The term "stem cell" is now used widely to cover many different cells derived from both embryo and adult tissues.
A useful guide (online PDF document) to stem cells was produced in a report by the National Institute of Health (NIH, USA, May 2000) Stem Cells: A Primer (note large size - 4.84 Mb) and more recently NIH has established a Stem Cell information page.
Page Links: Introduction | Some Recent Findings | Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell | Bone Marrow Stem Cell | Hair Follicle Stem Cell | Dental Pulp Stem Cell | References | Glossary
Nature advance online publication 23 July 2009 | doi:10.1038/nature08267; Received 9 January 2009; Accepted 3 July 2009; Published online 23 July 2009 Xiao-yang Zhao iPS cells produce viable mice through tetraploid complementationnear-final version
"Here we report the generation of several iPS cell lines that are capable of generating viable, live-born progeny by tetraploid complementation. These iPS cells maintain a pluripotent potential that is very close to ES cells generated from in vivo or nuclear transfer embryos. We demonstrate the practicality of using iPS cells as useful tools for the characterization of cellular reprogramming and developmental potency, and confirm that iPS cells can attain true pluripotency that is similar to that of ES cells."
Conrad S, Renninger M, Hennenlotter J, Wiesner T, Just L, Bonin M, Aicher W, Bühring HJ, Mattheus U, Mack A, Wagner HJ, Minger S, Matzkies M, Reppel M, Hescheler J, Sievert KD, Stenzl A, Skutella T. Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult human testis. Nature. 2008 Oct 8.
Wong CE, Paratore C, Dours-Zimmermann MT, Rochat A, Pietri T, Suter U, Zimmermann DR, Dufour S, Thiery JP, Meijer D, Beermann F, Barrandon Y, Sommer L. Neural crest-derived cells with stem cell features can be traced back to multiple lineages in the adult skin. J Cell Biol. 2006 Dec 11
M. Sieber-Blum, M. Grim, Y.F. Hu, V. Szeder Pluripotent neural crest stem cells in the adult hair follicle. Dev Dyn. 2004 Oct;231(2):258-69.
(iPS cell) A reprogrammed adult stem cell to form an embryonic stem cell, from which tissues or whole animals can develop. Can be generated by the expression of just four specific transcription factors.
Links: Nature Jul09 | ABC - Mice pups bred from adult stem cells
M. Sieber-Blum, M. Grim, Y.F. Hu, V. Szeder Pluripotent neural crest stem cells in the adult hair follicle. Dev Dyn. 2004 Oct;231(2):258-69.
Dental pulp stem/stromal cell (DPSC) are similar to bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hBMSCs) in the expression pattern of cell surface markers and their pluripotent differentiation capability.
Huang AH, Snyder BR, Cheng PH, Chan AW.
Putative dental pulp-derived stem/stromal cells promote proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural cells in the hippocampus of mice.
Stem Cells. 2008 Oct;26(10):2654-63. Epub 2008 Aug 7.
PMID: 18687995
Munoz JR, Stoutenger BR, Robinson AP, Spees JL, Prockop DJ.
Human stem/progenitor cells from bone marrow promote neurogenesis of endogenous neural stem cells in the hippocampus of mice.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Dec 13;102(50):18171-6. Epub 2005 Dec 5. Erratum in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Feb 7;103(6):2000-2.
PMID: 16330757
Gronthos S, Brahim J, Li W, Fisher LW, Cherman N, Boyde A, DenBesten P, Robey PG, Shi S.
Stem cell properties of human dental pulp stem cells.
J Dent Res. 2002 Aug;81(8):531-5.
PMID: 12147742
Links: Reviews | Articles | Online Textbooks | Search Textbooks | Search PubMed | Glossary
Moraleda JM, Blanquer M, Bleda P, Iniesta P, Ruiz F, Bonilla S, Cabanes C, Tabares L, Martinez S. Adult stem cell therapy: dream or reality? Transpl Immunol. 2006 Dec;17(1):74-7.
Serafini M, Verfaillie CM. Pluripotency in adult stem cells: state of the art. Semin Reprod Med. 2006 Nov;24(5):379-88.
Pessina A, Gribaldo L. The key role of adult stem cells: therapeutic perspectives. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006 Nov;22(11):2287-300.
Ross JJ, Verfaillie CM. Evaluation of neural plasticity in adult stem cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2007 Feb 5;
Prentice DA, Tarne G. Treating diseases with adult stem cells. Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):328.
Search PubMed: Feb 2007 "adult stem cells" 811 reference articles of which 367 were reviews.
Search PubMed Now: adult stem cells | induced pluripotent stem cell |
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Page under development (notice removed when complete).
The term "stem cell" is now used widely to cover many different cells derived from both embryo and adult tissues.
Breakthroughs in stem cell research appear frequently in the news, governments legislate about research, origin and use, community groups argue the ethics of human stem cells, individuals seek answers for fertility and disease.
With so many levels this area of embryology has become extremely complex. This current page looks only at the embryonic stage related to the origin of first stem cells which will go on to form the entire embryo.
I include links to recent news (see also Embryology News) items and sites which cover the research behind the stem cell "phenomena".
There is still controversy over the use of excess IVF embryos as a source of stem cells (More? see Stem Cell Debate in Australia) for research as apposed to the possibility of getting some stem cells from adult tissues. The debate at present is on focusses on the social, legal and ethical use of stem cells. (More? Week 2 Stem Cells | Cloning)
Please note that this is a very long page with information and links on embryonic stem cells.
Please email Dr Mark Hill if you wish to make a comment about this current project.