Talk:BGD Lecture - Endocrine Development

Introduction

| original Endocrine page

Endocrinology - An Integrated Approach=

Stephen Nussey and Saffron Whitehead.

St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers; 2001. ISBN-10: 1-85996-252-1

Copyright © 2001, BIOS Scientific Publishers Limited.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22/

[">Preface]

Chapter 1. Principles of endocrinology

[">Chapter 1. Principles of endocrinology]

• [">Functions of hormones and their regulation]
• [">Chemical signalling - endocrine, paracrine, autocrine and intracrine mechanisms]
• [">Chemical classification of hormones and their synthesis]
• [">Hormone synthesis]
• [">Transport of hormones in the circulation and their half-lives]
• [">Hormone receptors - cell surface]
• [">Hormone receptors - intracellular]
• [">Hormones and gene transcription]
• [">Hormone receptor regulation]
• [">Neuroendocrine interactions]
• [">Hormones and the immune system]
• [">Hormones, growth promotion and malignancy]
• [">Genes, mutations and endocrine function]
• [">Clinical evaluation of endocrine disorders]

Chapter 2. The endocrine pancreas

[">Chapter 2. The endocrine pancreas]

• [">Glucose turnover]
• [">Anabolic and catabolic phases of glucose metabolism]
• [">Actions of insulin and glucagon]
• [">Lipid metabolism - insulinopenia and diabetic ketosis]
• [">Protein metabolism and the anabolic actions of insulin]
• [">Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus]
• [">Etiology of type 1 DM]
• [">Prevention of type 1 DM]
• [">Structure, synthesis and metabolism of insulin and glucagon]
• [">Anatomical features of pancreatic islets in relation to hormone secretion and its control]
• [">Control of insulin and glucagon secretion]
• [">Type 2 DM]
• [">Causes of DM]
• [">Genetic disorders of β-cell function]
• [">Counter-regulatory hormones and DM]
• [">Complications of DM]
• [">Macrovascular circulatory changes]
• [">Microvascular changes - diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy]
• [">Diabetes and the neuropathic foot]
• [">Diabetes and insulin resistance of pregnancy]
• [">Development of the pancreas: effects of DM on organogenesis]
• [">Treatment of DM - rationale and practical considerations]
• [">Hypoglycemia]
• [">Physiological responses to hypoglycemia and its treatment]
• [">Hypoglycemia and insulinoma]
• [">Hypoglycemia in infancy]
• [">Disorders of the α, γ and PP cells of the islets]
• [">Clinical case questions]

Chapter 3. The thyroid gland

[">Chapter 3. The thyroid gland]

• [">Iodine intake]
• [">Anatomical features of the thyroid gland]
• [">Iodine trapping and thyroid function]
• [">Synthesis of thyroid hormones]
• [">Actions of thyroid hormones]
• [">Control of thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion]
• [">Hyperthyroidism — Graves' disease]
• [">Surgical anatomy and embryology of the thyroid gland]
• [">Primary hypothyroidism — Hashimoto's disease and myxedema]
• [">Secondary hypothyroidism]
• [">Hypothyroidism in infancy and childhood]
• [">Thyroid hormone resistance]
• [">Non-thyroid illness (‘sick euthyroid’ syndrome)]
• [">Transport and metabolism of thyroid hormones]
• [">Biochemical measurements of thyroid hormone status]
• [">Thyroid growth]
• [">Nodular thyroid disease]
• [">Thyroid cancer]
• [">Clinical case questions]

Chapter 4. The adrenal gland

[">Chapter 4. The adrenal gland]

• [">Specificity of the biological effects of adrenal steroid hormones]
• [">Cholesterol and steroid synthesis in the adrenal cortex]
• [">Anatomical and functional zonation in the adrenal cortex]
• [">Glucocorticoid receptors]
• [">Actions of glucocorticoids and clinical features of Cushing's syndrome]
• [">Adrenal cortical androgens]
• [">Hypothalamic control of adrenocortical steroid synthesis - CRH and vasopressin]
• [">Pituitary control of adrenocortical steroids - ACTH]
• [">Feedback control of glucocorticoids]
• [">Excess glucocorticoids: biochemical investigation of Cushing's syndrome]
• [">Measurements of cortisol in blood, urine and saliva]
• [">Dynamic tests of endocrine function]
• [">Imaging the adrenal gland]
• [">Treatment of Cushing's syndrome]
• [">Nelson's syndrome]
• [">Excess adrenal androgens - congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)]
• [">Deficiency of adrenocortical secretions - Addison's disease]
• [">Aldosterone and the control of salt and water balance]
• [">Transport and metabolism of adrenocortical steroids]
• [">Selective mineralocorticoid excess and deficiency]
• [">The adrenal medulla and pheochromocytoma]
• [">Catecholamine synthesis and secretion]
• [">Diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytomas]
• [">Clinical case questions]

Chapter 5. The parathyroid glands and vitamin D

[">Chapter 5. The parathyroid glands and vitamin D]

• [">Calcium and phosphate in serum and its measurement]
• [">Intracellular calcium concentration]
• [">Calcium and phosphate balance]
• [">Hormonal control of serum Ca²⁺ and P_i concentrations]
• [">Sources, metabolism and transport of vitamin D]
• [">Classical actions of vitamin D on intestine and bone]
• [">Parathyroid glands and PTH synthesis]
• [">Control of PTH secretion]
• [">Actions of PTH]
• [">Hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism]
• [">Hyperparathyroidism and multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)]
• [">Hypercalcemia and vitamin D excess]
• [">Hypercalcemia and malignancy]
• [">Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrp)]
• [">Treatment of hypercalcemia]
• [">Mutations of the Ca²⁺ or PTH receptors]
• [">Hypocalcemia and its treatment]
• [">Pseudohypoparathyroidism]
• [">Vitamin D deficiency]
• [">Non-classical actions of vitamin D]
• [">Vitamin D resistance and rickets]
• [">Hormones and the skeleton]
• [">Structure, formation and function of bone]
• [">Osteoporosis]
• [">Paget's disease (osteitis deformans)]
• [">Calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide]
• [">Clinical case questions]

Chapter 6. The gonad

[">Chapter 6. The gonad]

• [">Genetic determination of sexual differentiation]
• [">Sexual differentiation of the gonads and internal reproductive tracts]
• [">Sexual differentiation of the external genitalia]
• [">Control of steroid production in the fetal gonads]
• [">Puberty]
• [">GnRH and the control of gonadotrophin synthesis and secretion]
• [">The gonadotrophins - LH and FSH - and their actions]
• [">Endocrine changes in puberty]
• [">Precocious sexual development]
• [">Delayed puberty]
• [">Premature adrenarche]
• [">Acne, hair growth and hirsutism]
• [">The breast - premature development, hypoplasia and gynecomastia]
• [">Testicular function]
• [">Control of testicular function]
• [">Transport, metabolism and actions of androgens]
• [">Spermatogenesis]
• [">Erection and ejaculation]
• [">Ovarian control and the menstrual cycle]
• [">Transport, metabolism and actions of ovarian steroids]
• [">The ovary - folliculogenesis and oogenesis]
• [">Non-steroidal factors in the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis]
• [">Ovulation, menstruation and its problems]
• [">Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)]
• [">Contraception]
• [">Infertility]
• [">Ovulation induction and assisted conception]
• [">Ovarian failure, the menopause and andropause]
• [">Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS)]
• [">Clinical case questions]

Chapter 7. The pituitary gland

[">Chapter 7. The pituitary gland]

• [">Anatomical and functional connections of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis]
• [">Embryology of the pituitary gland]
• [">Craniopharyngioma]
• [">Blood supply of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis]
• [">Sheehan's syndrome]
• [">Growth and somatotrophin deficiency]
• [">Growth hormone - secretory patterns and control]
• [">Actions of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors]
• [">GH replacement therapy]
• [">GH excess - gigantism and acromegaly]
• [">Pituitary adenomas - incidence and treatment]
• [">Prolactinomas]
• [">Prolactin and its control]
• [">Circadian rhythms and the suprachiasmatic nucleus]
• [">The pineal gland and melatonin]
• [">Autonomic functions of the hypothalamus]
• [">Obesity]
• [">The neural lobe of the pituitary gland - AVP and oxytocin]
• [">Clinical case questions]

Chapter 8. Cardiovascular and renal endocrinology

[">Chapter 8. Cardiovascular and renal endocrinology]

• [">Endocrinology of heart failure]
• [">Paracrine and autocrine regulation of blood pressure: the endocrinology of sepsis]
• [">Hormones and blood cell production - erythropoietin]
• [">Carcinoid]
• [">Clinical case questions]