This current page gives a brief overview of late embryonic development (Carnegie stage 22) in the head and neck region.
Page Links: Introduction | Overview | Arches Overview | Otocyst | Pharynx | Sections by Text | References | Search Pubmed | Glossary | Terms
A text description linked to the actual embryo cross-section.
A5: Root of nose with interorbital ligament behind. Developing calvaria. Olfactory bulbs.
A6: Nose. Interorbital ligament. Nasal septum and nasal capsule. Eyes and eyelids. Thalamus/hypothalamus. Part of circle of Willis.
A7: Eyes. Nasal septum. Middle conchae. Sphenoid cartilage.
B1: Optic nerve.
B2: Neurohyophysis and adenohypophysis. Remnant of Rathke's pouch (residual lumen) in adenohypophysis. Trigeminal ganglion. Internal carotid arteries. Vomeronasal organs, lateral to nasal septum. Nasal plug (transient). Nasal conchae.
B3: Trigeminal nerve and ganglion, with maxillary division emerging. Pterygopalatine ganglion. Nasalconchae. Adenohypophysis.
B4: Tongue. Otic capsule. Cochlea. Between B3 and B4, the junction of nasopharynx and oropharynx.
B5: Tongue with palatal process either side. Pharyngotympanic tubes (Eustachian tube -derived from pharyngeal pouch 1). External ear pinna.
From level of tongue (B6) to bifurcation of the bronchi (D5-D6).
B4: Tongue. Otic capsule. Cochlea. Between B3 and B4, the junction of nasopharynx and oropharynx.
B5: Tongue with palatal process either side. Pharyngotympanic tubes (Eustachian tube -derived from pharyngeal pouch 1). External ear pinna.
B6: External auditory meatus (from pharyngeal groove 1). Meckel's cartilage with mandible ossifying lateral to it. Tongue with intrinsic muscles. palatal processes.Developing teeth.
B7: Pharynx (compressed dorsoventrally). Mylohyoid muscle and submandibular gland. Platysma muscle (R side). Junction of sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein on one side. Vagal ganglia (medial). Vertebral arteries.
C1: Pharynx. Carotid neurovascular bundle with prominent ganglia.
C2: Pharynx. Carotidneurovascularbundle. Sternomastoidmuscle.
C3: Glottic region with cricoid cartilage and descending process of thyroid cartilage laterally. Carotidneurovascularbundle.
C4: Section damaged, but shows thyroid gland lateral to trachea. Oesophagus.
C5: Thyroidgland. Trachea. Oesophagus. Recurrent laryngeal nerve. Common carotid arteries. Jugular veins. Vagus nerves.
C6,C7: Jugular veins. In C7 brachiocephalic vein.
Dl: Thymus gland.
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This page is an overview of the structures visible within the late embryo at Carnegie stage 22.
Note the extensive differentiation of structures within the head and neck, but the relative inmmaturity of the brain.
Please email Dr Mark Hill if you wish to make a comment about this current project.
