UNSW Embryo- Development of the Heart and Cardiovascular System.

Selected References

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Note: A Selected List of References

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Articles

  • The Hand1 bHLH transcription factor is essential for placentation and cardiac morphogenesis.
    Riley P, Anson-Cartwright L, Cross JC Nat Genet 1998 Mar 18:3 271-5
    • Abstract The placenta and cardiovascular system are the first organ systems to form during mammalian embryogenesis. We show here that a single gene is critical for development of both. The Hand1 gene, previously called Hxt, eHAND and Thing1, encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that starts to be expressed during pre-implantation development. After implantation, Hand1 expression is restricted to placental trophoblast cells and later to embryonic cardiac and neural crest cells. We generated Hand1-null mutant mice by gene targetting. Homozygous mutant embryos arrested by embryonic day (E) 7.5 of gestation with defects in trophoblast giant cell differentiation. This early mortality could be rescued by aggregation of mutant embryos with wild-type tetraploid embryos, which contribute wild-type cells to the trophoblast, but not the embryo. By E10.5, however, the Hand1-null fetuses derived from tetraploid chimaeras died due to cardiac failure. Their heart tubes showed abnormal looping and ventricular myocardial differentiation. Therefore, Hand1 is essential for differentiation of both trophoblast and cardiomyocytes, which are embryologically distinct cell lineages.

     

  • A molecular pathway revealing a genetic basis for human cardiac and craniofacial defects. Science 1999 Feb 19;283(5405):1158-61 Yamagishi H, Garg V, Matsuoka R, Thomas T, Srivastava D
  • The allocation of epiblast cells to the embryonic heart and other mesodermal lineages: the role of ingression and tissue movement during gastrulation. Development 124:1631-1642 (1997). Tam, P.P.L. et al.
    • Epiblast cells aquire a cardiogenic fate without ingression through the primitive streak or movement within the mesoderm. Allocation of epiblast cells to a mesodermal lineage appears dependent upon the timing of recruitment to the primitive streak. (Mouse)
  • The effect of fetal lung inflation on fetal heart rate. Am J Physiol 1994 Apr;266(4 Pt 2):H1395-400 Nail BS, Lumbers ER, Stevens AD School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. (Sheep)

 

  • Development of the coronary arteries in the embryonic human heart. Hutchins GM, Kessler-Hanna A, Moore GW Circulation 1988 Jun;77(6):1250-7
    • It is not known why the coronary arteries almost always originate only from the right and left aortic sinuses of Valsalva, since the structure and conditions appear to be the same for all six sinuses of the embryonic great arteries. We sought a possible mechanical explanation for the phenomenon by studying the development of the coronary vasculature in 351 staged, serially sectioned human embryos of Carnegie stages 9 through 23 from the Carnegie Embryological Collection. A plexus of blind epicardial capillaries appears on the heart in Carnegie stage 14 or 15 and acquires a coronary sinus connection in stage 15, 16, or 17. The connection of the proximal coronary arteries to the aorta does not appear until stage 18. We found no histologic features of the cardiac nerves or any other component of the tissues to account for the consistent origin of coronary arteries from the right and left aortic sinuses of Valsalva. However, serial section reconstructions showed that the two sinuses where coronary arteries develop acquire a positive transverse curvature and a negative longitudinal curvature, i.e., a catenoidal or saddle-shaped configuration, before the appearance of the coronary arteries. The four noncoronary sinuses also have a positive transverse curvature, but longitudinally, in contrast, they have a positive curvature or are straight. The results suggest that the coronary arteries originate from those sinuses of Valsalva where wall tension is increased by a catenoidal configuration. PMID: 3286038, UI: 88223706


Reviews

  • Fashioning the vertebrate heart: earliest embryonic decisions. Development 124:2099-2117 (1997) M.C. Fishman and M.C. Chien.
  • Molecular pathways controlling heart development. Science 1996 May 3;272(5262):671-6 Olson EN, Srivastava D
  • Heart development in Drosophila and vertebrates: conservation of molecular mechanisms. Dev Genet 1998;22(3):181-6 Bodmer R, Venkatesh TV
  • Role of cardiac neural crest cells in cardiovascular development. Annu Rev Physiol 1998;60:267-86 Creazzo TL, Godt RE, Leatherbury L, Conway SJ, Kirby ML
  • Homeobox genes in cardiovascular development. Curr Top Dev Biol 1998;40:1-44 Patterson KD, Cleaver O, Gerber WV, Grow MW, Newman CS, Krieg PA


Books

  • Heart Development Richard P. Harvey and Nadia Rosenthal, Eds. Academic, San Diego, 1999. 550 pp. $US159.95. ISBN 0-12-329860-1. Richard P. Harvey and Nadia Rosenthal, Eds.