Bovine (taxon- Bos taurus) development is studied extensively due to the commercial applications of cattle both for milk and meat production.
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Brandao DO, Maddox-Hyttel P, Lovendahl P, Rumpf R, Stringfellow D, Callesen H. Post hatching development: a novel system for extended in vitro culture of bovine embryos. Biol Reprod. 2004 Dec;71(6):2048-55.
Tominaga K. Cryopreservation and sexing of in vivo- and in vitro-produced bovine embryos for their practical use. J Reprod Dev. 2004 Feb;50(1):29-38.
Bos taurus
Genbank common name: cow, bovine, domestic cattle
Taxonomy Id: 9913 Rank: species
Genetic code: Translation table 1 (Standard)
Mitochondrial genetic code: Translation table 2 (Vertebrate Mitochondrial)
Lineage( abbreviated ): Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Cetartiodactyla; Ruminantia; Pecora; Bovidae; Bovinae; Bos; Bos taurus
NCBI Taxonomy Browser Bos taurus
The table below shows the general timing of early development stages in the bovine embryo, as well as comparing this to other domestic species.
Implantation in the uterus occurs between 30-35 days.
Species |
1 cell (hours) |
8 cell (days) |
Blastocyst (days) |
Enter Uterus (days) |
Length of Gestation (days) |
Cattle |
24 |
3 |
8 |
3.5 |
281 |
Horse |
24 |
3 |
6 |
5 |
337 |
Sheep |
24 |
2.5 |
7 |
3 |
148 |
Swine |
14-16 |
2 |
6 |
2 |
114 |
(Data: Oklahoma State University Learning Reproduction in Farm Animals)
The B. taurus genome is approximately 3000 megabases (MB), in 29 pairs of autosomes and two sex chromosomes. Bovine chromosomes are acrocentric with centromere located very close to one end giving a "V" shape rather than "X" of a central centromere.
Bovine Genome (Image NCBI)
For current genome sequencing status and many more bovine related resources see the external Links: NCBI Bovine Genome Project
| U.S. Meat Animal Research Center - Cattle Genome Maps | Baylor University - Genome ProjectEverts-van der Wind A, Larkin DM, Green CA, Elliott JS, Olmstead CA, Chiu R, Schein JE, Marra MA, Womack JE, Lewin HA. A high-resolution whole-genome cattle-human comparative map reveals details of mammalian chromosome evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Dec 20;102(51):18526-31.
Everts-van der Wind A, Kata SR, Band MR, Rebeiz M, Larkin DM, Everts RE, Green CA, Liu L, Natarajan S, Goldammer T, Lee JH, McKay S, Womack JE, Lewin HA. A 1463 gene cattle-human comparative map with anchor points defined by human genome sequence coordinates. Genome Res. 2004 Jul;14(7):1424-37.
Kasinathan P, Knott JG, Wang Z, Jerry DJ, Robl JM. Production of calves from G1 fibroblasts. Nat Biotechnol. 2001 Dec;19(12):1176-8.
There are a number of known bovine diseases listed.
Results (2006): cardiomyopathy, dilated | chondrodysplasia | convulsions and ataxia, familial | leukocyte adhesion deficiency | spongiform encephalopathy
Search OMIA Now: bovine
Reviews
Wrenzycki C, Herrmann D, Lucas-Hahn A, Korsawe K, Lemme E, Niemann H. Messenger RNA expression patterns in bovine embryos derived from in vitro procedures and their implications for development. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2005;17(1-2):23-35.
Tominaga K. Cryopreservation and sexing of in vivo- and in vitro-produced bovine embryos for their practical use. J Reprod Dev. 2004 Feb;50(1):29-38.
Thompson JG, Peterson AJ. Bovine embryo culture in vitro: new developments and post-transfer consequences. Hum Reprod. 2000 Dec;15 Suppl 5:59-67.
First NL, Sims MM, Park SP, Kent-First MJ. Systems for production of calves from cultured bovine embryonic cells. Reprod Fertil Dev. 1994;6(5):553-62.
Articles
Brandao DO, Maddox-Hyttel P, Lovendahl P, Rumpf R, Stringfellow D, Callesen H. Post hatching development: a novel system for extended in vitro culture of bovine embryos. Biol Reprod. 2004 Dec;71(6):2048-55.
Everts-van der Wind A, Larkin DM, Green CA, Elliott JS, Olmstead CA, Chiu R, Schein JE, Marra MA, Womack JE, Lewin HA. A high-resolution whole-genome cattle-human comparative map reveals details of mammalian chromosome evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Dec 20;102(51):18526-31.
Everts-van der Wind A, Kata SR, Band MR, Rebeiz M, Larkin DM, Everts RE, Green CA, Liu L, Natarajan S, Goldammer T, Lee JH, McKay S, Womack JE, Lewin HA. A 1463 gene cattle-human comparative map with anchor points defined by human genome sequence coordinates. Genome Res. 2004 Jul;14(7):1424-37.
Search PubMed: Search May 2006 "bovine embryonic development" 4,418 reference articles of which 300 were reviews. Search term = bovine embryonic development
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Bovine embryo development has been studied due to the commercial value in cattle breeding.
Recent research has focussed on the potential of in vitro culturing of bovine embryonic cells and the development of embryonic stem cells.
Please email Dr Mark Hill if you wish to make a comment about this current project.