Template:Endocrine embryo table: Difference between revisions
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| [[Carnegie stage 15|'''Stage 15''']] | | [[Carnegie stage 15|'''Stage 15''']] | ||
* [[Endocrine - Pineal Development|Epiphysis]] - pineal body is detectable in the roof of the diencephalon (Stadium I of Turkewitsch<ref name=Turkewitsch1933>{{Ref-Turkewitsch1933}}</ref> (O'Rahilly 1968). | * [[Endocrine - Pineal Development|Epiphysis]] - pineal body is detectable in the roof of the diencephalon (Stadium I of Turkewitsch<ref name=Turkewitsch1933>{{Ref-Turkewitsch1933}}</ref> (O'Rahilly 1968). | ||
* [[Endocrine - Thyroid Development|Thyroid]] - thyroid primordium may be detached from the pharyngeal epithelium in some instances. "At about the time" when the thyroglossal duct "becomes broken it loses its lumen" | * [[Endocrine - Thyroid Development|Thyroid]] - thyroid primordium may be detached from the pharyngeal epithelium in some instances. "At about the time" when the thyroglossal duct "becomes broken it loses its lumen".<ref name=Grosser1912>{{Ref-Grosser1912}}</ref> | ||
* Adrenal Cortex - primordium is first recognizable. A new type of cell (C1) from the coelomic epithelium is found in the subjacent mesenchyme. New cells (C2) appear in the medial wall of mesonephric glomeruli and begin to migrate into the suprarenal primordium.<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref> | * Adrenal Cortex - primordium is first recognizable. A new type of cell (C1) from the coelomic epithelium is found in the subjacent mesenchyme. New cells (C2) appear in the medial wall of mesonephric glomeruli and begin to migrate into the suprarenal primordium.<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref><ref name=Jirasek1980>{{Ref-Jirasek1980}}</ref> denies a mesonephric contribution to the suprarenal. | ||
* Adrenal Medulla - all types of cells (M1, M2, and M3) increase in number. From stage 15 to stage 18, the suprarenal primordium is cigar-shaped and extends from segment T6 to segment L1, lateral to the aorta and mesogastrium.<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref> | * Adrenal Medulla - all types of cells (M1, M2, and M3) increase in number. From stage 15 to stage 18, the suprarenal primordium is cigar-shaped and extends from segment T6 to segment L1, lateral to the aorta and mesogastrium.<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref> | ||
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| [[Carnegie stage 16|'''Stage 16''']] (week 6) | | [[Carnegie stage 16|'''Stage 16''']] (week 6) | ||
* [[Endocrine - Pituitary Development|Hypophysis]] - slight indication of the infundibular recess may be seen in some embryos (O'Rahilly 1973 a). | * [[Endocrine - Pituitary Development|Hypophysis]] - slight indication of the infundibular recess may be seen in some embryos (O'Rahilly 1973 a). | ||
* [[Endocrine - Pineal Development|Epiphysis]] - cellular migration in an external direction occurs in the pineal body during stages 16 and 17 (Stadium 2 of Turkewitsch | * [[Endocrine - Pineal Development|Epiphysis]] - cellular migration in an external direction occurs in the pineal body during stages 16 and 17 (Stadium 2 of Turkewitsch<ref name=Turkewitsch1933>{{Ref-Turkewitsch1933}}</ref> (O'Rahilly 1968). | ||
* Thymus - according to Norris (1938), "not until the primordium of the parathyroid [3] has been outlined can the remaining portion of the third pouch be recognized, by exclusion, as the primordium of the endodermal thymus". | * Thymus - according to Norris (1938), "not until the primordium of the parathyroid [3] has been outlined can the remaining portion of the third pouch be recognized, by exclusion, as the primordium of the endodermal thymus". | ||
* [[Endocrine - Parathyroid Development|Parathyroids]] - parathyrogenic zones are closely related to the third and fourth aortic arches at 9 mm (Politzer and Hann 1935, unstaged embryo). Parathyroid 3 is identifiable on the anterior wall of the third pharyngeal pouch (Weller 1933, Fig. 17) and "does not arise from a dorsal lobule" of the pouch (Norris 1937). The "sudden appearance of well-differentiated clear chief cells in the early primordia of the parathyroids" at 9 mm was emphasized by Norris (1937). | * [[Endocrine - Parathyroid Development|Parathyroids]] - parathyrogenic zones are closely related to the third and fourth aortic arches at 9 mm (Politzer and Hann 1935, unstaged embryo). Parathyroid 3 is identifiable on the anterior wall of the third pharyngeal pouch (Weller 1933, Fig. 17) and "does not arise from a dorsal lobule" of the pouch (Norris 1937). The "sudden appearance of well-differentiated clear chief cells in the early primordia of the parathyroids" at 9 mm was emphasized by Norris (1937). |
Revision as of 14:00, 1 November 2016
Human Embryonic Endocrine |
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Data based on data from O'Rahilly (1983).[1] |
Stage 13 (week 4)
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Stage 14 (week 5)
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Stage 15
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Stage 16 (week 6)
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Stage 17
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Stage 18 (week 7)
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Stage 19
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Stage 20 (week 8)
(1938), of migration of and covering by "cells derived from the cervical sinus".
Weller (1933, Fig. 23) showed parathyroid 3 still rostral to parathyroid 4 at 23 mm, whereas (presumably due to variation in the "descent" of the thymus) Norris (1937, Fig. 4) showed parathyroid 3 rostral to, level with, and caudal to parathyroid 4 in embryos of 16-17 mm. |
Stage 21
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Stage 22
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Stage 23
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References
<reference/> |
- ↑ O'Rahilly R. The timing and sequence of events in the development of the human endocrine system during the embryonic period proper. (1983) Anat. Embryol., 166: 439-451. PMID 6869855
- ↑ O'Rahilly R. Developmental Stages in Human Embryos, Including a Survey of the Carnegie Collection. Part A: Embryos of the First Three Weeks (Stages 1 to 9). (1973) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 631. Washington, D.C.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 Weller GL. Development of the thyroid, parathyroid and thymus glands in man. (1933) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 24: 93-139.
- ↑ Politzer G. Zur Abgrenzung des Anlagebegriffes, er6rtert an der Friihentwicklung von Parathyreoidea, Pancreas und Thyreoidea (Delineation of the development of the parathyroids, the pancreas, and the thyroid gland). (1952) Acta Anat 15:68-84.
- ↑ O'Rahilly R. The early development of the hypophysis cerebri in staged human embryos. (1973) Anat Rec 175:511.
- ↑ Politzer G, Hann F. Uber die Emwicklung der branchiogenen Organe beim Menschen (On the development of the branchiogenic organs in humans). (1935) Z Anat Entw Gesctl 104: 671-708.
- ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 Crowder RE. The development of the adrenal gland in man, with special reference to origin and ultimate location of cell types and evidence in favor of the "cell migration" theory. (1957) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 36, 193-210.
- ↑ Odgers PN. Some observations on the development of the ventral pancreas in man. (1930) J. Anat., 65(1): 1-7. PMID 17104298
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Turketwitsch N. Die Entwicklung der Zirbeldrüse des Menschen (The development of the pineal gland in humans). (1933) Morphol Jb 72: 379-445.
- ↑ Grosser O. The development of the pharynx and of the organs of respiration. In: F. Keibel, F.P. Mall (ed) Manual of human embryology. (1912) Philadelphia, Lippincott, pp 446-497.
- ↑ Jirásek JE. Human fetal endocrines. (1980) Martinus Nijhoff Publishers BV, The Hague. Springer
- ↑ Blechschmidt E. Die prdnatalen Organsysteme des Menschen. (1973) Hippokrates, Stuttgart.
- ↑ O'Rahilly R. The development of the epiphysis cerebri and the subcommissural complex in staged human embryos. (1968) Anat. Rec., 160: 488-489.