For some time it has been known that the neural crest contribution to cardiac outflow vessels and their septation is critical for normal cardiovascular develoment. For notes introducing the neural crest and heart.
Stage 13 Cardiac outflow (truncus arteriosus)
Neural crest also contributes to: formation of arterial valves, supporting sinuses, coronary arteries and the cardiac neural ganglia.
Several severe abnormalities associated with failure of this contribution to the outflow tract: persistent truncus arteriosus, cushion hypoplasia, elongation and mispositioning. In addition there are syndromes that include other abnormalities (More? DiGeorge syndrome).
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Hildreth V, Webb S, Bradshaw L, Brown NA, Anderson RH, Henderson DJ. Cells migrating from the neural crest contribute to the innervation of the venous pole of the heart. J Anat. 2008 Jan;212(1):1-11.
"In particular, no evidence was found to support previous suggestions that cells from the neural crest make a direct contribution to the myocardial atrioventricular conduction axis, although a small subset of these cells do co-localize with the developing left bundle branch. We have therefore confirmed that cells from the neural crest migrate to the venous pole of the heart, and that their major role is in the development of the parasympathetic innervation. In addition, in some embryos, a population of cells derived from the neural crest persist in the leaflets of the atrioventricular valves, but their role in subsequent development remains unknown."
Jia Q, McDill BW, Li SZ, Deng C, Chang CP, Chen F. Smad signaling in the neural crest regulates cardiac outflow tract remodeling through cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous effects. Dev Biol. 2007 Nov 1;311(1):172-84.
Light W, Vernon AE, Lasorella A, Iavarone A, Labonne C. Xenopus Id3 is required downstream of Myc for the formation of multipotent neural crest progenitor cells. Development. 2005 Apr;132(8):1831-1841. Fgf15 is required for proper morphogenesis of the mouse cardiac outflow tract.
"show that the small HLH protein Id3 is a Myc target that plays an essential role in the formation and maintenance of neural crest stem cells."
Kaartinen V, Dudas M, Nagy A, Sridurongrit S, Lu MM, Epstein JA. Cardiac outflow tract defects in mice lacking ALK2 in neural crest cells. Development. 2004 Jul;131(14):3481-90.
"..type I BMP receptor ALK2 plays an essential cell-autonomous role in the development of the cardiac outflow tract and aortic arch derivatives."
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Neural Crest Derivatives
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Search NLM Online Textbooks "cardiac neural crest" : Endocrinology | Molecular Biology of the Cell | The Cell- A molecular Approach
Reviews
Hutson MR, Kirby ML. Model systems for the study of heart development and disease. Cardiac neural crest and conotruncal malformations. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2007 Feb;18(1):101-10. Epub 2006 Dec 19. Review.
Brown CB, Baldwin HS. Neural crest contribution to the cardiovascular system. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2006;589:134-54. Review.
Articles
Hildreth V, Webb S, Bradshaw L, Brown NA, Anderson RH, Henderson DJ. Cells migrating from the neural crest contribute to the innervation of the venous pole of the heart. J Anat. 2008 Jan;212(1):1-11.
Search Feb 2008 "cardiac neural crest development" 432 reference articles of which 82 were reviews. (More? Historic Neural Crest Reviews References 1998)
Search PubMed: term = cardiac neural crest development
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Notes under development (notice removed when complete)
While the cells originate from the ectoderm layer, unlike the neural tube which "pinches off" from the surface ectoderm, the neural crest cells head off on migrations throughout the embryo forming a diverse range of cell types and contributions to different tissues.
This behaviour also means that failure of correct migration or differentiation can lead to a number of different abnormalities.
Please email Dr Mark Hill if you wish to make a comment about this current project.