User:Z3416054
Hi there Just giving the editor a good old test run. Test student 2015
Lab Attendance
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- 2015 Course: Week 2 Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lab 1 | Week 3 Lecture 3 Lecture 4 Lab 2 | Week 4 Lecture 5 Lecture 6 Lab 3 | Week 5 Lecture 7 Lecture 8 Lab 4 | Week 6 Lecture 9 Lecture 10 Lab 5 | Week 7 Lecture 11 Lecture 12 Lab 6 | Week 8 Lecture 13 Lecture 14 Lab 7 | Week 9 Lecture 15 Lecture 16 Lab 8 | Week 10 Lecture 17 Lecture 18 Lab 9 | Week 11 Lecture 19 Lecture 20 Lab 10 | Week 12 Lecture 21 Lecture 22 Lab 11 | Week 13 Lecture 23 Lecture 24 Lab 12 | 2015 Projects: Three Person Embryos | Ovarian Hyper-stimulation Syndrome | Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome | Male Infertility | Oncofertility | Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis | Students | Student Designed Quiz Questions | Moodle page
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--Z3416054 (talk) 13:45, 7 August 2015 (AEST) --Mark Hill (talk) 10:47, 6 August 2015 (AEST) Thanks for setting up your page. We will be talking more about this in the Practical on Friday. --Z3416054 (talk) 14:06, 14 August 2015 (AEST) --Z3416054 (talk) 13:57, 21 August 2015 (AEST) --Z3416054 (talk) 12:22, 28 August 2015 (AEST) --Z3416054 (talk) 13:20, 4 September 2015 (AEST) --Z3416054 (talk) 13:18, 11 September 2015 (AEST) --Z3416054 (talk) 13:10, 25 September 2015 (AEST)
Picture Tutorial
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First Read the help page Images and Copyright Tutorial.
Students cannot delete images once uploaded. You will need to email me with the full image name and request deletion, that I am happy to do with no penalty if done before I assess. Non-Table version of this page
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Lab 1 Assessment
Article 1
This research article aimed to determine the clinical outcomes following IVF (in vitro fertilisation) and embryo transfer treatments in subjects suffering from the sexually transmitted disease syphilis. The clinical outcomes mentioned are the rates of pregnancy and health of newborns following treatment via IVF. Couples engaged in sexual intercourse over 12 months without the use of contraception and who failed to conceive were deemed as being infertile.
The subjects were divided into two groups based on serology results, a syphilis infected group and a control group, each with 160 individuals, giving a total of 320 subjects. The Syphilis infected group was further divided into three subcategories, a male infected group, a female infected group and a couple (male and female) infected group. Penicillin G20 (an anti-syphilis treatment) was given to the individuals in the syphilis group. IVF treatment commenced one month proceeding the disappearance of clinical syphilis symptoms or if test results gave a negative result for syphilis infection.
The results of this experiment revealed no significant differences in regards to the basal FSH and LH of both the control and syphilis groups. However, the thickness of the endometrium differed greatly, with the syphilis group demonstrating a thicker endometrial wall (16.9±5.4mm) compared to the control group (13.0±4.7mm). Further differences were noted in blastocyst implantation rates, with the syphilis group having less successful implantations compared to the control (24.2% vs. 34.4% respectively).Normal oocyte cleavage differed between the two groups with the syphilis group demonstrating less normal oocyte cleavage compared to the control group (6.3±4.7 vs. 8.1±4.6). Furthermore, the clinical pregnancy rates of the syphilis group stood at 43.8% compared to 55.6% of the control group.
Syphilis infection appeared to have a significant impact on the success and clinical outcomes of IVF. Syphilis associated pelvic inflammatory disease can lead to an increase in the thickness of the endometrium, which can adversely affect blastocyte implantation and endometrial receptivity. Successful pregnancy rates typically correlate with an endometrial thickness of 7-14mm, with any thickness beyond 14mm often corresponding with decreased clinical pregnancies. Rates of clinical pregnancy and miscarriage rates did not differ between the three syphilis subgroups. Conception involving a male infected partner was associated with a shorter gestational period and decreased offspring birth weight, when compared to the female infected and couple infected subgroups. No explanation for this phenomenon was provided.
PMID 26208116
Article 1 Reference: <pubmed>PMC4514756</pubmed>
Article 2
The effects of oxygen levels on factors such as cleavage, implantation and pregnancy rates in IVF cultured embryos was the primary focus of this article. Women between the ages of 20-48 who were seeking treatment for infertility were utilised in this experiment. Gametes were allocated to be incubated in one of three environments, each with a different oxygen concentration. The first group was placed in an atmosphere with an oxygen concentration of 20%. The second group rested in a 20% oxygen environment for a day before being moved to a 5% oxygen, 5% carbon dioxide and 90% nitrogen atmosphere. The third group consisted of a 5% carbon dioxide, 5% oxygen and 90% nitrogen atmosphere. The gametes (spermatozoa and oocytes) were incubated together in their respective environmental conditions for 4-6 hours after which fertilisation is presumed to have occurred.
Successful embryos were transferred at Day 3 cleavage. A biochemical analysis of HCG validated pregnancy, whilst ultrasound was used to confirm the presence of a heartbeat 28 days following the transfer. IVF fertilisation rates were calculated as being the number of fertilised oocytes over the number of oocytes inseminated. Cleavage rates were characterised by the number of blastomeres over the number of fertilised and abortion rate by the amount of miscarriages divided by the number of transfers.
The research article concluded that the embryos from the 5% oxygen group had the highest rates of fertilisation and implantation. The 20% oxygen group had the second highest rates of fertilisation and maintained excellent embryo quality, whilst the 20% to 5% group had the lowest rates overall. Abortion and miscarriage rates did not differ at all between the three groups. The group incubated at 5% oxygen demonstrated higher quality embryos and increased rates of pregnancy when compared to the 20% oxygen group. The article concludes that implantation, pregnancy and embryo quality can be somewhat affected by a set oxygen concentration, but are affected adversely by a shift from one concentration to another. Shifting from one oxygen concentration to another appeared to have an adverse effect on the cleavage of the embryo and would likely impact future development and the overall success of the IVF treatment.
PMID 26131222
Article 2 Reference: <pubmed>PMC4483955</pubmed>
--Mark Hill (talk) 11:40, 17 September 2015 (AEST) These are quite good descriptions of these 2 articles. (5/5)
Lab 2 Assessment
Image Reference
Jianjun Sun, Allan C Spradling Ovulation in Drosophila is controlled by secretory cells of the female reproductive tract. Elife: 2013, 2;e00415 PubMed 23599892
PMID 23599892
--Mark Hill (talk) 11:40, 17 September 2015 (AEST) Image uploaded and named correctly. All reference, copyright and student image template included. You might have included in the summary box an explanation to the terms that appear in the image as there is no way for the reader to interpret what is shown in each panel. (5/5)
Lab 3 Assessment
Causes
The Genetics of Infertility: Current Status of the Field
<pubmed>PMC3885174</pubmed> This article attempted to determine the role that genetics plays in female infertility. It was noted that several prominent causes of female infertility such as Galactosemia and Primary Ovarian Failure (POF) were associated with specific genes, with the GALT gene contributing to the former condition and the FMR1 gene contributing to the latter.
Causes of Sterility in Bosnia-Herzegovina Population
<pubmed>PMC4499307</pubmed> The study conducted as laid out in this article examined the causes of female sterility in the Bosnia-Herzegovina population. Married participants were arranged into various groups based upon their age. The experiment came to the conclusion that in approximately 42% of infertile married couples, female sterility was the primary cause. The two primary causes of female infertility were tubal deficiencies (31% of cases) and Diminished Ovarian Reserves (38% of cases)
Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of polycystic ovary syndrome
<pubmed>PMC3872139</pubmed> This research article examines the causes of polycystic ovary syndrome (POS), a common cause of infertility in women. The article concluded that 50-70% of women suffer from insulin resistance secondary to Type 2 Diabetes and in many cases obseity, which may contribute partially to POS. Furthermore, 85-90% of women with oligomenorrhea also had POS, suggesting that it is an underlying cause. However, the exact pathophysiology of POS was not determined.
References
PMID 26244658
--Mark Hill (talk) 11:40, 17 September 2015 (AEST) These papers relate to your group project, I hope they are useful for the final submission. (5/5)
Lab 4 Assessment
Quiz
--Mark Hill (talk) 11:50, 17 September 2015 (AEST) No descriptive title to your questions. Q1 relates to the timing of villi development. These types of questions encourage "student guessing" and you could have given a more detailed explanation and links to resources in your revealed answer e.g. Placenta - Villi Development. Q2 is a reasonable question, but only requiring the student only to know that Epidermal Skin Cells are from ectoderm. Once again it is your revealed answer that needs more work. Q3 is a little easy, as long as you know Spermatogonia are the diploid start cell you can quickly exclude most options, need more work. (8/10)
ANAT2341 Student 2015 Quiz Questions
Lab 5 Assessment
Gastroschisis and Omphalocele
Gastroschisis is classified as a full thickness cleft found in the abdominal wall, adjacent to the site of insertion of the umbilical cord. The defining features of this abnormality is the absence of a membranous sac shrouding the intestines. As a result of this the intestines will become eviscerated, thereby protruding out of the abdominal wall and will be on the exterior, rather than the interior of the body. It is believed that disruption to the vascular supply of the right abdominal wall is the primary gass of gastroschisis. [1]
Omphalocele is an abnormality characterised by the herniation of visceral organs such as the intestines, liver and spleen outside of the abdominal cavity. The visceral organs are enclosed in a membranous sac, into which the umbilical cord is inserted. [2]
The primary difference between gastroschisis and omphalocele lies in the presence of a membraneous sac and the exact organs herniating from the abdominal wall. Gastroschisis involves the intestines protruding to the outside of the body but are not covered by a membranous sac. Omphalocele however is characterised by the protrusion of multiple visceral organs (liver, spleen etc.) which are enclosed within a membranous. Furthermore, the size of both abnormalities differs greatly, with gastroschisis typically being 2-5 cm in size whilst omphalocele can vary between 2-15cm. [3]
--Mark Hill (talk) 11:50, 17 September 2015 (AEST) This is an adequate description of the differences between these conditions. (5/5)
Lab 7 Assessment
1: This research paper aimed to examine the relationship between fetal adrenal cells and the differentiated adrenal cortex. In particular, research was focussed upon possible pregenitor cells involved in maintenance of the adrenal cortex. It was hypothesised that the the most likely precursor cells of the adult cortex were the 'Glil' expressing cells found in the adrenal capsule. A number of mice adrenal glands were taken, treated with antigen retrieval solution, after which fluorescence microscopy was conducted.
The results of the paper concluded that 'Glil' expressing descendants of fetal adrenal cells are the pregenitors of the differentiated adrenal cortex. Furthermore, it was found that the 'Glil' expressing cells oringinated from 'FAdE-Cre' expressing fetal adrenal cells. Thus the authors of this research article came to the conclusion that 'Glil' expressing cells found in the adrenal cortex play an important role in the development, differentiation and maintenance of the adrenal cortex. [4]
2: A number of embryonic layers and tissues contribute to the development of teeth. The primary contributing layers are mesoderm, ectoderm and neural crest ectomesenchyme. Furthermore, neural crest may contribute through interactions with the ectoderm. Odontoblasts originate from neural crest derived mesenchymal cells and are responsible for forming predentin which calificies to create dentin (which forms the bulk of the tooth). Ameloblasts are responsible for the production of enamel, which provides teeth with the hardness required to engage in mastication.
Peer Assessment
Look at this!<ref><pubmed>26244658</pubmed>