K12 Human and Other Animal Development: Difference between revisions
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Latest revision as of 11:04, 5 September 2016
Embryology - 14 Jun 2024 Expand to Translate |
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K12 Professional Development 2016
Introduction
All human and animal embryos go through very similar stages of early development.
The major difference appears to be how long it takes to reach each of these same stages. We now also know that many of the underlying signals that regulate development are the same between these different species. This page will introduce how we can compare the development of different animal embryos.
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Click Here to play on mobile device This movie shows human embryo development between week 3 to 8 after fertilisation. |
Human Carnegie Stages
Exercise 1 - Embryo Size | |
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How big is the human embryo? Download and Print the Worksheet
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Week 4 to 5
This is what the human embryo looks like at the end of week 4 and the beginning of week 5 development (called Carnegie stage 13) about half way through embryonic development.
Measuring embryo size (Crown Rump Length) | Surface bulges (internal and external development) |
- Links: Carnegie Stages
Species Comparison of Carnegie Stages
This table shows a comparison between different animal embryos and human embryos using the same staging criteria. Note that researchers have also developed embryo staging criteria that is specific to a single species.
Exercise 2 - Embryo Stages Comparison | |
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How long do different species take to reach the same stage of development? Download and Print the Worksheet
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Human and Mouse Embryo
The images below show a human and mouse embryo that appear externally close to the same stage of development.
- Would you know which was which without the labels?
Human
37 - 42 days, Week 6, 8 - 11 mm CRL (Carnegie stage 16)
Mouse
11.5 days, Week 2, 6 - 7 mm CRL (Theiler Stage 19)
Exercise 3 - Embryo Comparison | |
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What features do different embryos share? Download and Print the Worksheet
The images below show the 4 views of the same embryo at about the same external stage of development.
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Early Development
Limb Comparative Anatomy
This cartoon shows the comparative anatomy of bones within the upper limb of 4 different species.
Each limb is significantly different in size and function, but all contain the same basic skeletal structures.
Animal Development
The table below lists the approximate development time for a large number of different animals, ranging from the opossum at 12 days to the elephant at 660 days.
Animal Development Time | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Animal Notes and Table Data Sources
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Teacher Note | |
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Currently only a series of related images.
I am writing explanatory notes and associated exercises for this section when I have some spare time. You can also let your students look at the animal pages designed by my students back in 2009. Each page includes images of the embryos and a timeline of development for each animal embryo. These are university undergraduate student designed pages describing the development of specific animal embryos.
ANAT2341 group projectsProject 1 - Rabbit | Project 2 - Fly | Project 3 - Zebrafish | Group Project 4 - Mouse | Project 5 - Frog | Students Page | Animal Development |
Teacher Note | ||||||
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Comparative Embryology - Links out to other resources.
K12 Student worksheetsThese worksheets have been designed as short teaching exercises that can be downloaded and printed (PDF version) or modified by the teacher (Word version) for use in class. Biology curriculum may vary between classes, state and country as a Teacher please check the materials closely before using for teaching purposes.
Worksheets Word: Comparative Embryology - Embryo Size | Embryo Stages | Embryo Species
Additional worksheets are currently being developed. These links below are not yet organised in a way that students can easily use (content level and navigation) bookmark this current page or use the browser back button. Look through the stages and tables and think about designing exercises comparing the different species.
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Developmental Misconceptions
Many of these are truely historic, and while essentially wrong, science works through testing these alternate theories, and is some cases some can even be partially correct.
Preformationist Theory | |
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N. Hartsoeker (1694) image of how he imagined a sperm would look if it contained a preformed individual.
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Recapitulation Theory |
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Ernst Haeckel (1834 – 1919) "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" claimed that an individual organism's biological development (ontogeny), parallels and summarises its species evolutionary development (phylogeny). First a single-celled organism, then evolve into a fish, then an amphibian, then a reptile, then a bird, and finally reach a mammal.
Current developmental biology shows that animals follow similar developmental programs, but do not go through a "species change" during development. |
Ovary Germinal Epithelium | |
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The epithelium surrounding the ovary was originally thought to provide the source of follicles and oocytes and therefore called the "germinal epithelium".
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Genetic Theory | |
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Genetics - "genes determine our physiology and chemical behaviour".
While genetics is essentially correct, we now know that inheritance mechanisms exist outside the DNA sequence of our genes and include DNA methylation, histone modification, and those of the microRNA machinery. |
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 14) Embryology K12 Human and Other Animal Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/K12_Human_and_Other_Animal_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G