Introduction
The first week of human development begins with
fertilization of the egg by sperm forming
the zygote, followed by early cell division forming
the blastocyst. These notes also cover events
before fertilization formation of both the egg and
sperm, gametogenesis. Cell division can
occur in 2 forms, mitosis
and meiosis.
Mitosis can occur in all cells, while meiosis only
occurs during the formation of the sex gametes.
Initially, there is a halving of choromosomal
content in the gametes, which is restored by
fertilization, allowing genetic recombination to
occur. This is then followed by a series of cell
divisions without cytoplasmic growth.
I have also included in the Week 1 notes
information about male sex determination and X
inactivation, which are not really specific to the
first week of development.
Zygote with 2 pronuclei
Dr S. J. DiMarzo
Some Recent Findings
Akiyama T, Nagata M, Aoki F.
Inadequate histone deacetylation during oocyte meiosis causes aneuploidy and embryo death in mice.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 May 1; [Epub ahead of print] "It was recently reported that histones are globally deacetylated in mammalian oocytes during meiosis but not mitosis. ...
The high incidence of aneuploidy in the embryos of older females may be due to inadequate meiotic histone deacetylation."
Wang Q, Yin S, Ai JS, Liang CG, Hou Y, Chen DY, Schatten H, Sun QY.
Histone deacetylation is required for orderly meiosis.
Cell Cycle. 2006 Apr;5(7):766-74. Epub 2006 Apr 1.
The results showed that subcellular translocation, expression level and phosphorylated modification of histone deacetylase 1 were temporally regulated and likely
to coparticipate in the establishment of histone acetylation profiles in oocyte meiosis."
Meiosis Overview
The following is a brief text extract from a lecture on Cell Division. As it is only the text
bullet points covering meiosis, out of context it may be hard to follow. There are several full versions of this lecture available online from
UNSW Cell Biology website: Medicine- Society and Health ,
Science- Cell Biology
Text References
Available Online
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Alberts) Ch17,18
- The Cell Ch14,15
- Molecular Cell Biology Ch13
Not Available Online
- Essential Cell Biology (Alberts) Ch 17
- Histology and Cell Biology (Kierszbaum) All throughout textbook Textbooks
- Dev Biology: Ch12
Cell Birth - Mitosis and Meiosis
References
Molecular Biology of the
Cell- References
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