Talk:BGD Lecture - Endocrine Development
From Embryology
Introduction
Endocrinology - An Integrated Approach=
Stephen Nussey and Saffron Whitehead.
St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers; 2001. ISBN-10: 1-85996-252-1
Copyright © 2001, BIOS Scientific Publishers Limited.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22/
Chapter 1. Principles of endocrinology
[">Chapter 1. Principles of endocrinology]
- [">Functions of hormones and their regulation]
- [">Chemical signalling - endocrine, paracrine, autocrine and intracrine mechanisms]
- [">Chemical classification of hormones and their synthesis]
- [">Hormone synthesis]
- [">Transport of hormones in the circulation and their half-lives]
- [">Hormone receptors - cell surface]
- [">Hormone receptors - intracellular]
- [">Hormones and gene transcription]
- [">Hormone receptor regulation]
- [">Neuroendocrine interactions]
- [">Hormones and the immune system]
- [">Hormones, growth promotion and malignancy]
- [">Genes, mutations and endocrine function]
- [">Clinical evaluation of endocrine disorders]
Chapter 2. The endocrine pancreas
[">Chapter 2. The endocrine pancreas]
- [">Glucose turnover]
- [">Anabolic and catabolic phases of glucose metabolism]
- [">Actions of insulin and glucagon]
- [">Lipid metabolism - insulinopenia and diabetic ketosis]
- [">Protein metabolism and the anabolic actions of insulin]
- [">Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus]
- [">Etiology of type 1 DM]
- [">Prevention of type 1 DM]
- [">Structure, synthesis and metabolism of insulin and glucagon]
- [">Anatomical features of pancreatic islets in relation to hormone secretion and its control]
- [">Control of insulin and glucagon secretion]
- [">Type 2 DM]
- [">Causes of DM]
- [">Genetic disorders of β-cell function]
- [">Counter-regulatory hormones and DM]
- [">Complications of DM]
- [">Macrovascular circulatory changes]
- [">Microvascular changes - diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy]
- [">Diabetes and the neuropathic foot]
- [">Diabetes and insulin resistance of pregnancy]
- [">Development of the pancreas: effects of DM on organogenesis]
- [">Treatment of DM - rationale and practical considerations]
- [">Hypoglycemia]
- [">Physiological responses to hypoglycemia and its treatment]
- [">Hypoglycemia and insulinoma]
- [">Hypoglycemia in infancy]
- [">Disorders of the α, γ and PP cells of the islets]
- [">Clinical case questions]
Chapter 3. The thyroid gland
[">Chapter 3. The thyroid gland]
- [">Iodine intake]
- [">Anatomical features of the thyroid gland]
- [">Iodine trapping and thyroid function]
- [">Synthesis of thyroid hormones]
- [">Actions of thyroid hormones]
- [">Control of thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion]
- [">Hyperthyroidism — Graves' disease]
- [">Surgical anatomy and embryology of the thyroid gland]
- [">Primary hypothyroidism — Hashimoto's disease and myxedema]
- [">Secondary hypothyroidism]
- [">Hypothyroidism in infancy and childhood]
- [">Thyroid hormone resistance]
- [">Non-thyroid illness (‘sick euthyroid’ syndrome)]
- [">Transport and metabolism of thyroid hormones]
- [">Biochemical measurements of thyroid hormone status]
- [">Thyroid growth]
- [">Nodular thyroid disease]
- [">Thyroid cancer]
- [">Clinical case questions]
Chapter 4. The adrenal gland
[">Chapter 4. The adrenal gland]
- [">Specificity of the biological effects of adrenal steroid hormones]
- [">Cholesterol and steroid synthesis in the adrenal cortex]
- [">Anatomical and functional zonation in the adrenal cortex]
- [">Glucocorticoid receptors]
- [">Actions of glucocorticoids and clinical features of Cushing's syndrome]
- [">Adrenal cortical androgens]
- [">Hypothalamic control of adrenocortical steroid synthesis - CRH and vasopressin]
- [">Pituitary control of adrenocortical steroids - ACTH]
- [">Feedback control of glucocorticoids]
- [">Excess glucocorticoids: biochemical investigation of Cushing's syndrome]
- [">Measurements of cortisol in blood, urine and saliva]
- [">Dynamic tests of endocrine function]
- [">Imaging the adrenal gland]
- [">Treatment of Cushing's syndrome]
- [">Nelson's syndrome]
- [">Excess adrenal androgens - congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)]
- [">Deficiency of adrenocortical secretions - Addison's disease]
- [">Aldosterone and the control of salt and water balance]
- [">Transport and metabolism of adrenocortical steroids]
- [">Selective mineralocorticoid excess and deficiency]
- [">The adrenal medulla and pheochromocytoma]
- [">Catecholamine synthesis and secretion]
- [">Diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytomas]
- [">Clinical case questions]
Chapter 5. The parathyroid glands and vitamin D
[">Chapter 5. The parathyroid glands and vitamin D]
- [">Calcium and phosphate in serum and its measurement]
- [">Intracellular calcium concentration]
- [">Calcium and phosphate balance]
- [">Hormonal control of serum Ca2+ and Pi concentrations]
- [">Sources, metabolism and transport of vitamin D]
- [">Classical actions of vitamin D on intestine and bone]
- [">Parathyroid glands and PTH synthesis]
- [">Control of PTH secretion]
- [">Actions of PTH]
- [">Hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism]
- [">Hyperparathyroidism and multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)]
- [">Hypercalcemia and vitamin D excess]
- [">Hypercalcemia and malignancy]
- [">Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrp)]
- [">Treatment of hypercalcemia]
- [">Mutations of the Ca2+ or PTH receptors]
- [">Hypocalcemia and its treatment]
- [">Pseudohypoparathyroidism]
- [">Vitamin D deficiency]
- [">Non-classical actions of vitamin D]
- [">Vitamin D resistance and rickets]
- [">Hormones and the skeleton]
- [">Structure, formation and function of bone]
- [">Osteoporosis]
- [">Paget's disease (osteitis deformans)]
- [">Calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide]
- [">Clinical case questions]
Chapter 6. The gonad
- [">Genetic determination of sexual differentiation]
- [">Sexual differentiation of the gonads and internal reproductive tracts]
- [">Sexual differentiation of the external genitalia]
- [">Control of steroid production in the fetal gonads]
- [">Puberty]
- [">GnRH and the control of gonadotrophin synthesis and secretion]
- [">The gonadotrophins - LH and FSH - and their actions]
- [">Endocrine changes in puberty]
- [">Precocious sexual development]
- [">Delayed puberty]
- [">Premature adrenarche]
- [">Acne, hair growth and hirsutism]
- [">The breast - premature development, hypoplasia and gynecomastia]
- [">Testicular function]
- [">Control of testicular function]
- [">Transport, metabolism and actions of androgens]
- [">Spermatogenesis]
- [">Erection and ejaculation]
- [">Ovarian control and the menstrual cycle]
- [">Transport, metabolism and actions of ovarian steroids]
- [">The ovary - folliculogenesis and oogenesis]
- [">Non-steroidal factors in the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis]
- [">Ovulation, menstruation and its problems]
- [">Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)]
- [">Contraception]
- [">Infertility]
- [">Ovulation induction and assisted conception]
- [">Ovarian failure, the menopause and andropause]
- [">Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS)]
- [">Clinical case questions]
Chapter 7. The pituitary gland
[">Chapter 7. The pituitary gland]
- [">Anatomical and functional connections of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis]
- [">Embryology of the pituitary gland]
- [">Craniopharyngioma]
- [">Blood supply of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis]
- [">Sheehan's syndrome]
- [">Growth and somatotrophin deficiency]
- [">Growth hormone - secretory patterns and control]
- [">Actions of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors]
- [">GH replacement therapy]
- [">GH excess - gigantism and acromegaly]
- [">Pituitary adenomas - incidence and treatment]
- [">Prolactinomas]
- [">Prolactin and its control]
- [">Circadian rhythms and the suprachiasmatic nucleus]
- [">The pineal gland and melatonin]
- [">Autonomic functions of the hypothalamus]
- [">Obesity]
- [">The neural lobe of the pituitary gland - AVP and oxytocin]
- [">Clinical case questions]