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Huntington Disease Society of America
The Huntington's Disease Society of America is the only national voluntary health agency in the United States dedicated to finding a cure for HD through research and improving the lives of people with Huntington's Disease and their families.
Caring
for People with Huntington's Disease
This page is meant to be a source of information
for those with Huntington's disease, those at
risk, their families, care givers and those just
wanting to know more.
Facing
Huntington's Disease
A handbook for families and friends
The
Huntington's Disease Clinic
This is a multidisciplinary clinic for
Huntington's disease patients. The clinic offers
not only diagnosis and management of
Huntington's disease, but also opportunities to
participate in research projects.
Internet
Resources for Huntington's Disease
Information
An extensive list of links with a short
description to sites of interest about
Huntington's Disease.
Alcohol "Fetal Alcohol Syndrome"
Infection
cytomegalovirus
Trauma
These links require online access to Merck Manuals on Women's Health Issues. http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual_home2/sec22/sec22.jsp
Risk Factors Present Before Pregnancy
Risk Factors That Develop During Pregnancy
Diseases that complicate Pregnancy
Problems Affecting the Fetus or Newborn
Mitral Valve Prolapse
High Blood Pressure
Anemias
Kidney Disease
Infectious Disease
Diabetes
Thyroid
Liver
Asthma
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Myasthenia Gravis
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
>Surgery During Pregnancy
Relate to lifestyle, environment and nutrition. Some examples of this form of abnormality are the impact of excess alcohol on neural development (Fetal alcohol syndrome), viral infection (rubella) at a critical stage of development, inadequate dietry folate intake (neural tube defects), effects of prescription drugs (Thalidomide- limb development) and even maternal endocrine function (thyroid development).
In addition to these obvious maternally-derived abnormalities, there is growing evidence that the interuterine environment has a strong influence on later postnatal health. This theory is based on the early statistical analysis of disease/longevity in babies with low birth weights in England by Barker, and has been called the "Barker Hypothesis". (More? Barker Hypothesis)
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Malnutrition
Infection
Trauma
see also Normal Childhood Development
These developmental abnormalities usually involve only small DNA mutations affecting individual or a few genes, two exceptions are the major chromosomal abnormalities usualy trisomy; trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) and trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome) (also trisomy 9, 13, 15). Note that the occurance of chromosomal abnormalities also increases with increasing maternal age. There are many pamphlets providing information about prenatal diagnosis (see NSW State Health Publication Checking your baby's health before birth).
Each section of the notes covering early development and specific systems contain references to specific abnormalities (on Page 2 of each notes section). The best source for Australian statistical data is the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare National Perinatal Statistics Unit, UNSW which publishes "Congenital Malformations Australia" every 2 years. Be aware that some congenital abnormalities, by their nature, affect multiple systems. In the USA, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) keeps and publishes relevant statistical information. A very difficult issue in abnormal development are the many different Ethical implications.
This current page is a link to Normal and Abnormal Development and Population Data.
You should look at normal development. Development Notes
Alternatively, go on to look at Systematic Development of organs and tissues.
For those wanting to see dynamic processes of development (and have a reasonably quick connection) then the Movies pages are good for watching changes occur.
The study of human development has relied extensively on studying the process in other model animals. For those wanting to see the process of development in other species then the other embryos pages are a good start.
Home Page
Embryo stages
Fetal Dev
Dev Notes 1
Dev Notes 2
System Notes
Acknowledgements
Movies
Audio
Class Notes
Serial Images
K12 Students
Abnormal Development
Embryology in the News
Histology
Site Map
School of Med Sci
UNSW Medicine
University of NSW
UNSW Cell Biology
NCBI Books
Dev Biol (Gilbert)
How and why do things go wrong in development?
Abnormalities in human development can be due to many different maternal factors, this page gives a few starting points to look at this topic.
The page links to internal resources coving specific topics and also uses the online Merck Manuals, which cover this topic with some excellent short summaries.
Please email Dr Mark Hill if you wish to make a comment about this current project.