These notes cover normal Postnatal respiratory development. Beginning with the neonatal respiratory function and development of associated musculoskeletal structures and circulatory changes.
For earlier background see System Notes: Respiratory and Heart.
Lungs at birth collapsed and fluid-filled. Replaced with air by powerful inspiratory movement.
Respiratory Rate is higher than adult (30 breaths/minute).
Infant rib is virtually horizontal, allowing diaphragmatic breathing only.
Adult rib orientation is oblique (both anterior and lateral views), allows for pump-handle and bucket handle types of inspiration.
Respiration alters cardiovascular circulation
Blood pressure, flow rates change
Ductus arteriosus closes - Isolates pulmonary and systemic circulation
Foramen ovale closes - Separates atria of heart
Heart Rate - Higher than adult, 120-140 bpm
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At birth the commencement of respiration brings about independent life not requiring the mother and placenta as a source of oxygen.
With this first breath many other physiological changes occur with the establishment of functioning lungs and pulmonary system.
As the lungs finally develop late in fetal growth, premature birth brings difficulties associated with an underdeveloped respiratory system.
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