11:49, 5 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Break up Current research into dot points&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3252083|Mary Nicolas]] 00:25, 23 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;preventions&amp;quot; section could be merged with &amp;quot;what next&amp;quot; -DONE --[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 12:08, 6 October 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''So we don't forget; '''the project guidelines'''''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. The key points relating to the topic that your group allocated are clearly described.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. The choice of content, headings and sub-headings, diagrams, tables, graphs show a good understanding of the topic area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Content is correctly cited and referenced.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. The wiki has an element of teaching at a peer level using the student's own innovative diagrams, tables or figures and/or using interesting examples or explanations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Evidence of significant research relating to basic and applied sciences that goes beyond the formal teaching activities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6. Relates the topic and content of the Wiki entry to learning aims of embryology.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
7. Clearly reflects on editing/feedback from group peers and articulates how the Wiki could be improved (or not) based on peer comments/feedback. Demonstrates an ability to review own work when criticised in an open edited wiki format. Reflects on what was learned from the process of editing a peer's wiki.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
8. Evaluates own performance and that of group peers to give a rounded summary of this wiki process in terms of group effort and achievement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
9. The content of the wiki should demonstrate to the reader that your group has researched adequately on this topic and covered the key areas necessary to inform your peers in their learning.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
10. Develops and edits the wiki entries in accordance with the above guidelines. --[[User:Z3252083|Mary Nicolas]] 00:49, 23 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi Guys! I was just wondering if i could please get your permission to use your student drawn diagram, if you see our [[2010_Group_Project_2|page]] im making a table with all our diagrams in it, and, of course, i need your permission to use it :) Thanks! Jill - group 2 --[[User:Z3265772|z3265772]] 02:55, 23 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=2010_Group_Project_5&amp;diff=39771</id>
		<title>2010 Group Project 5</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=2010_Group_Project_5&amp;diff=39771"/>
		<updated>2010-10-06T12:03:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Preventions */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=Fetal Fibronectin=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Introduction==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:FetalFN.jpg|thumb|Fetal Fibronectin|320px|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Fetal Fibronectin (fFN) test measures the amount of secretions of fFN from a woman's vagina and cervix. This technique is used to determine the likelihood of a premature birth occurring. Fetal fibronectin is a protein based plasma that acts as a form of glue attaching the amniotic sac to the uterine wall. Fetal fibronectin is commonly present around the amniotic cavity between 22 to 35 weeks of pregnancy, but is released into the cervix and upper vagina toward the onset of labour. If the test finds fFN amongst the upper vagina, between this period, the woman will have a chance of going into early labour&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;2010 March of Dimes Foundation http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332_1149.asp&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Hence, if there is no fFN found, it is most likely that they woman will not going into pre-term labour. Therefore, this test allows the woman to see if they are at risk or not. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====About preterm births====&lt;br /&gt;
Preterm births refer to labour that occurs early than expected. Preterm labour occurs prior to 37 weeks of gestation, Signs include:&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;2010 March of Dimes Foundation http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332_1149.asp&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
- Contractions every 10 minutes or more &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Blood or clear, watery discharge from the vagina&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Low backache&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Heavy pelvic pressure&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many groups of women who are at risk of preterm labour. They include:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women who have had a history of preterm births&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women who are pregnant with twins or more&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women who have cervical or uterine abnormalities&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Obese or overweight women&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;20647282&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women associated with an illness or disease (diabetes, high blood pressure)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Smokers, alcoholics, drug users, stress and women who lack social support&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Risk Factors of a pre-term birth==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''A History of Pre-term births''': women with preceding pre-term births prior to 37 weeks have a 55% rate of a subsequent pre-term birth&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Meis PJ, Klebanoff M, Thom E, et al. Prevention of recurrent preterm delivery by 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2379-85.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Moreover, the incidence of a pre-term birth surmounts with every additional pre-term birth&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Adams MM, Elam-Evans LD, Wilson HG, Gilbertz DA. Rates of and factors associated with recurrence of preterm delivery. JAMA. 2000;283:1591-96.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Gestational age is another factor that heightens the risk of a subsequent preterm birth, i.e. as the gestational age of the prior pre-term birth decreases, the risk of a subsequent pre-term birth increases&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Mercer BM, Goldenberg RL, Moawad AH, et al. The preterm prediction study: effect of gestational age and cause of preterm birth on subsequent obstetric outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;181:1216-21.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Short cervix''': The Risk of a pre-term birth is manifested five-fold in the case of a woman with a cervical length of two centimetres as opposed to the expected four centimetres&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Iams JD, Goldenberg RL, Meis PJ, et al. The length of the cervix and the risk of spontaneous premature delivery. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(9):567-72.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Multifetal pregnancies''': Approximately 60% of multifetal births occur prior to the 37th week&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;.	Singer E, Pilpel S, Bsat F, et al. Accuracy of fetal fibronectin to predict preterm birth in twin gestations with symptoms of labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2007 May;109(5):1083-87&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Procedure of the Fetal Fibronectin Test==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fetal Fibronectin test involves a clinician placing a speculum into the vagina. A cotton swab is then used to collect a sample of the cervico-vaginal secretions in the cervical canal/posterior fornix. This sample is then sent to a Laboratory that analyses it, producing the results within 24 hours of the test. The necessity of the use of the speculum has been questioned in recent years. Studies have shown that the insertion of a finger to guide the cotton swab toward the posterior fornix of the vagina is just as effective as Adeza approved method. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;18355785&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:FFN_test2.jpg|thumb|Fetal Fibronectin Procedure Image|320px|centre]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Laboratory procedure===&lt;br /&gt;
The Laboratory test that is undertaken uses a specific monoclonal (FDC-6) antibody. The use of this antibody allows for rapid testing of the presence of fetal Fibronectin in the fFN assay. Prior to the use of this assay, ELIZA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay) was used but its inability to efficiently detect fetal Fibronectin saw it superseded by the current fFN assay. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This assay is:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•         '''Lateral flow'''; a type of Immunoassay that enables the test sample to exude along a solid substrate via capillary action. Another common example of this type of test is the take home pregnancy test&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•         '''Solid-phase Immunosorbent assay device'''; also known as reverse ELISA. This process involves an immunosorbent polystyrene rod which has distended ogives that have been sensitised to the fetal fibronectin specific reagent. The sensitised rod is then placed into the fetal fibronectin sample that is extracted from the patient. The ogives on the rod, which have now been exposed to the potential fetal fibronectin, undergo a series of washing, incubation in conjugate and incubation in chromogen (to develop the colour that will determine the partiality or impartiality of fetal fibronectin to the test and thus the premature presence of it in the cervix)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
•         '''Qualitative detection of fFN in cervico-vaginal specimens'''; the test concludes in either a positive or negative result.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Test Results==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Maintaining the quality of the sample===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The integrity of the test requires that the vagina and the cervix remain undisturbed. Such disruptions include:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	Physical examinations/digital vagina examinations such as a transvaginal ultrasound&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	Sexual intercourse within 24 hours of the test as Semen contains a degree of fibronectin which may lead to a false positive result. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Management of Preterm Labor. ACOG Practice Bulletin, number 43, May 2003 (reaffirmed 2008)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•       Preeclampsia &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;1536222&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, a False negative may occur if the Mother is suffering from Candida Albicans (yeast infection) as it binds with the Fetal Fibronectin. &amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt; Fetal Fibronectin; Lab Test online. http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/ffn/test.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===What do the test results mean?===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The results of the fetal Fibronectin test appear as a numeric figure that is either above or below a specified ng (of fetal fibronectin)/mL (of sample collected). If the Figure is below 50ng/mL the test result is negative; if it is greater than 50ng/mL the test result is positive &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;10739521&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''What does this mean?''  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With 95% accuracy a negative result predicts that labour is not going to occur within the following two weeks. A positive result, however, is an inconclusive result. Its main value is providing healthcare workers and the mother with the opportunity to negate for as long as possible the pre-term labour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===What`s following the positive results?===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From the perspective of infant health,preventions or treatments for fetal fibronection test positive woman can be divided into 3 types:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
a.Primary prevention - turning preterm birth to at term birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
b.Secondary Prevention - intervening before preterm birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
c.Tertiary Prevention - treatments for premature infants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However,the progress has mainly been made in the latter two preventions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The secondary prevention involves the regionalisation of perinatal and neonatal care which ,including matenal transport of impending preterm births and the use of antepartum steroid to speed up the maturation of postnatal lungs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tertiary prevention involves developments in neonatal intensive care such as ventilator management and surfactant treatment. It has had a substantial impact on infant mortality yet has less notably affected rates of long-term sequelae.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The secondary and tertiary prevention measures together have lowered gestational age-specific neonatal&lt;br /&gt;
mortality rates.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;PMC1508187&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The predicted results attained by the Fetal fibronectin test determine the actions of the mother and the health care workers within the next two week period. If the results are positive, some or all of the following actions will follow thereafter:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Tocolytic agents'''; these inhibit uterine contractions and delay subsequent birth by approximately 	4-5 days. They allow for substantial time to administer betamethasone, which is a glucocortocoid drug that sharply accelerates the rate of fetal lung maturity (usually reaching optimum load in 1-2days)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Tocolytic Agents - Protocols for Administration for Threatened&lt;br /&gt;
Preterm Labour. http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/policies/PD/2005/pdf/PD2005_249.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Progesterone'''; this is administered as it decreases the incidence of preterm births in mothers who have had previous pre-term births. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Effectiveness Of Progesterone In Reducing Preterm Births May Be Altered By Genetic Predisposition. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090130084153.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Corticosteroids'''; These also aid in fetal lung maturity.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Corticosteroids For Fetal Lung&lt;br /&gt;
Maturity. http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/PatientEd/Materials/PDFDocs/medicatn/gendrug/corticos-fetal.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Hospital transfer and bed rest'''; the mother may need to be transferred to a medical institution that has the facilities to deal with premature babies.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Targeted individuals==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists doesn’t recommend  pregnant women who have no symptoms and are not at high risk to be put to test, as the test hasn’t shown the accuracy predicting asymptomic woman.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Only 2 groups of pregnant woman would be recommended to put to test, which are the groups that have contractions or other symptoms of preterm labor in between  week 24th and 34th.The other group would be the group that are at high risk for preterm labor, such as women with prior preterm delivery, multifetal gestations, uterine abnormalities and cervical factors , but have no symptoms.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;7738935&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The test should only be used on those pregnant woman who are at high risk and show symptoms of preterm labor to help make a more accurate diagnosis. For example, women who have intact amniotic membranes, a cervix that has not dilated more than 3 cm, only slight vaginal bleeding, no cervical cerclage (a cervix that has been sewn shut during pregnancy to keep the baby in the uterus).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Assessment of Risk Factors for Preterm Birth. ACOG Practice Bulletin, number 31, October 2001 (reaffirmed 2008).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Current Research==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fFN(fetal fibronectin) remains relatively very low levels throughout the first 22 weeks of gestation. The  following dramatically increase of the concentration that reaches 50 ng/mL or over  from 22nd week onwards associates with the increase of the incidence of preterm labor before week 37th of gastation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Akush Ginekol (Sofiia). 2010;49(2):39-42. Bulgarian.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
According to a study carried out in a teaching hospital, the presence of fetal fibronectin in the cervicovaginal secretions of  preterm birth symptomatic women indicates a significant risk for subsequent preterm birth while the absence of fetal fibronectin in this group of woman is a very strong indication that subsequent preterm birth is unlikely to occur.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID8688390&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;8688390&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The findings are, the preterm birth (before 37 weeks of gestation) rate in the population studied was 19.1%. Fetal fibronectin predicted preterm birth with sensitivity of 63%, specificity of 95.6%, positive &lt;br /&gt;
predictive value of 77.3%, and negative predictive value of 91.6%. A negative test accurately excluded &lt;br /&gt;
(97.9%) the chance of subsequent birth during the three weeks interval following sampling.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID8688390 &amp;quot;/&amp;gt;A study with objective to determine the accuracy with which cervico-vaginal fetal fibronectin predicts preterm delivery using systematic quantitative overview of the available literature, concludes that fetal fibronectin test is the most accurate in predicting spontaneous preterm birth within 7 to 10 days after the test of symptomatic woman before advanced cervical dilatation.&lt;br /&gt;
A total of 26 876 women involved in the study and among asymptomatic women the best summary likelihood &lt;br /&gt;
ratio for positive results was 4.01, 95% confidence interval 2.93 to 5.49 for predicting birth before 34&lt;br /&gt;
weeks gestation, with corresponding summary likelihood ratio for negative results of 0.78. Among&lt;br /&gt;
symptomatic women the best summary likelihood ratio for positive results was 5.42 for predicting birth&lt;br /&gt;
within 7-10 days of testing, with corresponding ratio for negative results of 0.25.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the test has been commonly used in labour and delivery units to help in the management of&lt;br /&gt;
preterm labour asymptomatic woman, yet it is not an official screening method to be used of pregnant &lt;br /&gt;
woman in general, as there is not sufficient evidence to recommend its use as a screening method. Fetal fibronectin test, if combined with clinical findings, has a potentially important role in clinical&lt;br /&gt;
management of women with symptoms suggestive of preterm labour.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID8688390 &amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Since this review found an association between knowledge of fFN results and a lower incidence of preterm&lt;br /&gt;
birth before 37 weeks, further research should be encouraged.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;18843732&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Significance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Advantages===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Infants that are born preterm are mainly associated with high chances of mortality and getting health and development problems as they grow up. Complications associated include acute respiratory, gastrointestinal, immunologic, central nervous system problems, hearing, and vision defects,  longer-term motor, cognitive, visual, hearing, behavioral, social-emotional, health, and growth problems. The birth of a preterm infant can also bring considerable emotional and economic costs to families and have implications for public-sector services, such as health insurance, educational, and other social support systems.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Therefore, being able to predict preterm birth would eliminate those problems listed above. The fetal fibronectin test is also a non-invasive test that can be completed quickly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Disadvantages===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is no side effects in this test, rather the use of fFN test in routine clinical practice allows management and resources to be targeted more appropriately and may limit unnecessary interventions.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID16953860&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;16953860&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.ffntest.com/index.html Fetal Fibronectin Test Site]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glossary==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Amniotic cavity''' - innermost sac containing amniotic fluid that encloses the embryo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Antenatal''' - prenatal, before birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Asymptomatic''' - producing or showing no symptoms of a condition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cervical cerclage''' - stitching a malfunctioning (open) cervix  closed during pregnancy to prevent miscarriage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Corticosteroids''' - group of steroid hormones with metabolic functions and inflammatory treatment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Fornix''' - On both sides of the cervix the vagina bulges out into a pocket, which is called a fornix &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Gestation''' - process of the developing embryo, where the fetus is carried in the womb between conception and birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Immunosorbent''' - An antibody that is used to remove a specific antigen from a mixture; An antigen that is used to remove a specific antibody from a mixture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Monoclonal Antibody''' - an antibody produced by means of recombinant DNA technology to recognise one specific substance&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Multifetal''' - involves two or more fetuses in the womb during pregnancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Preeclampsia''' - is a medical condition where hypertension arises in pregnancy (pregnancy-induced hypertension) in association with significant amounts of protein in the urine&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Speculum''' - a medical instrument for dilating a bodily passage or cavity in order to examine the interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Symptomatic''' - involves producing symptoms of a condition. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Tocolysis''' - medications used to supress preterm labour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Uterine wall''' - the wall of the uterus in the female reproductive system, superior to the cervix.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Template:Projects10}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=2010_Group_Project_5&amp;diff=39769</id>
		<title>2010 Group Project 5</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=2010_Group_Project_5&amp;diff=39769"/>
		<updated>2010-10-06T12:01:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Preventions */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=Fetal Fibronectin=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Introduction==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:FetalFN.jpg|thumb|Fetal Fibronectin|320px|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Fetal Fibronectin (fFN) test measures the amount of secretions of fFN from a woman's vagina and cervix. This technique is used to determine the likelihood of a premature birth occurring. Fetal fibronectin is a protein based plasma that acts as a form of glue attaching the amniotic sac to the uterine wall. Fetal fibronectin is commonly present around the amniotic cavity between 22 to 35 weeks of pregnancy, but is released into the cervix and upper vagina toward the onset of labour. If the test finds fFN amongst the upper vagina, between this period, the woman will have a chance of going into early labour&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;2010 March of Dimes Foundation http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332_1149.asp&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Hence, if there is no fFN found, it is most likely that they woman will not going into pre-term labour. Therefore, this test allows the woman to see if they are at risk or not. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====About preterm births====&lt;br /&gt;
Preterm births refer to labour that occurs early than expected. Preterm labour occurs prior to 37 weeks of gestation, Signs include:&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;2010 March of Dimes Foundation http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332_1149.asp&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
- Contractions every 10 minutes or more &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Blood or clear, watery discharge from the vagina&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Low backache&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Heavy pelvic pressure&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many groups of women who are at risk of preterm labour. They include:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women who have had a history of preterm births&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women who are pregnant with twins or more&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women who have cervical or uterine abnormalities&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Obese or overweight women&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;20647282&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women associated with an illness or disease (diabetes, high blood pressure)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Smokers, alcoholics, drug users, stress and women who lack social support&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Risk Factors of a pre-term birth==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''A History of Pre-term births''': women with preceding pre-term births prior to 37 weeks have a 55% rate of a subsequent pre-term birth&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Meis PJ, Klebanoff M, Thom E, et al. Prevention of recurrent preterm delivery by 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2379-85.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Moreover, the incidence of a pre-term birth surmounts with every additional pre-term birth&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Adams MM, Elam-Evans LD, Wilson HG, Gilbertz DA. Rates of and factors associated with recurrence of preterm delivery. JAMA. 2000;283:1591-96.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Gestational age is another factor that heightens the risk of a subsequent preterm birth, i.e. as the gestational age of the prior pre-term birth decreases, the risk of a subsequent pre-term birth increases&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Mercer BM, Goldenberg RL, Moawad AH, et al. The preterm prediction study: effect of gestational age and cause of preterm birth on subsequent obstetric outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;181:1216-21.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Short cervix''': The Risk of a pre-term birth is manifested five-fold in the case of a woman with a cervical length of two centimetres as opposed to the expected four centimetres&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Iams JD, Goldenberg RL, Meis PJ, et al. The length of the cervix and the risk of spontaneous premature delivery. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(9):567-72.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Multifetal pregnancies''': Approximately 60% of multifetal births occur prior to the 37th week&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;.	Singer E, Pilpel S, Bsat F, et al. Accuracy of fetal fibronectin to predict preterm birth in twin gestations with symptoms of labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2007 May;109(5):1083-87&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Procedure of the Fetal Fibronectin Test==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fetal Fibronectin test involves a clinician placing a speculum into the vagina. A cotton swab is then used to collect a sample of the cervico-vaginal secretions in the cervical canal/posterior fornix. This sample is then sent to a Laboratory that analyses it, producing the results within 24 hours of the test. The necessity of the use of the speculum has been questioned in recent years. Studies have shown that the insertion of a finger to guide the cotton swab toward the posterior fornix of the vagina is just as effective as Adeza approved method. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;18355785&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:FFN_test2.jpg|thumb|Fetal Fibronectin Procedure Image|320px|centre]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Laboratory procedure===&lt;br /&gt;
The Laboratory test that is undertaken uses a specific monoclonal (FDC-6) antibody. The use of this antibody allows for rapid testing of the presence of fetal Fibronectin in the fFN assay. Prior to the use of this assay, ELIZA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay) was used but its inability to efficiently detect fetal Fibronectin saw it superseded by the current fFN assay. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This assay is:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•         '''Lateral flow'''; a type of Immunoassay that enables the test sample to exude along a solid substrate via capillary action. Another common example of this type of test is the take home pregnancy test&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•         '''Solid-phase Immunosorbent assay device'''; also known as reverse ELISA. This process involves an immunosorbent polystyrene rod which has distended ogives that have been sensitised to the fetal fibronectin specific reagent. The sensitised rod is then placed into the fetal fibronectin sample that is extracted from the patient. The ogives on the rod, which have now been exposed to the potential fetal fibronectin, undergo a series of washing, incubation in conjugate and incubation in chromogen (to develop the colour that will determine the partiality or impartiality of fetal fibronectin to the test and thus the premature presence of it in the cervix)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
•         '''Qualitative detection of fFN in cervico-vaginal specimens'''; the test concludes in either a positive or negative result.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Test Results==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Maintaining the quality of the sample===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The integrity of the test requires that the vagina and the cervix remain undisturbed. Such disruptions include:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	Physical examinations/digital vagina examinations such as a transvaginal ultrasound&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	Sexual intercourse within 24 hours of the test as Semen contains a degree of fibronectin which may lead to a false positive result. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Management of Preterm Labor. ACOG Practice Bulletin, number 43, May 2003 (reaffirmed 2008)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•       Preeclampsia &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;1536222&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, a False negative may occur if the Mother is suffering from Candida Albicans (yeast infection) as it binds with the Fetal Fibronectin. &amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt; Fetal Fibronectin; Lab Test online. http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/ffn/test.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===What do the test results mean?===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The results of the fetal Fibronectin test appear as a numeric figure that is either above or below a specified ng (of fetal fibronectin)/mL (of sample collected). If the Figure is below 50ng/mL the test result is negative; if it is greater than 50ng/mL the test result is positive &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;10739521&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''What does this mean?''  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With 95% accuracy a negative result predicts that labour is not going to occur within the following two weeks. A positive result, however, is an inconclusive result. Its main value is providing healthcare workers and the mother with the opportunity to negate for as long as possible the pre-term labour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Preventions===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From the perspective of infant health,preventions or treatments for fetal fibronection test positive woman can be divided into 3 types:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
a.Primary prevention - turning preterm birth to at term birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
b.Secondary Prevention - intervening before preterm birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
c.Tertiary Prevention - treatments for premature infants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However,the progress has mainly been made in the latter two preventions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The secondary prevention involves the regionalisation of perinatal and neonatal care which ,including matenal transport of impending preterm births and the use of antepartum steroid to speed up the maturation of postnatal lungs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tertiary prevention involves developments in neonatal intensive care such as ventilator management and surfactant treatment. It has had a substantial impact on infant mortality yet has less notably affected rates of long-term sequelae.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The secondary and tertiary prevention measures together have lowered gestational age-specific neonatal&lt;br /&gt;
mortality rates.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;PMC1508187&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The predicted results attained by the Fetal fibronectin test determine the actions of the mother and the health care workers within the next two week period. If the results are positive, some or all of the following actions will follow thereafter:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Tocolytic agents'''; these inhibit uterine contractions and delay subsequent birth by approximately 	4-5 days. They allow for substantial time to administer betamethasone, which is a glucocortocoid drug that sharply accelerates the rate of fetal lung maturity (usually reaching optimum load in 1-2days)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Tocolytic Agents - Protocols for Administration for Threatened&lt;br /&gt;
Preterm Labour. http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/policies/PD/2005/pdf/PD2005_249.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Progesterone'''; this is administered as it decreases the incidence of preterm births in mothers who have had previous pre-term births. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Effectiveness Of Progesterone In Reducing Preterm Births May Be Altered By Genetic Predisposition. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090130084153.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Corticosteroids'''; These also aid in fetal lung maturity.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Corticosteroids For Fetal Lung&lt;br /&gt;
Maturity. http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/PatientEd/Materials/PDFDocs/medicatn/gendrug/corticos-fetal.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Hospital transfer and bed rest'''; the mother may need to be transferred to a medical institution that has the facilities to deal with premature babies.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Targeted individuals==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists doesn’t recommend  pregnant women who have no symptoms and are not at high risk to be put to test, as the test hasn’t shown the accuracy predicting asymptomic woman.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Only 2 groups of pregnant woman would be recommended to put to test, which are the groups that have contractions or other symptoms of preterm labor in between  week 24th and 34th.The other group would be the group that are at high risk for preterm labor, such as women with prior preterm delivery, multifetal gestations, uterine abnormalities and cervical factors , but have no symptoms.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;7738935&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The test should only be used on those pregnant woman who are at high risk and show symptoms of preterm labor to help make a more accurate diagnosis. For example, women who have intact amniotic membranes, a cervix that has not dilated more than 3 cm, only slight vaginal bleeding, no cervical cerclage (a cervix that has been sewn shut during pregnancy to keep the baby in the uterus).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Assessment of Risk Factors for Preterm Birth. ACOG Practice Bulletin, number 31, October 2001 (reaffirmed 2008).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Current Research==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fFN(fetal fibronectin) remains relatively very low levels throughout the first 22 weeks of gestation. The  following dramatically increase of the concentration that reaches 50 ng/mL or over  from 22nd week onwards associates with the increase of the incidence of preterm labor before week 37th of gastation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Akush Ginekol (Sofiia). 2010;49(2):39-42. Bulgarian.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
According to a study carried out in a teaching hospital, the presence of fetal fibronectin in the cervicovaginal secretions of  preterm birth symptomatic women indicates a significant risk for subsequent preterm birth while the absence of fetal fibronectin in this group of woman is a very strong indication that subsequent preterm birth is unlikely to occur.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID8688390&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;8688390&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The findings are, the preterm birth (before 37 weeks of gestation) rate in the population studied was 19.1%. Fetal fibronectin predicted preterm birth with sensitivity of 63%, specificity of 95.6%, positive &lt;br /&gt;
predictive value of 77.3%, and negative predictive value of 91.6%. A negative test accurately excluded &lt;br /&gt;
(97.9%) the chance of subsequent birth during the three weeks interval following sampling.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID8688390 &amp;quot;/&amp;gt;A study with objective to determine the accuracy with which cervico-vaginal fetal fibronectin predicts preterm delivery using systematic quantitative overview of the available literature, concludes that fetal fibronectin test is the most accurate in predicting spontaneous preterm birth within 7 to 10 days after the test of symptomatic woman before advanced cervical dilatation.&lt;br /&gt;
A total of 26 876 women involved in the study and among asymptomatic women the best summary likelihood &lt;br /&gt;
ratio for positive results was 4.01, 95% confidence interval 2.93 to 5.49 for predicting birth before 34&lt;br /&gt;
weeks gestation, with corresponding summary likelihood ratio for negative results of 0.78. Among&lt;br /&gt;
symptomatic women the best summary likelihood ratio for positive results was 5.42 for predicting birth&lt;br /&gt;
within 7-10 days of testing, with corresponding ratio for negative results of 0.25.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the test has been commonly used in labour and delivery units to help in the management of&lt;br /&gt;
preterm labour asymptomatic woman, yet it is not an official screening method to be used of pregnant &lt;br /&gt;
woman in general, as there is not sufficient evidence to recommend its use as a screening method. Fetal fibronectin test, if combined with clinical findings, has a potentially important role in clinical&lt;br /&gt;
management of women with symptoms suggestive of preterm labour.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID8688390 &amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Since this review found an association between knowledge of fFN results and a lower incidence of preterm&lt;br /&gt;
birth before 37 weeks, further research should be encouraged.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;18843732&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Significance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Advantages===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Infants that are born preterm are mainly associated with high chances of mortality and getting health and development problems as they grow up. Complications associated include acute respiratory, gastrointestinal, immunologic, central nervous system problems, hearing, and vision defects,  longer-term motor, cognitive, visual, hearing, behavioral, social-emotional, health, and growth problems. The birth of a preterm infant can also bring considerable emotional and economic costs to families and have implications for public-sector services, such as health insurance, educational, and other social support systems.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Therefore, being able to predict preterm birth would eliminate those problems listed above. The fetal fibronectin test is also a non-invasive test that can be completed quickly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Disadvantages===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is no side effects in this test, rather the use of fFN test in routine clinical practice allows management and resources to be targeted more appropriately and may limit unnecessary interventions.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID16953860&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;16953860&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.ffntest.com/index.html Fetal Fibronectin Test Site]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glossary==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Amniotic cavity''' - innermost sac containing amniotic fluid that encloses the embryo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Antenatal''' - prenatal, before birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Asymptomatic''' - producing or showing no symptoms of a condition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cervical cerclage''' - stitching a malfunctioning (open) cervix  closed during pregnancy to prevent miscarriage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Corticosteroids''' - group of steroid hormones with metabolic functions and inflammatory treatment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Fornix''' - On both sides of the cervix the vagina bulges out into a pocket, which is called a fornix &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Gestation''' - process of the developing embryo, where the fetus is carried in the womb between conception and birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Immunosorbent''' - An antibody that is used to remove a specific antigen from a mixture; An antigen that is used to remove a specific antibody from a mixture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Monoclonal Antibody''' - an antibody produced by means of recombinant DNA technology to recognise one specific substance&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Multifetal''' - involves two or more fetuses in the womb during pregnancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Preeclampsia''' - is a medical condition where hypertension arises in pregnancy (pregnancy-induced hypertension) in association with significant amounts of protein in the urine&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Speculum''' - a medical instrument for dilating a bodily passage or cavity in order to examine the interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Symptomatic''' - involves producing symptoms of a condition. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Tocolysis''' - medications used to supress preterm labour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Uterine wall''' - the wall of the uterus in the female reproductive system, superior to the cervix.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Template:Projects10}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=2010_Group_Project_5&amp;diff=39768</id>
		<title>2010 Group Project 5</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=2010_Group_Project_5&amp;diff=39768"/>
		<updated>2010-10-06T12:00:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* What next? */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=Fetal Fibronectin=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Introduction==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:FetalFN.jpg|thumb|Fetal Fibronectin|320px|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Fetal Fibronectin (fFN) test measures the amount of secretions of fFN from a woman's vagina and cervix. This technique is used to determine the likelihood of a premature birth occurring. Fetal fibronectin is a protein based plasma that acts as a form of glue attaching the amniotic sac to the uterine wall. Fetal fibronectin is commonly present around the amniotic cavity between 22 to 35 weeks of pregnancy, but is released into the cervix and upper vagina toward the onset of labour. If the test finds fFN amongst the upper vagina, between this period, the woman will have a chance of going into early labour&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;2010 March of Dimes Foundation http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332_1149.asp&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Hence, if there is no fFN found, it is most likely that they woman will not going into pre-term labour. Therefore, this test allows the woman to see if they are at risk or not. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====About preterm births====&lt;br /&gt;
Preterm births refer to labour that occurs early than expected. Preterm labour occurs prior to 37 weeks of gestation, Signs include:&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;2010 March of Dimes Foundation http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332_1149.asp&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
- Contractions every 10 minutes or more &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Blood or clear, watery discharge from the vagina&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Low backache&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Heavy pelvic pressure&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many groups of women who are at risk of preterm labour. They include:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women who have had a history of preterm births&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women who are pregnant with twins or more&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women who have cervical or uterine abnormalities&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Obese or overweight women&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;20647282&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Women associated with an illness or disease (diabetes, high blood pressure)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Smokers, alcoholics, drug users, stress and women who lack social support&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Risk Factors of a pre-term birth==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''A History of Pre-term births''': women with preceding pre-term births prior to 37 weeks have a 55% rate of a subsequent pre-term birth&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Meis PJ, Klebanoff M, Thom E, et al. Prevention of recurrent preterm delivery by 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2379-85.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Moreover, the incidence of a pre-term birth surmounts with every additional pre-term birth&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Adams MM, Elam-Evans LD, Wilson HG, Gilbertz DA. Rates of and factors associated with recurrence of preterm delivery. JAMA. 2000;283:1591-96.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Gestational age is another factor that heightens the risk of a subsequent preterm birth, i.e. as the gestational age of the prior pre-term birth decreases, the risk of a subsequent pre-term birth increases&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Mercer BM, Goldenberg RL, Moawad AH, et al. The preterm prediction study: effect of gestational age and cause of preterm birth on subsequent obstetric outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;181:1216-21.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Short cervix''': The Risk of a pre-term birth is manifested five-fold in the case of a woman with a cervical length of two centimetres as opposed to the expected four centimetres&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Iams JD, Goldenberg RL, Meis PJ, et al. The length of the cervix and the risk of spontaneous premature delivery. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(9):567-72.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Multifetal pregnancies''': Approximately 60% of multifetal births occur prior to the 37th week&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;.	Singer E, Pilpel S, Bsat F, et al. Accuracy of fetal fibronectin to predict preterm birth in twin gestations with symptoms of labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2007 May;109(5):1083-87&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Procedure of the Fetal Fibronectin Test==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fetal Fibronectin test involves a clinician placing a speculum into the vagina. A cotton swab is then used to collect a sample of the cervico-vaginal secretions in the cervical canal/posterior fornix. This sample is then sent to a Laboratory that analyses it, producing the results within 24 hours of the test. The necessity of the use of the speculum has been questioned in recent years. Studies have shown that the insertion of a finger to guide the cotton swab toward the posterior fornix of the vagina is just as effective as Adeza approved method. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;18355785&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:FFN_test2.jpg|thumb|Fetal Fibronectin Procedure Image|320px|centre]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Laboratory procedure===&lt;br /&gt;
The Laboratory test that is undertaken uses a specific monoclonal (FDC-6) antibody. The use of this antibody allows for rapid testing of the presence of fetal Fibronectin in the fFN assay. Prior to the use of this assay, ELIZA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay) was used but its inability to efficiently detect fetal Fibronectin saw it superseded by the current fFN assay. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This assay is:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•         '''Lateral flow'''; a type of Immunoassay that enables the test sample to exude along a solid substrate via capillary action. Another common example of this type of test is the take home pregnancy test&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•         '''Solid-phase Immunosorbent assay device'''; also known as reverse ELISA. This process involves an immunosorbent polystyrene rod which has distended ogives that have been sensitised to the fetal fibronectin specific reagent. The sensitised rod is then placed into the fetal fibronectin sample that is extracted from the patient. The ogives on the rod, which have now been exposed to the potential fetal fibronectin, undergo a series of washing, incubation in conjugate and incubation in chromogen (to develop the colour that will determine the partiality or impartiality of fetal fibronectin to the test and thus the premature presence of it in the cervix)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
•         '''Qualitative detection of fFN in cervico-vaginal specimens'''; the test concludes in either a positive or negative result.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Review of&lt;br /&gt;
Rapid Fetal Fibronectin Assay in the Management of Suspected Preterm Labour. http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/AHTDP-fFN-synthesis.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Test Results==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Maintaining the quality of the sample===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The integrity of the test requires that the vagina and the cervix remain undisturbed. Such disruptions include:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	Physical examinations/digital vagina examinations such as a transvaginal ultrasound&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	Sexual intercourse within 24 hours of the test as Semen contains a degree of fibronectin which may lead to a false positive result. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Management of Preterm Labor. ACOG Practice Bulletin, number 43, May 2003 (reaffirmed 2008)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•       Preeclampsia &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;1536222&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, a False negative may occur if the Mother is suffering from Candida Albicans (yeast infection) as it binds with the Fetal Fibronectin. &amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt; Fetal Fibronectin; Lab Test online. http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/ffn/test.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===What do the test results mean?===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The results of the fetal Fibronectin test appear as a numeric figure that is either above or below a specified ng (of fetal fibronectin)/mL (of sample collected). If the Figure is below 50ng/mL the test result is negative; if it is greater than 50ng/mL the test result is positive &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;10739521&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''What does this mean?''  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With 95% accuracy a negative result predicts that labour is not going to occur within the following two weeks. A positive result, however, is an inconclusive result. Its main value is providing healthcare workers and the mother with the opportunity to negate for as long as possible the pre-term labour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Preventions===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From the perspective of infant health,preventions or treatments for fetal fibronection test positive woman can be divided into 3 types:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
a.Primary prevention - turning preterm birth to at term birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
b.Secondary Prevention - intervening before preterm birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
c.Tertiary Prevention - treatments for premature infants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However,the progress has mainly been made in the latter two preventions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The secondary prevention involves the regionalisation of perinatal and neonatal care which ,including matenal transport of impending preterm births and the use of antepartum steroid to speed up the maturation of postnatal lungs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tertiary prevention involves developments in neonatal intensive care such as ventilator management and surfactant treatment. It has had a substantial impact on infant mortality yet has less notably affected rates of long-term sequelae.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The secondary and tertiary prevention measures together have lowered gestational age-specific neonatal&lt;br /&gt;
mortality rates.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;PMC1508187&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The predicted results attained by the Fetal fibronectin test determine the actions of the mother and the health care workers within the next two week period. If the results are positive, some or all of the following actions will follow thereafter:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Tocolytic agents'''; these inhibit uterine contractions and delay subsequent birth by approximately 	4-5 days. They allow for substantial time to administer betamethasone, which is a glucocortocoid drug that sharply accelerates the rate of fetal lung maturity (usually reaching optimum load in 1-2days)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Tocolytic Agents - Protocols for Administration for Threatened&lt;br /&gt;
Preterm Labour. http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/policies/PD/2005/pdf/PD2005_249.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Progesterone'''; this is administered as it decreases the incidence of preterm births in mothers who have had previous pre-term births. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Effectiveness Of Progesterone In Reducing Preterm Births May Be Altered By Genetic Predisposition. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090130084153.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Corticosteroids'''; These also aid in fetal lung maturity.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Corticosteroids For Fetal Lung&lt;br /&gt;
Maturity. http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/PatientEd/Materials/PDFDocs/medicatn/gendrug/corticos-fetal.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
•	'''Hospital transfer and bed rest'''; the mother may need to be transferred to a medical institution that has the facilities to deal with premature babies.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Targeted individuals==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists doesn’t recommend  pregnant women who have no symptoms and are not at high risk to be put to test, as the test hasn’t shown the accuracy predicting asymptomic woman.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Only 2 groups of pregnant woman would be recommended to put to test, which are the groups that have contractions or other symptoms of preterm labor in between  week 24th and 34th.The other group would be the group that are at high risk for preterm labor, such as women with prior preterm delivery, multifetal gestations, uterine abnormalities and cervical factors , but have no symptoms.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;7738935&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The test should only be used on those pregnant woman who are at high risk and show symptoms of preterm labor to help make a more accurate diagnosis. For example, women who have intact amniotic membranes, a cervix that has not dilated more than 3 cm, only slight vaginal bleeding, no cervical cerclage (a cervix that has been sewn shut during pregnancy to keep the baby in the uterus).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Assessment of Risk Factors for Preterm Birth. ACOG Practice Bulletin, number 31, October 2001 (reaffirmed 2008).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Current Research==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fFN(fetal fibronectin) remains relatively very low levels throughout the first 22 weeks of gestation. The  following dramatically increase of the concentration that reaches 50 ng/mL or over  from 22nd week onwards associates with the increase of the incidence of preterm labor before week 37th of gastation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Akush Ginekol (Sofiia). 2010;49(2):39-42. Bulgarian.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
According to a study carried out in a teaching hospital, the presence of fetal fibronectin in the cervicovaginal secretions of  preterm birth symptomatic women indicates a significant risk for subsequent preterm birth while the absence of fetal fibronectin in this group of woman is a very strong indication that subsequent preterm birth is unlikely to occur.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID8688390&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;8688390&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The findings are, the preterm birth (before 37 weeks of gestation) rate in the population studied was 19.1%. Fetal fibronectin predicted preterm birth with sensitivity of 63%, specificity of 95.6%, positive &lt;br /&gt;
predictive value of 77.3%, and negative predictive value of 91.6%. A negative test accurately excluded &lt;br /&gt;
(97.9%) the chance of subsequent birth during the three weeks interval following sampling.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID8688390 &amp;quot;/&amp;gt;A study with objective to determine the accuracy with which cervico-vaginal fetal fibronectin predicts preterm delivery using systematic quantitative overview of the available literature, concludes that fetal fibronectin test is the most accurate in predicting spontaneous preterm birth within 7 to 10 days after the test of symptomatic woman before advanced cervical dilatation.&lt;br /&gt;
A total of 26 876 women involved in the study and among asymptomatic women the best summary likelihood &lt;br /&gt;
ratio for positive results was 4.01, 95% confidence interval 2.93 to 5.49 for predicting birth before 34&lt;br /&gt;
weeks gestation, with corresponding summary likelihood ratio for negative results of 0.78. Among&lt;br /&gt;
symptomatic women the best summary likelihood ratio for positive results was 5.42 for predicting birth&lt;br /&gt;
within 7-10 days of testing, with corresponding ratio for negative results of 0.25.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the test has been commonly used in labour and delivery units to help in the management of&lt;br /&gt;
preterm labour asymptomatic woman, yet it is not an official screening method to be used of pregnant &lt;br /&gt;
woman in general, as there is not sufficient evidence to recommend its use as a screening method. Fetal fibronectin test, if combined with clinical findings, has a potentially important role in clinical&lt;br /&gt;
management of women with symptoms suggestive of preterm labour.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID8688390 &amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Since this review found an association between knowledge of fFN results and a lower incidence of preterm&lt;br /&gt;
birth before 37 weeks, further research should be encouraged.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;18843732&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Significance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Advantages===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Infants that are born preterm are mainly associated with high chances of mortality and getting health and development problems as they grow up. Complications associated include acute respiratory, gastrointestinal, immunologic, central nervous system problems, hearing, and vision defects,  longer-term motor, cognitive, visual, hearing, behavioral, social-emotional, health, and growth problems. The birth of a preterm infant can also bring considerable emotional and economic costs to families and have implications for public-sector services, such as health insurance, educational, and other social support systems.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes; Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);2007&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Therefore, being able to predict preterm birth would eliminate those problems listed above. The fetal fibronectin test is also a non-invasive test that can be completed quickly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Disadvantages===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is no side effects in this test, rather the use of fFN test in routine clinical practice allows management and resources to be targeted more appropriately and may limit unnecessary interventions.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PMID16953860&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;16953860&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Preventions==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From the perspective of infant health,preventions or treatments for fetal fibronection test positive woman can be divided into 3 types:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
a.Primary prevention - turning preterm birth to at term birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
b.Secondary Prevention - intervening before preterm birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
c.Tertiary Prevention - treatments for premature infants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However,the progress has mainly been made in the latter two preventions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The secondary prevention involves the regionalisation of perinatal and neonatal care which ,including matenal transport of impending preterm births and the use of antepartum steroid to speed up the maturation of postnatal lungs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tertiary prevention involves developments in neonatal intensive care such as ventilator management and surfactant treatment. It has had a substantial impact on infant mortality yet has less notably affected rates of long-term sequelae.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The secondary and tertiary prevention measures together have lowered gestational age-specific neonatal&lt;br /&gt;
mortality rates.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pubmed&amp;gt;PMC1508187&amp;lt;/pubmed&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.ffntest.com/index.html Fetal Fibronectin Test Site]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glossary==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Amniotic cavity''' - innermost sac containing amniotic fluid that encloses the embryo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Antenatal''' - prenatal, before birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Asymptomatic''' - producing or showing no symptoms of a condition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cervical cerclage''' - stitching a malfunctioning (open) cervix  closed during pregnancy to prevent miscarriage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Corticosteroids''' - group of steroid hormones with metabolic functions and inflammatory treatment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Fornix''' - On both sides of the cervix the vagina bulges out into a pocket, which is called a fornix &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Gestation''' - process of the developing embryo, where the fetus is carried in the womb between conception and birth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Immunosorbent''' - An antibody that is used to remove a specific antigen from a mixture; An antigen that is used to remove a specific antibody from a mixture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Monoclonal Antibody''' - an antibody produced by means of recombinant DNA technology to recognise one specific substance&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Multifetal''' - involves two or more fetuses in the womb during pregnancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Preeclampsia''' - is a medical condition where hypertension arises in pregnancy (pregnancy-induced hypertension) in association with significant amounts of protein in the urine&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Speculum''' - a medical instrument for dilating a bodily passage or cavity in order to examine the interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Symptomatic''' - involves producing symptoms of a condition. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Tocolysis''' - medications used to supress preterm labour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Uterine wall''' - the wall of the uterus in the female reproductive system, superior to the cervix.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Template:Projects10}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=38815</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=38815"/>
		<updated>2010-09-30T00:20:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 00:20, 30 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====lab questions====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 2 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 3&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore close on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 5&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=38729</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=38729"/>
		<updated>2010-09-29T15:16:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* lab questions */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====lab questions====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 2 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 3&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore close on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 5&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=38728</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=38728"/>
		<updated>2010-09-29T15:15:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* lab 2 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====lab questions====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 2 &lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 3&lt;br /&gt;
1.Carnegie stage 7,8 and 9 occurs in week 3 whereas, Carnegie stage 10,11,12,and 13 occur in week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The embryo grows from the size of 0.4mm at the beginning of  week 3 to 3.5mm at the end of  week 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The cranial neuropore closes on day 24 , whereas ,the caudal neuropore close on day 26.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 4&lt;br /&gt;
1.The vessels that drain into sinus venosus are the umbilical(placental),the vitelline and the common cardiac vein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.The four layers that contribute to the placenta barrier are syncitiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, villi connective tissue and fetal capillary endothelium. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Haematopoetic stem cells are found in abundance, and may be harvested from the placenta for therapeutic uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 5&lt;br /&gt;
1.The origin of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is splanchnic mesoderm, considering gastrointestinal smooth muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.The buccopharyngeal membrane begin to break down at Carnegie stage 11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Lung development which is the budding of lungs from the trachea begins at Carnegie stage 22.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Premature babies may not have fully developed type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lab 6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37917</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37917"/>
		<updated>2010-09-23T01:49:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Group Four */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 2===&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that this is a good project guiding through readers who don't know much about this area.I think you should keep the history first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is sorta short as there are some words that I had to google them. Other than that,good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37916</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37916"/>
		<updated>2010-09-23T01:47:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Group Six */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 2===&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that it was a good project addressing students and people who don't know much about this area.I think keep the History first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is slightly short as there are some words that I had to google to find the meaning of. Other than that Good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page is too much of informative and too lengthy .I personally think you need to break it up a bit.Maybe put it in point form.You have a lot of great pictures.This is certainly a good work.Also, you might wanna include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout is great in general and i like how you put in a link to a video.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37915</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37915"/>
		<updated>2010-09-23T01:41:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Group Four */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 2===&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that it was a good project addressing students and people who don't know much about this area.I think keep the History first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make.The glossary is slightly short as there are some words that I had to google to find the meaning of. Other than that Good work.Put up some more pictures and possibly , a larger referencing list would make the page better , i think.Good effort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is too much of information. Although it is very well researched (to that I commend you), I personally think you need to break it up a bit. Maybe align the pictures differently; they are great pictures they just seem to hang there as a side thought. Maybe also include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout was overall great and i liked how you put in a link to a video&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37909</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37909"/>
		<updated>2010-09-23T01:36:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Group Three */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 2===&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally think the introduction part is too lenghty.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed to help make the reader understands more easily. Other than that,in general,the web page is well done. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis.Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that it was a good project addressing students and people who don't know much about this area.I think keep the History first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make (not that I'm doubting you). You pictures are fantastic; as well as your table. The glossary is slightly short as there are some words that I had to google to find the meaning of. Other than that Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is too much of information. Although it is very well researched (to that I commend you), I personally think you need to break it up a bit. Maybe align the pictures differently; they are great pictures they just seem to hang there as a side thought. Maybe also include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout was overall great and i liked how you put in a link to a video&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37901</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37901"/>
		<updated>2010-09-23T01:07:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Group Three */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 2===&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally found the introduction to resemble that of an essay.I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed. Other than that Your web page is great. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis and I congratulate you on a job well done!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that it was a good project addressing students and people who don't know much about this area.I think keep the History first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make (not that I'm doubting you). You pictures are fantastic; as well as your table. The glossary is slightly short as there are some words that I had to google to find the meaning of. Other than that Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is too much of information. Although it is very well researched (to that I commend you), I personally think you need to break it up a bit. Maybe align the pictures differently; they are great pictures they just seem to hang there as a side thought. Maybe also include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout was overall great and i liked how you put in a link to a video&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37900</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37900"/>
		<updated>2010-09-23T01:07:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Group Four */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 2===&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally found the introduction to resemble that of an essay; I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed. Other than that Your web page is great. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis and I congratulate you on a job well done!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel that it was a good project addressing students and people who don't know much about this area.I think keep the History first then the procedure and so on. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make (not that I'm doubting you). You pictures are fantastic; as well as your table. The glossary is slightly short as there are some words that I had to google to find the meaning of. Other than that Good work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is too much of information. Although it is very well researched (to that I commend you), I personally think you need to break it up a bit. Maybe align the pictures differently; they are great pictures they just seem to hang there as a side thought. Maybe also include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout was overall great and i liked how you put in a link to a video&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37883</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37883"/>
		<updated>2010-09-23T00:49:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Group Two */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 2===&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of research has gone into this assignment and it’s evident in the information presented as its precise which also helps capture the attention of readers.The reference list is indicative of your extensive research.Very good effort.The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally found the introduction to resemble that of an essay; I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed. Other than that Your web page is great. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis and I congratulate you on a job well done!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Overall it is a good page. It's order muddled me up though. I think keep the History first then the procedure and so on an so forth. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make (not that I'm doubting you). You pictures are fantastic; as well as your table. The glossary is slightly short as there are some words that I had to google to find the meaning of. Other than that Good job guys!! &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is too much of information. Although it is very well researched (to that I commend you), I personally think you need to break it up a bit. Maybe align the pictures differently; they are great pictures they just seem to hang there as a side thought. Maybe also include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout was overall great and i liked how you put in a link to a video&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37877</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37877"/>
		<updated>2010-09-23T00:38:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 2===&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound.Most of the points made is supported with pictures ,definitely provid me a better understanding of CVS.Also,I like the pictures and tables for the different types of ultrasounds.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high as it is very informative.It makes  use of external pages.Well done.&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The information that you have provided is exceptional; the reference list is indicative of your extensive research. The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included. Other than that, I applaud you for a job well done!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally found the introduction to resemble that of an essay; I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed. Other than that Your web page is great. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis and I congratulate you on a job well done!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Overall it is a good page. It's order muddled me up though. I think keep the History first then the procedure and so on an so forth. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make (not that I'm doubting you). You pictures are fantastic; as well as your table. The glossary is slightly short as there are some words that I had to google to find the meaning of. Other than that Good job guys!! &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is too much of information. Although it is very well researched (to that I commend you), I personally think you need to break it up a bit. Maybe align the pictures differently; they are great pictures they just seem to hang there as a side thought. Maybe also include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout was overall great and i liked how you put in a link to a video&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37865</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37865"/>
		<updated>2010-09-23T00:28:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Group Six */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 2===&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound. I like the table format for the different types of ultrasounds as it provided a break from the text which in some parts seemed slightly superfluous.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high, it makes excellent use of external pages and it has an extensive glossary page which was greatly appreciated. Good job guys!!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The information that you have provided is exceptional; the reference list is indicative of your extensive research. The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included. Other than that, I applaud you for a job well done!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally found the introduction to resemble that of an essay; I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed. Other than that Your web page is great. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis and I congratulate you on a job well done!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Overall it is a good page. It's order muddled me up though. I think keep the History first then the procedure and so on an so forth. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make (not that I'm doubting you). You pictures are fantastic; as well as your table. The glossary is slightly short as there are some words that I had to google to find the meaning of. Other than that Good job guys!! &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is too much of information. Although it is very well researched (to that I commend you), I personally think you need to break it up a bit. Maybe align the pictures differently; they are great pictures they just seem to hang there as a side thought. Maybe also include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section.The layout was overall great and i liked how you put in a link to a video&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37862</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37862"/>
		<updated>2010-09-23T00:23:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Group Six */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 2===&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound. I like the table format for the different types of ultrasounds as it provided a break from the text which in some parts seemed slightly superfluous.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high, it makes excellent use of external pages and it has an extensive glossary page which was greatly appreciated. Good job guys!!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The information that you have provided is exceptional; the reference list is indicative of your extensive research. The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included. Other than that, I applaud you for a job well done!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally found the introduction to resemble that of an essay; I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed. Other than that Your web page is great. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis and I congratulate you on a job well done!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Overall it is a good page. It's order muddled me up though. I think keep the History first then the procedure and so on an so forth. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make (not that I'm doubting you). You pictures are fantastic; as well as your table. The glossary is slightly short as there are some words that I had to google to find the meaning of. Other than that Good job guys!! &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is too much of information. Although it is very well researched (to that I commend you), I personally think you need to break it up a bit. Maybe align the pictures differently; they are great pictures they just seem to hang there as a side thought. Maybe also include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section. Great video to start off with!! Good work guys!!&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37861</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37861"/>
		<updated>2010-09-23T00:21:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Peer Accessment */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 2===&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well organised. The information is easy to understand and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound. I like the table format for the different types of ultrasounds as it provided a break from the text which in some parts seemed slightly superfluous.Anyway, this is an informative website,in other words, it's educational value is high, it makes excellent use of external pages and it has an extensive glossary page which was greatly appreciated. Good job guys!!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The information that you have provided is exceptional; the reference list is indicative of your extensive research. The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well organised and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included. Other than that, I applaud you for a job well done!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally found the introduction to resemble that of an essay; I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed. Other than that Your web page is great. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis and I congratulate you on a job well done!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Overall it is a good page. It's order muddled me up though. I think keep the History first then the procedure and so on an so forth. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make (not that I'm doubting you). You pictures are fantastic; as well as your table. The glossary is slightly short as there are some words that I had to google to find the meaning of. Other than that Good job guys!! &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is A LOT of information. Although it is very well researched (to that I commend you), I personally think you need to break it up a bit. Maybe align the pictures differently; they are great pictures they just seem to hang there as a side thought. Maybe also include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section. Great video to start off with!! Good work guys!!&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37860</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37860"/>
		<updated>2010-09-23T00:18:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 2===&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peer Accessment==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well set out. The information is clear and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound. I like the table format for the different types of ultrasounds as it provided a break from the text which in some parts seemed slightly superfluous. Overall this is an excellent webpage; it's educational value is high, it makes excellent use of external pages and it has an extensive glossary page which was greatly appreciated. Good job guys!!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is definitely one of my favorites. The information that you have provided is exceptional; the reference list is indicative of your extensive research. The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well set out and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included. Other than that, I applaud you for a job well done!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally found the introduction to resemble that of an essay; I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed. Other than that Your web page is great. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis and I congratulate you on a job well done!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Overall it is a good page. It's order muddled me up though. I think keep the History first then the procedure and so on an so forth. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make (not that I'm doubting you). You pictures are fantastic; as well as your table. The glossary is slightly short as there are some words that I had to google to find the meaning of. Other than that Good job guys!! &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is A LOT of information. Although it is very well researched (to that I commend you), I personally think you need to break it up a bit. Maybe align the pictures differently; they are great pictures they just seem to hang there as a side thought. Maybe also include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section. Great video to start off with!! Good work guys!!&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37859</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37859"/>
		<updated>2010-09-23T00:17:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 2===&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is very well set out. The information is clear and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound. I like the table format for the different types of ultrasounds as it provided a break from the text which in some parts seemed slightly superfluous. Overall this is an excellent webpage; it's educational value is high, it makes excellent use of external pages and it has an extensive glossary page which was greatly appreciated. Good job guys!!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This web page is definitely one of my favorites. The information that you have provided is exceptional; the reference list is indicative of your extensive research. The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well set out and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included. Other than that, I applaud you for a job well done!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I personally found the introduction to resemble that of an essay; I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed. Other than that Your web page is great. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis and I congratulate you on a job well done!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Overall it is a good page. It's order muddled me up though. I think keep the History first then the procedure and so on an so forth. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make (not that I'm doubting you). You pictures are fantastic; as well as your table. The glossary is slightly short as there are some words that I had to google to find the meaning of. Other than that Good job guys!! &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is A LOT of information. Although it is very well researched (to that I commend you), I personally think you need to break it up a bit. Maybe align the pictures differently; they are great pictures they just seem to hang there as a side thought. Maybe also include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section. Great video to start off with!! Good work guys!!&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37858</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37858"/>
		<updated>2010-09-23T00:17:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Picture */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 2===&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37857</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37857"/>
		<updated>2010-09-23T00:16:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 2===&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
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===Group One===&lt;br /&gt;
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This web page is very well set out. The information is clear and the subheadings are indicative of the historical development and the use of the ultrasound. I like the table format for the different types of ultrasounds as it provided a break from the text which in some parts seemed slightly superfluous. Overall this is an excellent webpage; it's educational value is high, it makes excellent use of external pages and it has an extensive glossary page which was greatly appreciated. Good job guys!!&lt;br /&gt;
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===Group Two===&lt;br /&gt;
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This web page is definitely one of my favorites. The information that you have provided is exceptional; the reference list is indicative of your extensive research. The table of deformities was a stand out for me as it was very well set out and was a effective break from the text. You also used excellent external links that were very well placed within the web page. A slight improvement would be to include a link or a reference to the brief time line where you state the names of the authors, and as previously mentioned, reference the statistics that you have included. Other than that, I applaud you for a job well done!&lt;br /&gt;
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===Group Three===&lt;br /&gt;
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I personally found the introduction to resemble that of an essay; I don't think an outline of what the webpage consists of is completely necessary seeing as there is a table of contents. A Glossary and proof reading are also needed. Other than that Your web page is great. The table of disorders that you have included is encompassing and simple enough to easily follow. It s a very well-rounded overview of Amniocentesis and I congratulate you on a job well done!&lt;br /&gt;
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===Group Four===&lt;br /&gt;
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Overall it is a good page. It's order muddled me up though. I think keep the History first then the procedure and so on an so forth. There are too few references which do not adequately support the claims that you make (not that I'm doubting you). You pictures are fantastic; as well as your table. The glossary is slightly short as there are some words that I had to google to find the meaning of. Other than that Good job guys!! &lt;br /&gt;
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===Group Six===&lt;br /&gt;
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There is A LOT of information. Although it is very well researched (to that I commend you), I personally think you need to break it up a bit. Maybe align the pictures differently; they are great pictures they just seem to hang there as a side thought. Maybe also include a table or flow chart for the procedure because it is quite hard to follow. Your glossary is adequate although your referencing may fall short in the screening test section. Great video to start off with!! Good work guys!!&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37835</id>
		<title>User:Z3318446</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=User:Z3318446&amp;diff=37835"/>
		<updated>2010-09-22T23:13:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Z3318446: /* Lab Attendance */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;==Lab Attendance==&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:39, 28 July 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 11 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:06, 18 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:28, 25 August 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:08, 15 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Z3318446|Seow Liew]] 23:13, 22 September 2010 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Lab works==&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 1===&lt;br /&gt;
This is an internal link :[[2010_Lecture_2|Cell division lecture L2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is an external link:[http://www.smh.com.au/ SMH]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internal link to fertilization:[[Fertilization|TADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===lab 2===&lt;br /&gt;
1.Synctiotrophoblast cells secrete Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to support the ongoing pregancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Picture==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Early_zygote.jpg|right]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Z3318446</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>