UNSW Embryology

Molecular Development - Tlx

© Dr Mark Hill (2010)

Acknowledgements

Introduction

T cell leukemia 3 (Tlx3) is a homeobox gene which appears to specify spinal cord glutamatergic sensory neurons and has recently been identified as a selector gene in embryonic stem (ES) cells undergoing neural differentiation. (More? Neural Molecular Notes | Neural Notes | Stem Cell Notes)

childhood T acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Alternative names: Respiratory Neuron Homeobox (RNX), HOX11L2, TLX3

Page Links: Introduction | Some Recent Findings | Pathway | OMIM Entry | Bookshelf References | Human Map | Signaling Factors | WWW Links | References | Glossary

Some Recent Findings

Stem Cell Neural Differentiation - Kondo T, Sheets PL, Zopf DA, Aloor HL, Cummins TR, Chan RJ, Hashino E. Tlx3 exerts context-dependent transcriptional regulation and promotes neuronal differentiation from embryonic stem cells.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Apr 7

"The T cell leukemia 3 (Tlx3) gene has been implicated in specification of glutamatergic sensory neurons in the spinal cord. ...The sequential and coordinated expression of the proneural and neuronal subtype-specific genes identifies Tlx3 as a selector gene in ES cells undergoing neural differentiation."

Pathway

Tlx3 ->

Upregulated in ES cells:

4 days - Mash1, Ngn1, and NeuroD

7 days - VGLUT2, GluR2, and GluR4

OMIM Database

OMIM Online Database Tlx3 |

Bookshelf References

Developmental Biology (6th ed.) Gilbert, Scott F. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Inc. (c2000)

Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.) Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter. New York: Garland Publishing (c2002)

Human Tlx Map

Signaling Factors

Signaling during development, though complex, can also be grouped into a few specific classes. These mechanisms have also been listed and described briefly on Signaling Mechanisms Introduction page.

Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) | Engrailed (En) | Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) | Hedgehog (HH) | Homeobox genes (Hox) | Laminin | MyoD | Nanog | Nodal | Paired Box (Pax) | PItuitary-specific Transcription factor (Pit) | Retinoic Acid (RA) | Snail | | Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) | SRY | T-Box genes | Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-b) | Olig | Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) | Wnt7a